Treatment performance of a constructed wetland during storm and non-storm events in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Maniquiz ◽  
S. Y. Lee ◽  
J. Y. Choi ◽  
S. M. Jeong ◽  
L. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Physico Chemical

The efficiency of a free water surface flow constructed wetland (CW) in treating agricultural discharges from stream was investigated during storm and non-storm events between April and December, 2009. Physico-chemical and water quality constituents were monitored at five sampling locations along the flow path of the CW. The greatest reduction in pollutant concentration was observed after passing the sedimentation zone at approximately 4% fractional distance from the inflow. The inflow hydraulic loading, flow rates and pollutant concentrations were significantly higher and variable during storm events than non-storm (baseflow) condition (p <0.001) that resulted to an increase in the average pollutant removal efficiencies by 10 to 35%. The highest removal percentages were attained for phosphate (51 ± 22%), ammonium (44 ± 21%) and phosphorus (38 ± 19%) while nitrate was least effectively retained by the system with only 25 ± 17% removal during non-storm events. The efficiency of the system was most favorable when the temperature was above 15 °C (i.e., almost year-round except the winter months) and during storm events. Overall, the outflow water quality was better than the inflow water quality signifying the potential of the constructed wetland as a treatment system and capability of improving the stream water quality.

System design and treatment efficiency of a surface flow constructed wetland receiving runoff impacted stream water

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Maniquiz ◽  
J. Y. Choi ◽  
S. Y. Lee ◽  
C. G. Kang ◽  
G. S. Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

This study reported the efficiency of a free water surface flow constructed wetland (CW) system that receives runoff impacted stream water from a forested and agricultural watershed. Investigations were conducted to examine the potential effect of hydraulic fluctuations on the CW as a result of storm events and the changes in water quality along the flow path of the CW. Based on the results, the incoming pollutant concentrations were increased during storm events and greater at the near end of the storm than at the initial time of storm. A similar trend was observed to the concentrations exiting the CW due to the wetland being a relatively small percentage of the watershed (<0.1%) that allowed delays in runoff time during storm events. The concentrations of most pollutants were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) except for nitrate (p = 0.5). Overall, this study suggests that the design of the system could feasibly function for the retention of most pollutants during storm events as the actual water quality of the outflow was significantly better by 21–71% than the inflow and the levels of pollutants were reduced to appreciable levels.

scholarly journals Seasonal Retention and Release of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts by Environmental Biofilms in the Laboratory

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Wolyniak ◽  
B. R. Hargreaves ◽  
K. L. Jellison
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Eastern Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium is a genus of waterborne protozoan parasites that causes significant gastrointestinal disease in humans. These parasites can accumulate in environmental biofilms and be subsequently released to contaminate water supplies. Natural microbial assemblages were collected each season from an eastern Pennsylvania stream and used to grow biofilms in laboratory microcosms in which influx, efflux, and biofilm retention were determined from daily oocyst counts. For each seasonal biofilm, oocysts attached to the biofilm quickly during oocyst dosing. Upon termination of oocyst dosing, the percentage of oocysts retained within the biofilm decreased to a new steady state within 5 days. Seasonal differences in biofilm retention of oocysts were observed. The spring biofilm retained the greatest percentage of oocysts, followed (in decreasing order) by the winter, summer, and fall biofilms. There was no statistically significant correlation between the percentage of oocysts attached to the biofilm and (i) any measured stream water quality parameter (including temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved organic carbon concentration) or (ii) experimental temperature. Seasonal differences in oocyst retention persisted when biofilms were tested with stream water from a different season. These data suggest that seasonal variation in the microbial community and resulting biofilm architecture may be more important to oocyst transport in this stream site than water quality. The biofilm attachment and detachment dynamics of C. parvum oocysts have implications for public health, and the drinking water industry should recognize that the potential exists for pathogen-free water to become contaminated during the distribution process as a result of biofilm dynamics.

Using Multi-Function Constructed Wetland for Urban Stream Restoration

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 3072-3076
Author(s):  
Chun Yi Wu ◽  
Yu Tung Fu ◽  
Zong Han Yang ◽  
Chih Ming Kao ◽  
Yao Ting Tu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wetland System

In 2007, a 2.8-ha multi-function constructed wetland was successfully built in Pingtung County, Taiwan to improve the water quality of local stream and ecosystem of the surrounding environment. The mean inflow rate was approximately 1,350 m3/day. The major influents of the wetland come from the local drainage ditches and streams mainly containing returned water from upstream farmlands and secondary wastewater from hog farms located in the upper catchment of the wetland. Thus, the influents contain moderate to high concentrations of organics and nutrients. The mean measured hydraulic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, water depth, and total volume of wetland system were 0.1 m/day, 5.5 days, 0.7 m, and 7,800 m3, respectively. In this study, water, sediment, and plant samples were collected and analyzed quarterly for each wetland basin during the two-year investigation period. Results show that more than 77% of total coliforms (TC), 78% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 88% of total nitrogen (TN), and 96% of ammonia nitrogen were removed via the constructed wetland system. Thus, the wetland system has a significant effect on water quality improvement and is able to remove most of the pollutants from the local stream through natural attenuation mechanisms. Except for stream water quality improvement and rehabilitating the natural ecosystem, this wetland also offers more water assessable eco-ponds and eco-gardens for public. This constructed wetland has become one of the most successful multi-function constructed wetlands in Taiwan.

The Effects of Off-Highway Vehicle Trails and Use on Stream Water Quality in the North Fork of the Broad River

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelcy Ford Miniat ◽  
Patsy P. Clinton ◽  
Laren K. Everage
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
The North ◽  
North Fork ◽  
Recreational Benefits ◽  
Trail System

Abstract. Managing forests for recreational benefits, such as off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, as well as other ecosystem services, such as clean and abundant water, can often present challenges for land managers when one ecosystem service conflicts with another. We conducted research in the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest to determine if the presence and use of OHV trails were associated with greater total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations and turbidity in streams during storm events in 2015-2016. We used a paired-watershed approach, with a treatment watershed containing the Locust Stake OHV trail system on the North Fork of the Broad River, and a reference watershed (Kimbell Creek) similar in all respects except for the presence and use of OHV trails. During the study period, mean streamflow rates across all sampling times were 19% greater, but mean stormflow rates were 29% less, at Locust Stake compared to Kimbell Creek. During storm sampling, the average storm TSS concentration was greater at Locust Stake (101.1 mg L-1) than at Kimbell Creek (65.3 mg L-1). The results indicate that the greater the stormflow, the greater the TSS concentration for each storm event sampled across both watersheds. TSS concentration was linearly and positively related to stormflow, with R2 values ranging from 0.11 to 0.92 for all events in both watersheds. Across all sampling dates, the TSS concentration per unit stormflow was greater at Locust Stake than at Kimbell Creek, and was 7-fold greater at Locust Stake after the OHV trails were opened compared to when they were closed for maintenance and assessment. When the OHV trails were closed, the TSS concentration per unit stormflow was still significantly greater, by 4-fold, at Locust Stake compared to Kimbell Creek. Our results suggest that the presence and use of the Locust Stake OHV trail system are associated with poorer water quality, and with better water quality when the trails are closed. Forest managers face a well-defined set of tradeoffs between providing OHV recreation and water quality benefits that warrants careful planning and monitoring. Keywords: National Forest System, Off-highway vehicles, Recreation, Sedimentation, Streamflow, Turbidity, Water quality.

scholarly journals Seasonal variability of stream water quality response to storm events captured using high-frequency and multi-parameter data

2018 ◽  
Vol 559 ◽  
pp. 282-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Fovet ◽  
G. Humbert ◽  
R. Dupas ◽  
C. Gascuel-Odoux ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Quality Response

scholarly journals How Long, Narrowly Constructed Wetlands Purify Irrigation Return Water: A Case Study of Ulansuhai Lake, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufeng Mao ◽  
Donghai Yuan ◽  
Liansheng He ◽  
Xiaoyan Wei ◽  
Qiong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Return Water ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

The use of constructed wetlands (CWs) in the treatment of raw wastewater in China has proved to be very successful in recent decades. However, it is not known whether surface-flow constructed wetlands can effectively purify irrigation return water. To investigate the performance of a constructed wetland in terms of meeting the goals of pollutant purification, the 8th drainage of Ulansuhai Lake was used for this study. Pollutant removal performances, as well as hydrological characteristic variations in relation to specific characteristics of plants, were investigated utilizing two years of monthly average data. The results indicated that surface-flow constructed wetlands can effectively change the physical characteristics of return water and lead to a sharp decrease in pollutant concentrations. The 1200 m long, narrowly constructed wetland resulted in the average reduction rates of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of up to 22.1% and 21.5%, respectively. The overall purification efficient of the constructed wetland presented seasonal variations in four different monitoring periods (May, July, September, and November). Constructed wetlands with multiple types of plants exhibited higher efficiencies in pollutants removal than those with a single type of plant. The current study can provide meaningful information for the treatment of agricultural wastewater.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stream Water Quality Improvement Using Surface-flow Wetland

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hwa Ham ◽  
Chun G. Yoon ◽  
Won-Seck Koo ◽  
Hyung-Chul Kim ◽  
Hyum-Bhum Shin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Improvement

Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water-Quality Networks (WQN)

Data Series ◽  
10.3133/ds37 ◽  
1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Alexander ◽  
J.R. Slack ◽  
A.S. Ludtke ◽  
K.K. Fitzgerald ◽  
T.L. Schertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Stream Water Quality
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