Effect of NaCl on nitrate removal from ion-exchange spent brine in the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Van Ginkel ◽  
Bi-o Kim ◽  
Ziming Yang ◽  
Robby Sittmann ◽  
Mark Sholin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Osmotic Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor

The H2-based membrane biofilm reactor was used to remove nitrate from synthetic ion-exchange brine at NaCl concentrations from ∼3 to 30 g/L. NaCl concentrations below 20 g/L did not affect the nitrate removal flux as long as potassium was available to generate osmotic tolerance for high sodium, the H2 pressure was adequate, and membrane fouling was eliminated. Operating pHs of 7–8 and periodic citric acid washes controlled membrane fouling and enabled reactor operation for 650 days. At 30 psig H2 and high nitrate loading rates of 15 to 80 g/m2 d, nitrate removal fluxes ranged from 2.5 to ∼6 g/m2 d, which are the highest fluxes observed when treating 30 g/L IX brine. However, percent removals were low, and the H2 pressure probably limited the removal flux.

Impact of precipitation on the treatment of real ion-exchange brine using the H2-based membrane biofilm reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1453-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Van Ginkel ◽  
Youneng Tang ◽  
Bruce E. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
H2 Flux ◽  
Optimal Ph

The H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was used to remove nitrate and perchlorate from real ion-exchange brine at two different salinities (30- and 50-g/L NaCl). Base production from nitrate reduction to N2 gas caused the pH to increase, and this exacerbated precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonates onto the MBfR fibers. The precipitates lowered the H2 flux to the biofilm and caused a deterioration of denitrification performance that could be reversed by mild citric-acid washing. The addition of acid seems to be the only mechanism to avoid serious precipitation, membrane fouling, and non-optimal pH for denitrification.

scholarly journals Methane-supported nitrate removal from groundwater in a membrane biofilm reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Huan Luo ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Zhiguo Yuan ◽  
Jianhua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor

Effect of organic loading rate on a wastewater treatment process combining moving bed biofilm and membrane reactors

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Melin ◽  
T. Leiknes ◽  
H. Helness ◽  
V. Rasmussen ◽  
H. Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The effect of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) loading rate on membrane fouling rate was studied in two parallel units combining MBBR and membrane reactor. Hollow fiber membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 30 kD were used. The HRTs of the MBBRs varied from 45 min to 4 h and the COD loading rates ranged from 4.1 to 26.6 g COD m−2 d−1. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was very sensitive to fluxes for the used membranes and the experiments were carried out at relatively low fluxes (3.3–5.6 l m−2 h−1). Beside the test with the highest flux, there were no consistent differences in fouling rate between the low- and high-rate reactors. Also, the removal efficiencies were quite similar in both systems. The average COD removal efficiencies in the total process were 87% at 3–4 h HRT and 83% at 0.75–1 h HRT. At high loading rates, there was a shift in particle size distribution towards smaller particles in the MBBR effluents. However, 79–81% of the COD was in particles that were separated by membranes, explaining the relatively small differences in the removal efficiencies at different loading rates. The COD fractionation also indicated that the choice of membrane pore size within the range of 30 kD to 0.1 μm has very small effect on the COD removal in the MBBR/membrane process, especially with low-rate MBBRs.

Kinetics of nitrate and perchlorate reduction in ion-exchange brine using the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR)

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 4197-4205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Van Ginkel ◽  
Chang Hoon Ahn ◽  
Mohammad Badruzzaman ◽  
Deborah J. Roberts ◽  
S. Geno Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Perchlorate Reduction ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Kinetics Of

Microbial community structure during nitrate and perchlorate reduction in ion-exchange brine using the hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR)

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 3747-3750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Van Ginkel ◽  
Regina Lamendella ◽  
William P. Kovacik Jr. ◽  
Jorge W. Santo Domingo ◽  
Bruce E. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Perchlorate Reduction ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor

Study on Membrane Fouling of a Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor Treating Nitrate-Contaminated Drinking Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 814-817
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Yan Hao Zhang ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

A hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) using Polyethylene (PE) membranes was investigated for denitrification in nitrate-contimanitated drinking water. The reactor was operated over 85 days with influent nitrate loading increasing gradually. The result showed that maximum of nitrate denitrification rate achieved was 3.84 g NO3ˉ-N/m3/d (1.36 g NO3ˉ-N/m2/d) and the total nitrogen removal was more than 96%. The results also showed that the membrane pollution was mainly caused by the mineral sedimentation and EPS.

scholarly journals Nitrate Removal and Dynamics of Microbial Community of A Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor at Diverse Nitrate Loadings and Distances from Hydrogen Supply End

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3196
Author(s):  
Minmin Jiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Yuhang Yuan ◽  
Yuchao Chen ◽  
Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Back Diffusion ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Functional Bacteria ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

The back-diffusion of inactive gases severely inhibits the hydrogen (H2) delivery rate of the close-end operated hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-based MBfR). Nevertheless, less is known about the response of microbial communities in H2-based MBfR to the impact of the gases’ back-diffusion. In this research, the denitrification performance and microbial dynamics were studied in a H2-based MBfR operated at close-end mode with a fixed H2 pressure of 0.04 MPa and fed with nitrate (NO3−) containing influent. Results of single-factor and microsensor measurement experiments indicate that the H2 availability was the decisive factor that limits NO3− removal at the influent NO3− concentration of 30 mg N/L. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that (1) the increase of NO3− loading from 10 to 20–30 mg N/L resulted in the shift of dominant functional bacteria from Dechloromonas to Hydrogenophaga in the biofilm; (2) excessive NO3− loading led to the declined relative abundance of Hydrogenophaga and basic metabolic pathways as well as counts of most denitrifying enzyme genes; and (3) in most cases, the decreased quantity of N metabolism-related functional bacteria and genes with increasing distance from the H2 supply end corroborates that the microbial community structure in H2-based MBfR was significantly impacted by the gases’ back-diffusion.

Hydrogen-based hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for removing oxidized contaminants

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Rittmann ◽  
R. Nerenberg ◽  
K.-C. Lee ◽  
I. Najm ◽  
T.E. Gillogly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Perchlorate Reduction ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor

Research with a laboratory prototype and at the pilot scale documents that the hydrogen-based hollow-fiber Membrane-Biofilm Reactor (MBfR) is technically and economically feasible for reduction of nitrate and perchlorate. In the MBfR, H2 gas diffuses through the wall of a composite membrane, and an autotrophic biofilm naturally develops on the outside of the membrane, where the bacteria's electron acceptor is an oxidized contaminant (e.g., NO3− or ClO4−) supplied from the water. The hydrogen pressure to the hollow fibers is a key control parameter that can be adjusted rapidly and easily. For denitrification, partial nitrate removal often is acceptable, and the hydrogen pressure can be low to minimize the costs of H2 supply and the concentration of H2 in the effluent. When perchlorate must be reduced, full nitrate removal is essential, since NO3−-N above about 0.2 mg/L slows perchlorate reduction. Perchlorate reduction is sensitive to the hydrogen pressure, which underscores the critical role of H2 pressure for controlling process performance. Given that H2-oxidizing microorganisms have the potential to reduce many oxidized contaminants, we hypothesize that and are beginning to test how well the MBfR reduces bromate, selenate, chlorinated solvents, and other oxidized contaminants.

Anaerobic Thermophilic (55°C) Treatment of TMP Whitewater in Reactors Based on Biomass Attachment and Entrapment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun J. Jahren ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala ◽  
Hallvard Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping

Thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater was treated in thermophilic (55°C) anaerobic laboratory-scale reactors using three different reactor configurations. In all reactors up to 70% COD removals were achieved. The anaerobic hybrid reactor, composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a filter, gave degradation rates up to 10 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15 kg COD/m3d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.1 hours. The anaerobic multi-stage reactor, consisting of three compartments, each packed with granular sludge and carrier elements, gave degradation rates up to 9 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15-16 kg COD/m3d, and HRT down to 2.6 hours. Clogging and short circuiting eventually became a problem in the multi-stage reactor, probably caused by too high packing of the carriers. The anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor performed similar to the other reactors at loading rates below 1.4 kg COD/m3d, which was the highest loading rate applied. The use of carriers in the anaerobic reactors allowed short HRT with good treatment efficiencies for TMP whitewater.

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