Effect of phosphorus concentration on phosphorus removal and biomass

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Jeong Choi ◽  
Hanna Lee ◽  
Seung-Mok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration ◽  
P Removal

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process was employed to study the effect of biological phosphorus removal (bio-P removal) and P-content in treated sludge with increased phosphorus concentration present in the wastewater. Further, the following four test fractions of raw wastewaters was obtained having different P-concentrations viz., run 1: P-20 mg/L, run 2: P-40 mg/L, run 3: P-60 mg/L, run 4: P-80 mg/L. The effective P-removal obtained for these four test fractions were found to be 23.07 mg/L (98.17%), 41.35 mg/L (88.16%), 45.75 mg/L (72.04%) and 55.80 mg/L (66.82%) respectively for run 1, 2, 3 and 4 fractions. Moreover, the similar increase in phosphorous concentration i.e., from 20 to 80 mg/L caused an apparent increase in total solid (TS) values from 7 to 8.3 g TS/L, whereas the total volatile solid (TVS) content remained constant (i.e. 4.5 g TVS/L). These results inferred that the proportion of TVS in the TS decreased from 70 to 55%. Moreover, by increasing the initial P-concentration from 20 to 80 mg/L, the corresponding P-proportion of excess sludge was increased from 2 to 6.2%.

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal process implemented in membrane bioreactors to improve phosphorous recovery and recycling

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lesjean ◽  
R. Gnirss ◽  
C. Adam ◽  
M. Kraume ◽  
F. Luck
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
P Content ◽  
On Line ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was adapted to membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. One bench-scale plant (BSP, 200-250 L) and two pilot plants (PPs, 1,000-3,000 L each) were operated under several configurations, including pre-denitrification and post-denitrification without addition of carbon source, and two solid retention times (SRT) of 15 and 26 d. The trials showed that efficient Bio-P removal can be achieved with MBR systems, in both pre- and post-denitrification configurations. EBPR dynamics could be clearly demonstrated through batch-tests, on-line measurements, profile analyses, P-spiking trials, and mass balances. High P-removal performances were achieved even with high SRT of 26 d, as around 9 mgP/L could be reliably removed. After stabilisation, the sludge exhibited phosphorus contents of around 2.4%TS. When spiked with phosphorus (no P-limitation), P-content could increase up to 6%TS. The sludge is therefore well suited to agricultural reuse with important fertilising values. Theoretical calculations showed that increased sludge age should result in a greater P-content. This could not be clearly demonstrated by the trials. This effect should be all the more significant as the influent is low in suspended solids.

Membrane bioreactor configurations for enhanced biological phosphorus removal

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Adam ◽  
M. Kraume ◽  
R. Gnirss ◽  
B. Lesjean
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
N Removal ◽  
P Content ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) bench-scale plant (210 L) was operated under two different enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) configurations, characterised by pre- and postdenitrification mode. Both configurations were operated at 15 d SRT in parallel to a conventional WWTP and fed with degritted raw water. Effluent PT-concentrations were very stable and low between 0.05-0.15 mg/L for both configurations at sludge P-contents of 2-3%P/TS. In contrast to aerobic P-uptake with postdenitrification anoxic P-uptake clearly dominated in the pre-denitrification configuration. N-removal was surprisingly high with up to 96% in the post-denitrification system without resorting to any carbon addition. During P-spiking (influent: -­40 mgP/L) the P-content increased up to 6-7.5%P/TS. However, a significant amount of P-removal was due to adsorption and precipitation.

Circulation of phosphorus in a system with biological p-removal and sludge digestion

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Nyberg ◽  
H. Aspegren ◽  
B. Andersson ◽  
P. Elberg Jorgensen ◽  
J. la Cour Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Influent Wastewater ◽  
P Removal

Pilot plant studies of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) based on an activated sludge process have been conducted at the Sjölunda plant since 1986. One of the main questions with respect to this process alternative is how the sludge treatment system is to be operated. In order to study the release of phosphorus from an EBPR sludge during anaerobic digestion, a study was performed with manually operated laboratory reactors. Fractionation procedures were used in order to characterize the sludge with respect to phosphorus. The influent wastewater quality determines the release and precipitation of phosphorus during anaerobic digestion. The potential for precipitation is in principle determined by the amount of metals in the influent wastewater which are removed with the wasted sludge. At the Sjölunda plant, a process scheme based on an EBPR process and anaerobic digestion requires that the circulation of phosphorus is prevented by means of addition of chemicals in order to acquire a phosphorus concentration of around 0.5 – 1 mg P/l in the secondary effluent.

Energy Saving, High Biological Phosphorus Removal and Improvement of Sludge Settleability on Full-Scale Anaerobic–Aerobic Activated Sludge Process

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 801-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Tanaka ◽  
Masayoshi Kitagawa ◽  
Eiichi Ohkubo
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Conventional Process ◽  
Aerobic Process ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Sludge Settleability ◽  
P Removal

An anaerobic-aerobic process was modified from a conventional process used in municipal sewage works to enable phosphorus removal and improving sludge settleability. Research was conducted in three sewage works in comparison with the conventional process. The phosphorus removal efficiency by the anaerobic-aerobic process was higher. The T-P removal ratio ranged 80 - 90% and T-P concentration of the effluent was almost below 1 mg/l, when the average T-P/BOD ratio was 0.04. The removal efficiency of other water quality and excess sludge generation ratio were almost equal in both processes. The anaerobic-aerobic process is not only effective for improving the sludge settleability but also enables wastewater treatment with less quantity of air (approx. 20% reduction). Even including the power consumed for mixing, the anaerobic-aerobic process used up less power (approx. 12%).

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in RBC with SBR modification

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yun ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
E. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
N Removal ◽  
P Content ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

The rotating biological contactor (RBC) system was operationally modified with a sequencing batch reactor to achieve biological phosphorus removal from a weak domestic sewage along with nitrogen removal. This study utilized three RBC units, of which two units were the main units to remove phosphorus and NH4N and the third RBC unit was used as the storage of wastewater for its minimal effect to the PAO activities in the anaerobic stage during the operation. It was noticed that the biofilm thickness in RBC must be controlled to be less than 1.8 mm in order to achieve more than 70% of P removal with about 60% of N removal. With a settled sewage representing 200 mg/L of COD and 5 mg/L of P, the predicted P content in biofilm was more than 3% and the effluent P concentration was about 1 mg/L. The %P content in biofilm decreased with an increase of influent COD/TP ratios. The COD requirement for anaerobic P release was similar to reported values for the suspended growth system, however, the overall requirement increased with thicker biofilm.

Full Scale Investigations on Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal – P-Release in the Anaerobic Reactor

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wedi ◽  
P. A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
P Release ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

Most of the fundamental processes responsible for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were obtained through laboratory tests under defined conditions with pure or enriched cultures. Acinetobacter sp. was identified as the most important group of bacteria responsible for bio-P removal. Full scale data showed, however, that laboratory results do not match full scale results well enough. There is a lack of data on the effects of sub-optimal process conditions such as inadequate availability of volatile fatty acids (VFA), high nitrate recycle, storm water inflow or low temperatures. In this paper the results of full scale experiments on P-release are presented and compared with theoretical values. Measurements at a full scale Phoredox-system showed a surprisingly low P-release in the anaerobic reactor. Only 4 to 10% of the phosphorus in the activated sludge was released in the bulk liquid. With laboratory batch-tests, a maximum of 20% of the P in the sludge could be released. It is assumed that under the prevailing process conditions either the fraction of Acinetobacter sp. was very small, or bacteria other than Acinetobacter sp. were responsible for the P-removal, or most of the phosphorus was bound chemically but mediated by biological processes.

Bio-P and non-bio-P bacteria identification by a novel microbial approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Bond ◽  
Jürg Keller ◽  
Linda L. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
P Content ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

Culturing bacteria from activated sludge with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has strongly implicated Acinetobacter with the process. However, using fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) probing to analyse microbial populations, we have shown evidence opposing this widespread belief. We describe the phosphorus (P) removing performance and microbial population analyses of sludges obtained in a laboratory scale EBPR reactor. Two sludges with extremely high P removing capabilities were examined, the P content of these sludges was 8.6% (P sludge) and 12.3% (S sludge) of the MLSS. Identification of bacteria using FISH probing indicated both sludges were dominated by microbes from the beta proteobacteria and high mol% G+C Gram positive bacteria. Acinetobacter could make up only a small proportion of the cells in these sludges. Sludge with extremely poor P removal (P content of 1.5%, referred to as T sludge) was then generated by reducing the P in the influent. Bacteria resembling the G-bacteria became abundant in this sludge and these were identified using FISH probing. The anaerobic transformations of the T and P sludges correlated well with that of the non-EBPR and EBPR biological models respectively, indicating that bacteria in the T sludge have the potential to inhibit P removal in EBPR systems.

Combined denitrification and excess biological phosphorus removal in discontinuous operated biofilm systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brandt ◽  
C. Sieker ◽  
W. Hegemann
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Release ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Immobilized Biomass ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

The sorption-denitrification-P-removal (S-DN-P) process combines biological excess P-removal (BEPR) and denitrification using immobilized biomass. The accumulation of denitrifying polyP organisms is achieved by sequencing anaerobic/anoxic conditions. The immobilized biomass is in alternating contact with primary treated wastewater (anaerobic sorption-phase) and nitrified wastewater (denitrification phase). In the sorption phase, P-release takes place and readily biodegradable organic substrate, e.g. volatile fatty acid, is taken up and stored by polyP accumulating organisms (PAO). In addition to this, other organic matter is physically/chemically adsorbed in the biofilm structures. In the denitrification phase, the biomass denitrifies the stored and adsorbed organic substrate and, at the same time, P-uptake and polyP formation occurs. This paper presents results of investigations at laboratory and half-technical scale. At laboratory scale different types of carriers were tested regarding their suitability for the S-DN-P-process. In half-technical scale a biofilter and a moving bed reactor (MBR) were tested. In the biofilter a stable removal of nitrate and phosphate was achieved. However, it was not possible to achieve similar results in the MBR process. Especially the release and uptake of phosphate showed no clear tendency although the uptake of acetate was good. Reasons for this could be the accumulation of glycogen accumulating organisms which impair the metabolism of PAO.

Effect of continuous addition of an organic substrate to the anoxic phase on biological phosphorus removal

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Meinhold ◽  
H. Pedersen ◽  
E. Arnold ◽  
S. Isaacs ◽  
M. Henze
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Release ◽  
Influence Of Substrate ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

The continuous introduction of a biological phosphorus removal (BPR) promoting organic substrate to the denitrifying reactor of a BPR process is examined through a series of batch experiments using acetate as model organic substrate. Several observations are made regarding the influence of substrate availability on PHA storage/utilization and phosphate uptake/release. Under anoxic conditions PHB is utilized and phosphate is taken up, indicating that at least a fraction of the PAO can denitrify. The rates of anoxic P-uptake, PHB utilization and denitrification are found to increase with increasing initial PHB level. At low acetate addition rates the P-uptake and PHB utilization rates are reduced compared to when no acetate is available. At higher acetate addition rates a net P-release occurs and PHB is accumulated. For certain intermediate acetate addition rates the PHB level can increase while a net P-release occurs. Whether the introduction of BPR promoting organic substrates to the denitrifying reactor is detrimental to overall P-removal appears to be dependent on the interaction between aerobic P-uptake, which is a function of PHB level, and the aerobic residence time.

Uncertainty and variability in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) stoichiometry: consequences for process modelling and optimization

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1793-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Houweling ◽  
Yves Comeau ◽  
Imre Takács ◽  
Peter Dold
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

The overall potential for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in the activated sludge process is constrained by the availability of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The efficiency with which polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) use these VFAs for P-removal, however, is determined by the stoichiometric ratios governing their anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. While changes in anaerobic stoichiometry due to environmental conditions do affect EBPR performance to a certain degree, model-based analyses indicate that variability in aerobic stoichiometry has the greatest impact. Long-term deterioration in EBPR performance in an experimental SBR system undergoing P-limitation can be predicted as the consequence of competition between PAOs and GAOs. However, the observed rapid decrease in P-release after the change in feed composition is not consistent with a gradual shift in population.

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