Post-treatment of biologically treated wastewater of agrochemical industry by sulfated chitosan composite nanofiltration membrane

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latesh B. Chaudhari ◽  
Z. V. P. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Feed Pressure ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Observed Rejection ◽  
Chitosan Composite

The objective of this study is to treat the biologically treated wastewater using sulfated chitosan/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane to improve agrochemical industry wastewater quality for reuse. Although biological treatment is quite efficient, the wastewater does not meet the reuse criteria. Hence, further treatment to improve the water quality is investigated. Sulfated chitosan composite NF membranes, having a PAN ultrafiltration membrane as the substrate, are prepared by coating and cross-linking methods. The effects of membrane preparation conditions on the rejection and permeation performance of the membranes are studied. The new membranes are characterized by NMR and scanning electron micrograph. Wastewater from agrochemical industry contains high concentrations of organic matter, color, heavy metals and other toxic substances. The operating variables studied are applied pressure (3–15 atm) and feed flowrate (4–16 L/min). It is found that the observed rejection (Ro) increases with increase in feed pressure at constant feed flowrate. The rejection of cations follows the sequence: Ro(Zn2+) > Ro(Ni2+) > Ro(Cu2+) > Ro(Cd2+) for wastewater. It is observed that the order of solute rejection sequence is inversely proportional to the diffusion coefficients.

Experimental procedures characterizing transformations of wastewater organic matter in the Emscher river, Germany

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Løkkegaard Bjerre ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
B. Teichgräber ◽  
D. te Heesen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Ruhr District ◽  
Wastewater Quality

The Emscher river in the Ruhr district, Germany, is at present acting as a large wastewater collector receiving untreated and mechanically treated wastewater. Before the Emscher flows into the river Rhine, treatment takes place in a biological wastewater treatment plant. The transformations of the organic matter in the Emscher affect the river catchment, the subsequent treatment and the river quality. This paper focuses on evaluation of methods for quantification of the microbial transformations of wastewater in the Emscher with emphasis on characterization of wastewater quality changes in terms of biodegradability of organic matter and viable biomass. The characterization is based on methods taken from the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment. Methods were evaluated on the basis of laboratory investigations of water samples from the Emscher. Incubation in batch reactors under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions were made and a case study was performed. The methods described will be used in an intensive study of wastewater transformations in the Emscher river. This study will be a basis for future investigations of wastewater quality changes in the Emscher.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF LEACHATE AT IHIAGWA DUMPSITE, IMO STATE NIGERIA AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
CT Nelson ◽  
GT Amangabara ◽  
CO Owuama ◽  
CN Nzeh ◽  
CN Uyo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Metal Cyanide ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Open dumpsite is the most common way to eliminate solid urban wastes in this part of the world. An important problem associated to landfills and open dumpsite is the production of leachates. The leachates from these dumpsites have many toxic substances, which may adversely affect the environmental health. Thus in order to have a better management of characteristics of Ihiagwa-Nekede waste dump leachates, representative leachate samples were collected and analyzed for Physico-chemical properties and levels of heavy metals in them. Results indicate pH7.38, temperature 28.30 ℃ - 28.40℃, total dissolved solid 124.01mg/l-125.45mg/l, magnesium hardness 4.40mg/l-7.32mg/l, sulphate 3.60mg/l-3.70mg/l, and nitrate 27.00mg/l-27.60mg/l. Other parameters indicated as follows Conductivity1910𝜇𝑠/𝑐𝑚-1930.00 𝜇𝑠/𝑐𝑚, total chloride 891.72mg/l-891.74mg/l, carbonate 1708.00mg/l-1904.00mg/l, Ammonia 9.39mg/l-9.40mg/l, calcium hardness 373.17mg/l-375.61mg/l, total solid 2423.00mg/l-2454.00mg/l, phosphate 13.52mg/l-13.54mg/l. The heavy metal: cyanide 2.25mg/l-2.33mg/l, zinc 18.08mg/l-18.38mg/l, copper 19.90mg/l20.48mg/l, iron10.67mg/l-10.82mg/l, lead 1.27mg/l-1.41mg/l, and manganese 3.00mg/l-3.61mg/l, all these exceeded the WHO standards. The obtained results showed that the landfill leachates are characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals and other disease causing elements and therefore require urgent treatment to forestall the contamination of groundwater system and the nearby Otamiri River.

A tool for a comprehensive assessment of treated wastewater quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Silva ◽  
Sílvia Quadros ◽  
Pedro Ramalho ◽  
Maria João Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Quality

scholarly journals Can a one-sampling campaign produce robust results for water quality monitoring? A case of study in Itupararanga reservoir, SP, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Guilherme de Souza Beghelli ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Martins Pompêo ◽  
Mônica Páscoli ◽  
Vivian Silva Lira ◽  
Renata de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to conduct a rapid and comprehensive analysis of the reservoir using physical, chemical and biological variables comprising water and sediment as also to verify if a one-sampling campaign can produce information that is robust enough for monitoring purposes. Methods One-sampling campaign was performed along the central body of Itupararanga reservoir comprising five sampling points. The following physico-chemical and biological variables were measured in each of them from water samples: temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity, suspended matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus and fecal coliforms. A genotoxicity assay with Allium cepa was also performed with water from each one of the five sampling points. As a complement, the phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates communities were also analyzed in the two most distant sampling points (P1 and P5). Results Results indicate a scenario with eutrophication and toxicity. High concentrations of fecal coliforms were recorded and there is a worrying prevalence of cyanobacteria - potential toxin producers - in phytoplankton community. Benthic macroinvertebrates analysis suggests poor quality of the water and sediments. Genotoxicity tests suggest the presence of toxic substances along the waterbody. Conclusions It is concluded that Itupararanga reservoir has water with poor quality that could be related to the land uses around the reservoir. The comprehensive approach performed here - where distinct sources of monitoring variables was considered - despite the rapid protocol (one campaign), was enough to respond to the distinct anthropic impacts received by the reservoir. Considering it, this approach is recommended as a rapid diagnostic tool.

Parametric Effects of the Performance of Nanofiltration Membrane

2012 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Ayo Samuel Afolabi ◽  
Kazeem Oladele Sanusi ◽  
Ambali Saka Abdulkareem ◽  
Jaafar Bux Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Excessive Force ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Parametric Effects ◽  
Pressure Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Feed Temperature ◽  
Significant Positive Influence

The effects of pressure, concentration and feed temperature using a high pressure membrane filtration test rig capable of handling nanofiltration and reverse osmosis separation was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the applied pressure across the membrane has a significant positive influence on the flux produced and increasing the pressure will rupture the membrane if excessive force or pressure is applied. The high concentrations of solutes/molecules inhibit the flow of fluid through the membrane consequently lower fluxes and improved separation is and subsequently all variables, including their interactions, examined was found to be significant.

Horizontal Mobility of Heavy Metals from Dumpsite in North Central States, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
J.D. Bala ◽  
J.J. Musa ◽  
H.I. Mustapha ◽  
I.Y. Yerima ◽  
D.E. Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Central State ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
North Central ◽  
Uppermost Layer ◽  
High Concentrations

Industrialization and population growth has lead to the introduction of toxic substances into the environment as waste from manufacturing  processes. This study describes the horizontal mobility of this waste containing heavy metals from dump sites to the surrounding environment of North Central state, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected within the dumpsites and the immediate surrounding soil at distance of 10m and 20m away to assess the migration and potential bioavailability of Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu and Al. Total concentration of the heavy metals and their fractionation were determined. The results indicate that heavy metals are more concentrated in the uppermost layer with significant migration down the slope, thereby posing a threat to groundwater quality. In the fractions, the concentrations of the metals follow this sequence: Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn>Cr>Al. The mobility factors of the heavy metals are significantly high indicating high potential mobility and bioavailable forms of these heavy metals. The high concentrations of the heavy metals particularly Cr, as observed in the study is as a result of anthropogenic activities on enrichment of natural soil with bioavailable heavy metals. Consequently, there is a need to be cautious in the way waste that is generated from heavy metals sources is added to natural soil. Key words: Dump site; Environment; Heavy metals; Soil; Waste

Introduction to Problems of Candle Combustion in Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 923 ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Souček
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Human History ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Many

From the earliest times of human history are used portable light sources. First advanced devices were torches and candles, and then human population started using kerosene lamps and other more sophisticated portable light sources based on biology or electricity. Light source based on a chemical reaction has one common denominator and that is the release of fumes while fuel combustion. In these cases, it is the source of its own, which is referred to such bodies or substances in which structure is formed light. Nowadays, historically valuable buildings more often server different purpose than they were originally built. This change in use can lead to a significant influence on historical building and its life span. One of the many factors negatively affecting the life of monuments are fumes from candle combustion. Massive use of candles releases toxic substances into the environment, which in high concentrations can affect human health and can also damage due to chemical reactions historically valuable monuments

Environmental Benefit of Improving Wastewater Quality: A Shadow Prices Approach for Sensitive Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bellver-Domingo ◽  
F. Hernández-Sancho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Wastewater Quality

The use of effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as a non-conventional source of water for wetlands in arid and semi-arid regions is becoming the most-often sought solution for maintaining water flow in sensitive wetlands there. However, the managing effluent quality should be a requirement because excess nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) can generate eutrophication problems in wetlands. In the Mediterranean area in general, wetlands are strongly vulnerable to eutrophication, which is why they are classified as sensitive areas. Our study uses a data set from 24 WWTPs, effluents of which are discharged to wetlands in the coast of Community of Valencia. We use the shadow prices methodology to quantify the environmental avoided costs and the environmental benefit (both in monetary units) of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater effluent. The results highlight the importance of reducing these pollutants in WWTP effluents for maintaining the suitable water quality in wetlands. Our study demonstrates the potential for using shadow prices methodology for monetary valuation of environmental externalities in wetlands that use treated wastewater as a non-conventional water source.

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