scholarly journals A promising approach of reject water treatment using a tidal flow constructed wetland system employing alum sludge as main substrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2367-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
Y. Q. Zhao ◽  
S. P. Wang ◽  
X. C. Guo ◽  
Y. X. Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Alum Sludge

This study examined a novel reuse of alum sludge, an inescapable by-product of drinking water treatment process when aluminium salt is added as a coagulant, as the main medium in a laboratory-scale multi-stage constructed wetland (CW) system for reject water treatment. Such reject water is a main concern in municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) for increasing the organic and nutrient loading. A ‘tidal flow’ strategy was employed to enhance the wetland aeration to stimulate organic matters (OM) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (N) oxidation while the ‘step feed’ operation was adopted to supply the necessary amount of carbon source for denitrification. The results reveal that alum sludge acting as P adsorbent can secure the P removal. Meanwhile, high removals of N and OM can also be obtained due to the active bacteria growth on the alum sludge surface. The results show that average removal efficiencies of 65.4 ± 12.3% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 67.8 ± 9.2% for five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 33.6 ± 17.0% for N and 99.5 ± 0.49% for P can be achieved over a period of 190 days. This indicates that novel reuse of alum sludge as medium in CW system can provide a promising approach for reject water treatment. Therefore, it will significantly reduce the amount of pollutant feedback through reject water recycling in a MWWTP.

scholarly journals Two strategies for phosphorus removal from reject water of municipal wastewater treatment plant using alum sludge

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3181-3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
Y. Q. Zhao ◽  
A. O. Babatunde ◽  
P. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Alum Sludge

In view of the well recognized need of reject water treatment in MWWTP (municipal wastewater treatment plant), this paper outlines two strategies for P removal from reject water using alum sludge, which is produced as by-product in drinking water treatment plant when aluminium sulphate is used for flocculating raw waters. One strategy is the use of the alum sludge in liquid form for co-conditioning and dewatering with the anaerobically digested activated sludge in MWWTP. The other strategy involves the use of the dewatered alum sludge cakes in a fixed bed for P immobilization from the reject water that refers to the mixture of the supernatant of the sludge thickening process and the supernatant of the anaerobically digested sludge. Experimental trials have demonstrated that the alum sludge can efficiently reduce P level in reject water. The co-conditioning strategy could reduce P from 597–675 mg P/L to 0.14–3.20 mg P/L in the supernatant of the sewage sludge while the organic polymer dosage for the conditioning of the mixed sludges would also be significantly reduced. The second strategy of reject water filtration with alum sludge bed has shown a good performance of P reduction. The alum sludge has P-adsorption capacity of 31 mg-P/g-sludge, which was tested under filtration velocity of 1.0 m/h. The two strategies highlight the beneficial utilization of alum sludge in wastewater treatment process in MWWTP, thus converting the alum sludge as a useful material, rather than a waste for landfill.

scholarly journals Effect of Intermittent Aeration in a Hybrid Vertical Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (HyVAB) for Reject Water Treatment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Vasan Sivalingam ◽  
Carlos Dinamarca ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Sergey Kukankov ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Reject Water

Water from anaerobic sludge dewatering (reject water that is recycled to the inlet main process treatment) from the Knarrdalstrand municipal wastewater treatment plant in Porsgrunn, Norway, contains 2.4 g/L of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and 550 mg/L NH4-N (annual average). The high concentration of ammonium causes disturbances in the mainstream physical and chemical processes, while only a small fraction of the organics is biodegradable. A pilot-scale hybrid vertical anaerobic biofilm (HyVAB) reactor combining anaerobic and aerobic treatment was tested for reject water treatment to reduce process disturbances. The pilot HyVAB was prepared for the study with continuous aeration of the aerobic part of the reactor for 200 days, while two intermittent aeration schemes were applied during the three-month test period. Ammonium removal efficiency increased from 8% during the continuous aeration period to 50% at the end of the test when a short (7 min) aeration cycle was applied. COD removal was close to 20%, which was mainly obtained in the anaerobic stage and not significantly influenced by the aerations schemes. Simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification were established in the biofilm that alternated between aerobic and anoxic conditions. The observed high ammonium removal is explained by two alternative shortcut processes via nitrite. The lack of biodegradable organics in the aerated stage suggests that most of the nitrogen removal was via the anammox pathway (autotrophic denitrification). The HyVAB, combining an anaerobic sludge bed and an intermittently aerated biofilm, appears to be an efficient process to treat high ammonium containing reject water.

scholarly journals USING HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM IN THE TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahi & Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

 Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purpose can reduce high pressure on freshwater resources. A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) system filled with gravel and planted with Phragmites Australia was used to treat the real wastewater at Al-Rustumia wastewater treatment plant. Some characteristics of wastewater such as biochemical oxygen demand, phosphate and total suspended solids have been monitored from 15 January until 8 July 2018. The results proved that HSSF unit has a good efficacy in the reduction of previous parameters with removal of 84.2, 55.4 and 72.7% while sulphate and total dissolved solids were less removal efficiency with 3.3 and  0.99 % respectively. The measured values of these parameters were within the permissible limits suitable for irrigation purposes.

Effect of adding alum sludge from water treatment plant on sewage sludge dewatering

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Ting Ma ◽  
Ailan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Alum Sludge

Effect of surfactant on alum sludge conditioning and dewaterability

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruhsing Pan ◽  
C. Huang ◽  
C. Gang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Sludge Conditioning ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Co Precipitation

Sludge disposal has become a new challenge for the Taiwan government due to the increasing demand for better quality and greater quantity of water. In some water treatment plants, surfactant has been applied in the flotation process to improve its performance, which suggests the use of surfactant in sludge conditioning. In this study, effects of surfactants on the conditioning of the alum sludge collected from Feng-Yuan Water Treatment Plant were investigated. Surfactants of various charges, namely CTAB and SDS, were added to sludge samples in various amounts, and their effects on sludge dewaterability were evaluated. Surfactants were also added with either cationic or anionic polymers to better understand their effects on the mechanism of sludge conditioning and the feasibility as coagulant aid.Experimental results indicate that applying surfactants alone in sludge system decrease the filterability of sludge, but increase the sludge dewatering rate at optimum dosage. Cationic surfactant was proven possible as conditioning aid for the cationic polymer. The order of surfactant and polymer addition is the key to additive function. On the other hand, when the polymer of opposite charge was added with the surfactant, co-precipitation occurred which resulted in decreased filterability and dewaterability.

scholarly journals Recirculation of sludge-water in the water treatment process – a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Tomáš Kučera ◽  
Veronika Hanušová
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Waste Water Management ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Abstract This paper presents the results of the first phase of research that evaluates options for the optimization of waste-water management during water treatment. The research was conducted in a specific treatment plant, with surface-water sources, to verify the option of recirculating part of the sludge-water back to the beginning of the technological line and mixing this with a portion of raw water. An evaluation of risk factors is necessary for such treatment, as they could render the recirculation of the backwashing water impossible. The motivation behind this research lies in the potential savings of operating costs, particularly the costs of pumping raw water from a watercourse. This research evaluated data regarding the quality of both raw and processed water, focusing on six indicators – turbidity, color, chemical oxygen demand, and concentrations of aluminum, iron and manganese. The evaluation established through these factors indicates that the plan for returning a certain volume of sludge-water back into the process is possible and should cause no problems regarding the quality of drinking water produced. Based on the results of the first phase of this research, it is possible to recirculate up to 6% of overall raw-water volume back into the process.

Analysis of Plant and Soil from Alum Sludge Farm of Drinking Water Treatment Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Ooi Chong Hoe ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Noorhisham Tan Kofli ◽  
Mushrifah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Alum Sludge

scholarly journals The Efficiency and Reliability of Pollutant Removal in a Hybrid Constructed Wetland with Common Reed, Manna Grass, and Virginia Mallow

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Anna Dębska ◽  
Magdalena Gizińska-Górna ◽  
Aneta Pytka-Woszczyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Limit Values

In this paper, the pollutant removal efficiency and the reliability of a vertical and horizontal flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow were analyzed. The wastewater treatment plant, located in south-eastern Poland, treated domestic sewage at an average flow rate of 2.5 m3/d. The tests were carried out during five years of its operation (2014–2018). The following parameters were measured: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The results showed that more than 95% of BOD5, COD, and total phosphorus was removed in the tested CW system. The average effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids and total nitrogen exceeded 86%. A reliability analysis performed using the Weibull probability model showed that the removal reliability in the tested CW was very high for BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus (100%). The probability that the total nitrogen concentration in the treated effluents would reach the limit value (30 mg/L) established for effluents discharged from a treatment plant of less than 2000 PE (population equivalent) to standing waters was 94%. The values of all the pollution indicators in wastewater discharged to the receiver were significantly lower than the limit values required in Poland. The investigated hybrid CW system with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow guaranteed stable low values of BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus in the treated wastewater, which meant it was highly likely to be positively evaluated in case of an inspection.

scholarly journals Quantifying methane emissions from anaerobic digesters

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1661
Author(s):  
J. Tauber ◽  
V. Parravicini ◽  
K. Svardal ◽  
J. Krampe
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Flux Chamber ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Residual Gas

Abstract In this research, sources of methane emissions of an anaerobic digester (AD) system at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with 260,000 population equivalent (PE) capacity were detected by a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) camera. The located emissions were evaluated qualitatively and were documented with photographs and video films. Subsequently, the emission sources were quantified individually using different methods like the Flux-Chamber method and sampling from the digester's circulation pipe. The dissolved methane in the sludge digester was measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 6.8% oversaturation compared to the equilibrium after Henry's law was found. Additionally, the residual gas potential of the digestate was measured using batch tests with 10 days' additional stabilisation time. The PE-specific residual gas production of the full-scale AD was calculated to 12.4 g CH4/(PE · y). An extended chemical oxygen demand (COD) balance including methane emissions for the whole digester system was calculated. Also the measured methane loads were calculated and summed up. The total methane loss of the AD was calculated at 24.6 g CH4/(PE · y), which corresponds to 0.4% of the produced biogas (4,913 g CH4/(PE · y)). PE-specific methane emission factors are presented for each investigated (point) source like the sludge outlet at the digester's head, a leaking manhole sealing and cracks in the concrete structure.

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