Treatment of high loaded swine slurry in an aerobic granular reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1808-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Figueroa ◽  
A. Val del Río ◽  
J. L. Campos ◽  
A. Mosquera-Corral ◽  
R. Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Aerobic granular sludge grown in a sequential batch reactor was proposed as an alternative to anaerobic processes for organic matter and nitrogen removal from swine slurry. Aerobic granulation was achieved with this wastewater after few days from start-up. On day 140 of operation, the granular properties were: 5 mm of average diameter, SVI of 32 mL (g VSS)−1 and density around 55 g VSS (Lgranule)−1. Organic matter removal efficiencies up to 87% and nitrogen removal efficiencies up to 70% were achieved during the treatment of organic and nitrogen loading rates (OLR and NLR) of 4.4 kg COD m−3 d−1 and of 0.83 kg N m−3 d−1, respectively. However, nitrogen removal processes were negatively affected when applied OLR was 7.0 kg COD m−3 d−1 and NLR was 1.26 kg N m−3 d−1. The operational cycle of the reactor was modified by reducing the volumetric exchange ratio from 50 to 6% in order to be able to treat the raw slurry without dilution.

Start-up of an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of winery wastewater

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López–Palau ◽  
J. Dosta ◽  
J. Mata-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Start Up

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in order to remove the organic matter present in winery wastewater. The formation of granules was performed using a synthetic substrate. The selection parameter was the settling time, as well as the alternation of feast-famine periods, the air velocity and the height/diameter ratio of the reactor. After 10 days of operation under these conditions, the first aggregates could be observed. Filamentous bacteria were still present in the reactor but they disappeared progressively. During the start-up, COD loading was increased from 2.7 to 22.5 kg COD/(m3 day) in order to obtain a feast period between 30 and 60 minutes. At this point, granules were quite round, with a particle diameter between 3.0 and 4.0 mm and an average density of 6 g L−1. After 120 days of operation, synthetic media was replaced by real winery wastewater, with a COD loading of 6 kg COD/(m3 day). The decrease of the organic load implied a reduction of the aggregate diameter and a density increase up to 13.2 g L−1. The effluent was free of organic matter and the solids concentration in the reactor reached 6 g VSS L−1.

Study on Short-Cut Nitrification Aerobic Granular Sludge Cultivation and Carbon-Nitrogen Removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2305-2309
Author(s):  
Jing Xiang Fu ◽  
Yu Lan Tang ◽  
Xing Guan Ma ◽  
Yu Hua Zhao ◽  
Hai Biao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Seed Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal Rate

Acclimation of short-cut nitrification aerobic granular sludge with aerobic granular sludge and nitrification sludge as seed sludge in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR) by controlling the pH, influent ammonia concentration, temperature and other conditions. Experimental results showed that the short-cut nitrification aerobic granular sludge with high ammonia and COD removal rate (95%) was formed successfully, and SBR can run long-term stably. DO at 6.0~8.0mg/L when the nitrosation rate remained stable at 50% ~ 60%, and lower DO levels within the reactor (2.0~3.0mg/L) nitrosation rates of up to 90%. Mature short-cut nitrification aerobic granular sludge average diameter of 2~3mm in between, MLSS of up to 10.162g/L, SVI minimum up to 22.63ml/g, moisture content is only 81.93%, total nitrogen removal rate of 40%, and carbon-nitrogen removal capability.

Aerobic granulation in a mechanical stirred SBR: treatment of low organic loads

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mosquera-Corral ◽  
B. Arrojo ◽  
M. Figueroa ◽  
J. L. Campos ◽  
R. Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Organic Matter Oxidation

Aerobic granular sludge was produced in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) characterized by a height to diameter ratio of 2.5 and the use of mechanical stirring. Compact and regular aerobic granules of up to 1.75 mm of average diameter were formed in the reactor with an organic loading rate of 1.75 kg COD/(m3 d). Settling properties of the obtained aggregates were: sludge volumetric index of 30–40 mL/g VSS and settling velocity higher than 8 m/h. The effects of different carbon to nitrogen ratios (TOC/N) in the feeding on the organic matter oxidation and nitrification process were studied. The concentration of organic matter in the feeding was stepwise reduced (from 190.0 to 37.5 mg TOC/L) and ammonium increased (from 25 to 50 mg NH4+-N/L). TOC/N ratios of 7.50, 3.00, 1.50 and 0.75 g/g in the feeding were tested. The TOC removal percentage was around 80–95% during the whole operational period and the N removal percentages obtained in the reactor were up to 40%, however, physical properties of the granules were not maintained.

Assessment of Inocula and N-Removal Performance of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) for the Treatment of Aged Landfill Leachates

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2391-2398
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Gong Ming Zhou ◽  
Min Sheng Huang ◽  
Min Tong
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

Three kinds of seeding sludge, i.e. conventional activated sludge, anaerobic granular sludge and the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor treating aged leachates were evaluated in batch mode to screen the optimized inoculum for the rapid start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The feasibility of the ANAMMOX process for the treatment of aged leachates was also investigated in a modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB, 0.05m3). The batch experiments revealed that the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor could respectively achieve the NRR (nitrogen removal rate) of 0.0365 kg N/(m3.d) and the ARR (ammonium removal rate) of 0.013 kg N/(m3.d) on day 12, which were greatly higher than those of the other two tested sludge samples. The mixture of the aforementioned nitrifying activated sludge and anaerobic granular sludge was established as an effective inoculum for the prompt start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 0.826 kg N/(m3.d) could be obtained for the treatment of “old” leachates under NLR (nitrogen loading rate) of 1.028 kg N/(m3.d). It is concluded that the N-removal performance of ANAMMOX process is still to be improved for actual engineering application to aged landfill leachates.

Generation and properties of aerobic granular sludge

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Etterer ◽  
P. A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Heterotrophic Microorganisms ◽  
Average Porosity

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to investigate the generation of different granules cultured under aerobic and alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions. The reactor was fed with synthetic wastewater. A substrate loading rate of 3.6 kg COD/ (m3 day) was applied. Granules of heterotrophic microorganisms were formed. After the first experimental period of 8 weeks the average granule diameter was 3.2 mm. In the second period, alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions were applied to form granular sludge with an average diameter of 3.0 mm. An isopycnic centrifugation procedure was used to determine the characteristic density of the aerobic granular sludge. The average density of the granular sludge was 1.044 g/ml and 1.048 g/ml, respectively. In free-settling tests the final settling velocity of single aggregates was examined to estimate porosity. Settling velocities up to 2.0 cm/s could be measured. Calculations based on the experimental results showed an average granula porosity of 72% for the first run and 65% average porosity for the second run. This paper indicates the validity of general assumptions in free-settling tests.

Continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor for dairy wastewater treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bumbac ◽  
I. A. Ionescu ◽  
O. Tiron ◽  
V. R. Badescu
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The focus of this study was to assess the treatment performance and granule progression over time within a continuous flow reactor. A continuous flow airlift reactor was seeded with aerobic granules from a laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and fed with dairy wastewater. Stereomicroscopic investigations showed that the granules maintained their integrity during the experimental period. Laser diffraction investigation showed proof of new granules formation with 100–500 μm diameter after only 2 weeks of operation. The treatment performances were satisfactory and more or less similar to the ones obtained from the SBR. Thus, removal efficiencies of 81–93% and 85–94% were observed for chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand, respectively. The N-NH+4 was nitrified with removal efficiencies of 83–99% while the nitrate produced was simultaneously denitrified – highest nitrate concentration determined in the effluent was 4.2 mg/L. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was between 52 and 80% depending on influent nitrogen load (39.3–76.2 mg/L). Phosphate removal efficiencies ranged between 65 and above 99% depending on the influent phosphate concentration, which varied between 11.2 and 28.3 mg/L.

Characteristics of Nitrogen Removal in Aerobic Granular Sludge Reactor at Low Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1438-1441
Author(s):  
Rui Ling Bao ◽  
Lian Qing Xue ◽  
Xiao Ju Yan ◽  
Shui Li Yu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Effluent Concentration

An aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor was carried out at low temperature (101oC) to understand the characteristics of nitrogen removal. The results indicated that nitrification via nitrite could be achieved with an average nitrosation rate of 97.7%. Influent C/N ratio was an important factor influencing the accumulation of nitrite in the effluent. In the experinment, the reactor exhibited a higher removal efficiency for COD with the effluent concentration of COD ranged from 88.2% to 91.8%. In phase I which C/N ratio was 20:1, effluent concentration of ammonium was about 12.9mg/L with the removal efficiency of 77.0%. As the C/N ratio was reduced to 15:1 and 10:1, the effluent concentration of ammonium was around 0.5 mg/L. At the same time, nitrite in the effluent reached up to 21.0 mg/L when the influent COD concentration was induced from 1120mg/L to 560 mg/L with C/N ratio induced from 20:1 to 10:1, however nitrate concentration was remained around 0.4 mg/L throughout the whole experinment.

Aerobic granular sludge technology and nitrogen removal for domestic wastewater treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
L. B. Guimarães ◽  
T. R. V. Akaboci ◽  
R. H. R. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Granulation Process ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Average Size

This study evaluated aerobic granulation and nitrogen removal via assimilation, nitrification, and denitrification of a system fed with real domestic wastewater. The granulation process was complete after 160 days of operation. The mature granules had an almost spherical structure, an average size of 473.0 μm, and a good settling ability (SVI30 of 75.6 mL g−1). Ammonium assimilation for cell growth varied between 3.5 and 64.6% during reactor start-up. After granule formation, assimilation accounted for less than 5% and nitrogen was mainly removed by partial nitrification up to nitrite, followed by denitrification via nitrite. Average efficiencies of 86.6% for nitrification, 59.5% for denitrification, and 60.5% for total nitrogen were obtained in this period. The assimilation ability of the mature granules grown on domestic wastewater was lower than the commonly reported results obtained for synthetic granules.

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