Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acid species from the chlorination of algal organic matter and bromide

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Wei ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
R. H. Dai ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
J. J. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Reservoir Water

Bromide and algal pollution are important factors influencing disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation and speciation in reservoir water in coastal areas. In this study, the chlorination of model algal cellular compounds (bovine serum albumin, fish oil and starch), Microcystis aeruginosa and its extra-cellular organic matter (EOM) were conducted in the absence and presence of bromide. The main aim of the present study is to explore their potential as precursors for trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acid (HAAs) speciation upon chlorination in the presence of bromide. The results showed that all brominated THMs species were generated, whereas only bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA) or/and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) was/were produced as for brominated HAAs (Br-HAAs) from the three model compounds in the presence of bromide. The effect of bromide on Br-HAAs speciation upon fish oil chlorination was more evident than with BSA and starch. There was a good correlation between the species predicted from the model compounds and those obtained from specific algal species. Br-HAAs and Br-THMs species from Microcystis aeruginosa cells or EOM were the same as those from bovine serum albumin in the presence of bromide.

Radioimmunological and Chromatographic Properties of Tyrosine Methyl Ester Conjugates with Stereoisomeric Steroid Carboxy Derivatives

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Lapčík ◽  
Richard Hampl ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
Luboslav Stárka ◽  
Alexander Kasal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Anhydride ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Polyclonal Antisera

Pure 3Z (syn) and 3E (anti) stereoisomers of testosterone 3-[O-(2-carboxyethyl)]oxime were synthesized, separated by HPLC or TLC, and used for preparation of tyrosine methyl ester (TME) conjugates by using mixed anhydride or carbodiimide-N-hydroxysuccinimide methods. While the latter method provided more than 96% of product with retained configuration, the mixed anhydride method yielded a mixture containing 26-40% of the opposite stereoisomer. The stereoisomers were used as model compounds, to which the other steroid TMEs and the corresponding radioiodinated products could be aligned according to their chromatographic properties. The TME conjugates of 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oximes of seven 4-en-3-oxo steroids were further prepared by carbodiimide-N-hydroxysuccinimide method. With exception of cortisol, the stereoisomeric (Z and E) radioiodinated TME conjugates could be separated by TLC. In addition, the conjugates with TME and consequently radioiodinated tracers were synthesized from hemisuccinates of cortisol and its 11α-isomer, via 11β- and 11α-hydroxy group. The radioiodinated conjugates were tested as radioligands with rabbit polyclonal antisera raised by using position-homologous conjugates of the respective steroid carboxy derivatives with bovine serum albumin as immunogens. With the exception of 11-deoxycorticosterone, the stereoisomeric Z and E radioiodinated TMEs did not differ in their binding properties. In the case of isomeric cortisol tracers conjugated through position 11 the antisera recognized only the sterically homologous radioligands, but the specificity of the system was poor.

scholarly journals Empirical equation for the correction of fluorescence quenching of bovine serum albumin by Suwannee river natural organic matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornravee Saipetch ◽  
Rajendra Khanal ◽  
Chihiro Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Quenching Effect ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Suwannee River

Abstract Fluorescence quenching of protein-like substances by natural organic matter is a well-known phenomenon, but there are no known methods for correcting it. The main objective of this research was to develop empirical equation to correct the fluorescence quenching of different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA – 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 μmol/L (μM)) by Suwannee river natural organic matter (SWNOM - 0,2,4,6,8,10 mg-C/L) using the fluorescence titration method. The excitation emission matrix (EEM) data were analyzed by parallel factor analysis with inner filter effect removal. With increasing SWNOM concentration, BSA peak intensity quenching was in the range 29–85%, with a linear relationship for increment of either BSA or SWNOM concentration. A higher ratio of SWNOM to BSA resulted in greater BSA peak intensity quenching. The unquenched BSA peak (BSA (RU)) is given by the empirical equation. BSA (RU) = {2.052 × peak C (RU) + 2.522} × quenched peak T (RU)0.624 The calculated unquenched BSA peak intensities using the empirical equation agreed well with the actual unquenched peak values (R2 = 0.98, mean absolute error = 0.33 RU). The equation is expected to help in rapid estimation of the quenching effect of SWNOM on BSA.

Improvement of an artificial test substrate technique for evaluation of em immunocytochemical labeling

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
As If

We recently described an artificial substrate system which could be used to optimize labeling parameters in EM immunocytochemistry (ICC). The system utilizes blocks of glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine serum albumin (BSA) into which an antigen is incorporated by a soaking procedure. The resulting antigen impregnated blocks can then be fixed and embedded as if they are pieces of tissue and the effects of fixation, embedding and other parameters on the ability of incorporated antigen to be immunocyto-chemically labeled can then be assessed. In developing this system further, we discovered that the BSA substrate can also be dried and then sectioned for immunolabeling with or without prior chemical fixation and without exposing the antigen to embedding reagents. The effects of fixation and embedding protocols can thus be evaluated separately.

Stability of Prostacyclin in Human Plasma and Whole Blood: Studies on the Protective Effect of Albumin

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 645-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Orchard ◽  
C Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Krebs Solution ◽  
Antiaggregatory Activity ◽  
Free Plasma

SummaryThe biological half-life of prostacyclin in Krebs solution, human cell-free plasma or whole blood was measured by bracket assay on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. At 37°C, pH 7.4, plasma and blood reduced the rate of loss of antiaggregatory activity compared with Krebs solution. The protective effect of plasma was greater than that of whole blood. This effect could be partially mimicked by the addition of human or bovine serum albumin to the Krebs solution. The stabilisation afforded by human serum albumin was dependent on the fatty acid content of the albumin, although this was less important for bovine serum albumin.

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES AND OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND OVARIECTOMIZED FOWLS

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Chicken Ovary

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay was developed to measure the levels of oestrone and oestradiol in 0.5–1.0 ml of domestic fowl peripheral plasma. The oestrogens were extracted with diethyl ether, chromatographed on columns of Sephadex LH-20 and assayed with an antiserum prepared against oestradiol-17β-succinyl-bovine serum albumin using a 17 h incubation at 4°C. The specificity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy of the assays were satisfactory. Oestrogen concentrations were determined in the plasma of birds in various reproductive states. In laying hens the ranges of oestrone and oestradiol were 12–190 pg/ml and 29–327 pg/ml respectively. Levels in immature birds, in adult cockerels and in an ovariectomized hen were barely detectable. The mean concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol in the plasma of four non-laying hens (55 pg/ml and 72 pg/ml respectively) and one partially ovariectomized hen (71 pg/ml and 134 pg/ml respectively) were well within the range for laying hens. It is evident that the large, yolk-filled follicles are not the only source of oestrogens in the chicken ovary.

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