Sludge settleability detection using automated SV30 measurement and its application to a field WWTP

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
S. J. Choi ◽  
H. Bae ◽  
C. W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
On Line ◽  
Analysis Of The Images ◽  
Sludge Settling ◽  
Sludge Settleability

The need for automation & measurement technologies to detect the process state has been a driving force in the development of various measurements at wastewater treatment plants. While the number of applications of automation & measurement technologies to the field is increasing, there have only been a few cases where they have been applied to the area of sludge settling. This is because it is not easy to develop an automated operation support system for the detection of sludge settleability due to its site-specific characteristics. To automate the human operator's daily test and diagnosis works on sludge settling, an on-line SV30 measurement was developed and an automated detection algorithm on settleability was developed that imitated heuristics to detect settleability faults. The automated SV30 measurement is based on automatic pumping with a predefined schedule, the image capture of the settling test with a digital camera, and an analysis of the images to detect the settled sludge height. A sludge settleability detection method was developed and its applicability was investigated by field application.

Automatic buffer capacity based sensor for effluent quality monitoring

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
L. Van Vooren ◽  
P. Willems ◽  
J. P. Ottoy ◽  
G. C. Vansteenkiste ◽  
W. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
On Line

The use of an automatic on-line titration unit for monitoring the effluent quality of wastewater plants is presented. Buffer capacity curves of different effluent types were studied and validation results are presented for both domestic and industrial full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate monitoring of the effluent were established by using a simple titration device, connected to a data-interpretation unit. The use of this sensor as the activator of an effluent quality proportional sampler is discussed.

Upgrading to nutrient removal by means of internal carbon from sludge hydrolysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Prohaska Brinch ◽  
Kim Rindel ◽  
Kathryn Kalb
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Sludge Hydrolysis ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
On Line ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Due to the introduction of stricter nutrient effluent standards, many existing wastewater treatment plants performing only primary or secondary treatment are about to be upgraded. As the space available at the plants is, however, often limited, processes are required which will accommodate the need for increased treatment capacity without requiring much more space. In the hydrolysis of primary or pre-precipitated sludge direct-degradable organic carbon is produced which can speed up the reaction rate and increase both biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal. Full-scale tests with dosing of hydrolysate for biological P and N removal, respectively, have shown that this is a most viable process. The use of on-line monitoring has improved the process further.

Components of a model-based operation system for wastewater treatment plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Obenaus ◽  
Karl-Heinz Rosenwinkel ◽  
Jens Alex ◽  
Ralf Tschepetzki ◽  
Ulrich Jumar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Simulation Calculation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Main Components

This report presents the main components of a system for the model-based control of aerobic biological wastewater treatment plants. The crucial component is a model which is linked to the actual processes via several interfaces and which contains a unit which can immediately follow up the current process state. The simulation calculation of the model is based on data which are yielded by on-line measuring devices. If the sensors should fail at times, there are available a number of alternative concepts, some of which are based on the calculations of artificial neural networks or linear methods.

Experience with nutrient removal in a fixed-film system at full-scale wastewater treatment plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke R. Borregaard
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Total N ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
On Line

In the upgrade of wastewater treatment plants to include biological nutrient removal the space available is often a limiting facor. It may be difficult to use conventional suspended growth processes (i.e. activated sludge) owing to the relatively large surface area required for these processes. Recent years have therefore seen a revived interest in treatment technologies using various types of attached growth processes. The “new” attached growth processes, like the Biostyr process, utilise various kinds of manufactured media, e.g. polystyrene granules, which offer a high specific surface area, and are therefore very compact. The Biostyr plants allow a combination of nitrification-denitrification and filtration in one and the same unit. The results obtained are 8 mg total N/l and an SS content normally below 10 mg/l. The plants in Denmark which have been extended with a Biostyr unit have various levels of PLC control and on-line instrumentation.

Effects of sludge settling characteristics in the BNR system

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yun ◽  
W. Yo ◽  
Y. Yi ◽  
S. Choi ◽  
E. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Settling Tank ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Sludge Volume Index ◽  
Analytical Accuracy ◽  
Fast Settling ◽  
Sludge Settling ◽  
Extracellular Polymer ◽  
Sludge Settleability ◽  
Settling Characteristics

Although the BNR system design assumes no sludge settling problems in the final settling tank, the fluctuation of daily loading and up to 40% of anaerobiosis in the BNR system would be considerable factors in determining the sludge settleability. The sludge volume index (SVI) is a classical parameter to examine the sludge settleability but it has a limited value to evaluate the overall settling characteristics. The extracellular polymer (ECP) content in sludge has long been considered as an indicator of biological flocculation in activated sludge process, but the skepticism on analytical accuracy limits the usage in settling study. This study focused on evaluating the BNR system performance related to the sludge settling characteristics under the controlled laboratory environment. A 5-stage BNR system (anaerobic-anoxic-3 stage oxic) was operated with the HRTs from 3.9 to 7.6 hours. In order to determine the sludge settling properties, both SVI and ECP content were monitored. The ECP contents in the sludge sample were measured by the slime-washing step followed by high-G centrifugation and sonication. The gel-electrophoresis was used to detect the DNA in the sonicated samples to determine the intracellular polymer contamination. It has been found that the anaerobiosis in the anaerobic and anoxic zone that consisted of 37% of reactor volume could not deteriorate the sludge settling properties even at the HRT of 3.9 hours. The SVI values of sludge taken from the reactor with the HRT of 7.2 hours averaged to less than 50 mL/gr. It was postulated that a fast settling sludge in the BNR system could not always ensure production of clear effluent. The sludge with very low SVI might not achieve a complete biological flocculation potential. In addition, the degree of denitrification in the BNR system could be related to the sludge settleability.

scholarly journals Design of Vehicle License Monitoring System to Control Theft by using IOT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2174-2177
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
External Disturbance ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Automated Object Detection ◽  
Vehicle Movement

Smart transportation for urban cities can be done using Internet of Things (IOT). An automated object detection algorithm is used to identify the vehicle by using VLPR system. Identification of vehicle in heavy traffic or in parking lots is difficult and hence we propose a system by using RFID tags where the vehicle movement and vehicle license plate number can be obtained accurately. So by using IOT we can access the data from anywhere and the vehicle movement can be identified. Instead of using digital camera where due to external disturbance the images gets blurred, so we go for RFID where due to radio frequency transmission they stores the data. The performance of the device will not get degraded due to shadow noise, thunders and due to heavy speed. The main aim of proposed system is to check the vehicles license number and drivers vehicle license and to verify the vehicles RC book renewal.

scholarly journals Automated detection and association of surface waves

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. North ◽  
C. R. D. Woodgold
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Group Velocity ◽  
Rayleigh Waves ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Group Velocities

An algorithm for the automatic detection and association of surface waves has been developed and tested over an 18 month interval on broad band data from the Yellowknife array (YKA). The detection algorithm uses a conventional STA/LTA scheme on data that have been narrow band filtered at 20 s periods and a test is then applied to identify dispersion. An average of 9 surface waves are detected daily using this technique. Beamforming is applied to determine the arrival azimuth; at a nonarray station this could be provided by poIarization analysis. The detected surface waves are associated daily with the events located by the short period array at Yellowknife, and later with the events listed in the USGS NEIC Monthly Summaries. Association requires matching both arrival time and azimuth of the Rayleigh waves. Regional calibration of group velocity and azimuth is required. . Large variations in both group velocity and azimuth corrections were found, as an example, signals from events in Fiji Tonga arrive with apparent group velocities of 2.9 3.5 krn/s and azimuths from 5 to + 40 degrees clockwise from true (great circle) azimuth, whereas signals from Kuriles Kamchatka have velocities of 2.4 2.9 km/s and azimuths off by 35 to 0 degrees. After applying the regional corrections, surface waves are considered associated if the arrival time matches to within 0.25 km/s in apparent group velocity and the azimuth is within 30 degrees of the median expected. Over the 18 month period studied, 32% of the automatically detected surface waves were associated with events located by the Yellowknife short period array, and 34% (1591) with NEIC events; there is about 70% overlap between the two sets of events. Had the automatic detections been reported to the USGS, YKA would have ranked second (after LZH) in terms of numbers of associated surface waves for the study period of April 1991 to September 1992.

scholarly journals IoT Driven Automated Object Detection Algorithm for Urban Surveillance System in Smart City

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 1687-1691
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Automated Object Detection ◽  
Research Challenge

Automated object detection algorithm is an important research challenge in intelligent urban surveillance systems for Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities applications. In particular, smart vehicle license plate recognition and vehicle detection are recognized as core research issues of these IoTdriven intelligent urban surveillance systems. They are key techniques in most of the traffic related IoT applications, such as road traffic real-time monitoring, security control of restricted areas, automatic parking access control, searching stolen vehicles, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel unified method of automated object detection for urban surveillance systems. We use this novel method to determine and pick out the highest energy frequency areas of the images from the digital camera imaging sensors, that is, either to pick the vehicle license plates or the vehicles out from the images. The other sensors like flame and ultrasonic sensor are used to monitor nearby objects. Our proposed method can not only help to detect object vehicles rapidly and accurately, but also can be used to reduce big data volume needed to be stored in urban surveillance systems

scholarly journals An automated procedure for estimating the leaf area index (LAI) of woodland ecosystems using digital imagery, MATLAB programming and its application to an examination of the relationship between remotely sensed and field measurements of LAI

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigfredo Fuentes ◽  
Anthony R. Palmer ◽  
Daniel Taylor ◽  
Melanie Zeppel ◽  
Rhys Whitley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Modis Lai ◽  
Matlab Programming

Leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most important variables required for modelling growth and water use of forests. Functional–structural plant models use these models to represent physiological processes in 3-D tree representations. Accuracy of these models depends on accurate estimation of LAI at tree and stand scales for validation purposes. A recent method to estimate LAI from digital images (LAID) uses digital image capture and gap fraction analysis (Macfarlane et al. 2007b) of upward-looking digital photographs to capture canopy LAID (cover photography). After implementing this technique in Australian evergreen Eucalyptus woodland, we have improved the method of image analysis and replaced the time consuming manual technique with an automated procedure using a script written in MATLAB 7.4 (LAIM). Furthermore, we used this method to compare MODIS LAI values with LAID values for a range of woodlands in Australia to obtain LAI at the forest scale. Results showed that the MATLAB script developed was able to successfully automate gap analysis to obtain LAIM. Good relationships were achieved when comparing averaged LAID and LAIM (LAIM = 1.009 – 0.0066 LAID; R2 = 0.90) and at the forest scale, MODIS LAI compared well with LAID (MODIS LAI = 0.9591 LAID – 0.2371; R2 = 0.89). This comparison improved when correcting LAID with the clumping index to obtain effective LAI (MODIS LAI = 1.0296 LAIe + 0.3468; R2 = 0.91). Furthermore, the script developed incorporates a function to connect directly a digital camera, or high resolution webcam, from a laptop to obtain cover photographs and LAI analysis in real time. The later is a novel feature which is not available on commercial LAI analysis softwares for cover photography. This script is available for interested researchers.

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