Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Yodo River system, Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binaya Raj Shivakoti ◽  
Shuhei Tanaka ◽  
Shigeo Fujii ◽  
Nguyen Pham Hong Lien ◽  
Munehiro Nozoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
River System ◽  
Perfluorinated Compounds ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Composition Profile ◽  
The People ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Pfoa Concentration

There is increasing concern about occurrences of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the environment due to their persistent, bioaccumulation, and potentially toxic effects. We investigated contamination of 11 PFCs (C4-C12) in the Yodo River system, which is a major source of drinking water for more than 11 million people of Kansai region in Japan. PFCs were detected in higher concentration even exceeding more than 1000 ng/L in some cases. Composition profile of total PFCs concentration showed that PFOS, PFHxA, PFOA, and PFNA were occurring dominantly in the river system. PFOS and PFOA concentration were nearly proportional to a previous study in the same river system, indicating continuous sink of the compounds into the river system. Although discharge of PFCs from wastewater effluents at upstream could be one of the major point sources, concentration did not exceed 29.4 ng/L at the downstream of main Yodo River, possibly, due to dilution effects. Total mass load of PFCs in mainstream of Yodo River was estimated 451.7 g/d based on observed river discharge and PFCs concentration. Results showed that Yodo River system could have a unique upstream-downstream linkage of PFCs contamination and the river could be a continuous pathway of PFCs exposure to the people of Kansai region.

scholarly journals Hydrology influences breeding time in the white-throated dipper

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. K. Nilsson ◽  
Thomas Skaugen ◽  
Trond Reitan ◽  
Jan Henning L’Abée-Lund ◽  
Marlène Gamelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Window ◽  
River System ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Breeding Time

Abstract Background Earlier breeding is one of the strongest responses to global change in birds and is a key factor determining reproductive success. In most studies of climate effects, the focus has been on large-scale environmental indices or temperature averaged over large geographical areas, neglecting that animals are affected by the local conditions in their home ranges. In riverine ecosystems, climate change is altering the flow regime, in addition to changes resulting from the increasing demand for renewable and clean hydropower. Together with increasing temperatures, this can lead to shifts in the time window available for successful breeding of birds associated with the riverine habitat. Here, we investigated specifically how the environmental conditions at the territory level influence timing of breeding in a passerine bird with an aquatic lifestyle, the white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus. We relate daily river discharge and other important hydrological parameters, to a long-term dataset of breeding phenology (1978–2015) in a natural river system. Results Dippers bred earlier when winter river discharge and groundwater levels in the weeks prior to breeding were high, and when there was little snow in the catchment area. Breeding was also earlier at lower altitudes, although the effect dramatically declined over the period. This suggests that territories at higher altitudes had more open water in winter later in the study period, which permitted early breeding also here. Unexpectedly, the largest effect inducing earlier breeding time was territory river discharge during the winter months and not immediately prior to breeding. The territory river discharge also increased during the study period. Conclusions The observed earlier breeding can thus be interpreted as a response to climate change. Measuring environmental variation at the scale of the territory thus provides detailed information about the interactions between organisms and the abiotic environment.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal assimilation–interpolation of discharge records through inverse streamflow routing

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby K. Fisher ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Eric F. Wood
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
River System ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
River Network ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Discrete Observations ◽  
Observed Information ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. Poorly monitored river flows in many regions of the world have been hindering our ability to accurately estimate global water budgets as well as the variability of the global water cycle. In situ gauging sites, as well as a number of satellite-based systems, make observations of river discharge throughout the globe; however, these observations are often sparse due to, for example, the sampling frequencies of sensors or a lack of reporting. Recently, efforts have been made to develop methods to integrate these discrete observations to gain a better understanding of the underlying processes. This paper presents an application of a fixed interval Kalman smoother-based model, called inverse streamflow routing (ISR), to generate spatially and temporally continuous river discharge fields from discrete observations. The method propagates the observed information across all reachable parts of the river network (up/downstream from gauging point) and all reachable times (before/after observation time) using a two-sweep procedure that first propagates information backward in time to the furthest upstream locations (inverse routing) and then propagates it forward in time to the furthest downstream locations (forward routing). The ISR methodology advances prediction of streamflow in ungauged basins by accounting for a physical representation of the river system that is not generally handled explicitly in more-commonly applied statistically based models. The key advantages of this approach are that it (1) maintains all the physical consistencies embodied by a diffusive wave routing model (flow confluence relationships on the river network and the resulting mass balance, wave velocity, and diffusivity), (2) updates the lateral influx (runoff) at the pixel level (furthest upstream) to guarantee exhaustive propagation of observed information, and (3) works both with a first guess of initial river discharge conditions from a routing model (assimilation) and without a first guess (pure interpolation of observations). Two sets of experiments are carried out under idealized conditions and under real-world conditions provided by United States Geological Survey (USGS) observations. Results show that the method can effectively reproduce the spatial and temporal dynamics of river discharge in each of the experiments presented. The performance is driven by the density of the gauge network as well as the quality of the data being assimilated. We find that when assimilating the actual USGS observations, the performance decreases relative to our idealized scenario; however, we are still able to produce an improved discharge product at each validation site. With further testing, as well as global application, ISR may prove to be a useful method for extending our current network of global river discharge observations.

Removal of organic matter and nitrogen in an horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetland under transient loads

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1677-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Albuquerque ◽  
M. Arendacz ◽  
M. Gajewska ◽  
H. Obarska-Pempkowiak ◽  
P. Randerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Transient Loads

A monitoring campaign in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland under the influence of transient loads of flow-rate, organic matter, nitrogen and suspended solids showed an irregular removal of COD and TSS and lower both removal efficiencies and mass removal rates than the ones observed in other studies for similar operating conditions. This circumstance is associated to the presence of large amount of particulate organic matter from non-point sources. The mass removal rate of ammonia increased 39% as both the water and soil temperatures increased from weeks 1–8 to weeks 9–14. A good correlation between mass load and mass removal rate was observed for all measured parameters, which attests a satisfactory response of the bed under to transient loads.

River discharge, sedimentation, and benthic environmental variations in Miramichi Inner Bay, New Brunswick

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Schafer ◽  
J. N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River System ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tidal Circulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Sequential Studies

Sequential studies of benthonic foraminifera in the Miramichi estuary, New Brunswick over a 12 year period indicate that a "transitional" foraminiferal assemblage, which defines a zone of interaction of river and open bay environmental factors, has developed in Miramichi Inner Bay since 1964. Abundance variations of the transitional foraminiferal indicator species Ammotium cassis relative to Miliammina fusca (upper estuarine indicator) and Elphidium excavatum forma clavata (marginal marine indicator) in short cores suggest that the regional extent of this transitional thanatotope in the western part of Miramichi Inner Bay has varied considerably during the past 80–100 years. These changes appear to be related to total annual river discharge variations, competence of the Miramichi River system, and. possibly, changes in the tidal circulation pattern of bay water. Tidal circulation may have been altered by the location and cross-sectional area of several channels that occur between the barrier islands on the seaward side of the bay.

Perfluorinated compounds in sediments from the Daliao River system of northeast China

Chemosphere ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Bao ◽  
Yihe Jin ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xiaorong Ran ◽  
Zhixu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
River System ◽  
Perfluorinated Compounds ◽  
Daliao River System

Dynamics of phosphorus compounds in a lowland river system: Importance of retention and non-point sources

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars M. Svendsen ◽  
Brian Kronvang ◽  
Peter Kristensen ◽  
Peter Græsbøl
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Lowland River

scholarly journals Perceptions of Local Communities on Water Quality in Pagbanganan River, Baybay City, Leyte

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Kenee Labonite ◽  
◽  
Moises Neil Seriño ◽  
Beatriz Belonias ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
River System ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
The People ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City ◽  
Superstitious Beliefs ◽  
Water Quality Issue

Pagbanganan River is a river system that traverses several barangays in the city of Baybay. The river is important to the communities because of its various ecological uses. At this time, however, it is facing major threats which affect its water quality. This study was conducted to find out how the people living near the river utilize the water resources and to determine some economically important biological resources derived from the river. River-related problems, tradtional practices, superstitious beliefs and their perception on water quality were assessed. Personal interviews were conducted to gather data on household charateristics, water usage and assessment of water quality. The communities residing near the river for food and other services. Fish, shrimps, crabs and snails are among the many biological resources derived from the river. Most residents considered the river as important to them. Respondents generally believed that the river's water quality has been slowly deterioration. Overall findings suggest the need to raise public awareness on water quality issue to increase people's understanding and encourage them to adopt practices that can sustain the river's health.

scholarly journals Sustainable Rural Development and Water Resources Management on a Hilly Landscape: A Case Study of Gonglaoping Community, Taichung, ROC (Chinese Taipei)

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Chen-Fa Wu ◽  
Chen Yang Lee ◽  
Chen-Chuan Huang ◽  
Hao-Yun Chuang ◽  
Chih-Cheng Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
River System ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

AbstractThe Gonglaoping community is located in Central Western Taiwan, with approximately 700 residents. The hilly landscape contains farmlands and sloping areas with abundant natural resources. Locals rely on the Han River system and seasonal rainfall for water supply for domestic use and irrigation. Uneven rainfall patterns and high demand for water has led to the overuse of groundwater and conflicts among the people. The surrounding natural forests provide important ecosystem services, including wildlife habitats and water conservation, among others; however, overlap with human activities has brought threats to biodiversity conservation. Considering these challenges, locals were determined to transform their community towards sustainability. The Gonglaoping Industrial Development Association (GIDA) and the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (SWCB) joined hands to initiate the promotion of the Satoyama Initiative, playing catalytic roles in several implementations, such as establishing water management strategies based on mutual trust, rebuilding the masonry landscape, and economic development, forming partnerships with other stakeholders. This multi-stakeholder and co-management platform allowed the community to achieve transformative change, particularly in resolving conflicts of water use, restoring the SEPL, enhancing biodiversity conservation, and developing a self-sustaining economy.Achieving sustainability in a SEPL requires the application of a holistic approach and a multi-sector collaborating (community-government-university) platform. This case demonstrates a practical, effective framework for government authorities, policymakers and other stakeholders in terms of maintaining the integrity of ecosystems. With the final outcome of promoting a vision of co-prosperity, it is a solid example showing a win-win strategy for both the human population and the farmland ecosystem in a hilly landscape.

Modelling nitrate from agriculture into public water supplies

1990 ◽  
Vol 329 (1255) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
River System ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Main River ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of models and techniques are briefly reviewed within the context of the Thames nitrates study in which models were developed to assess impacts of agricultural practices on nitrate levels in the river system. Here a semi-distributed approach was adopted in which a series of component models was developed to simulate hydrological and chemical behaviour of the Thames River basin. These components included: ( a ) a daily hydrological model for the Thames basin, which included 17 tributary sub-catchments and several major aquifer systems. The model provided input flows such as tributaries, groundwater, surface runoff, effluent returns as well as abstraction flows; ( b ) a soil zone and aquifer model for calculating the nitrate concentrations of surface runoff and groundwater given a particular land-use and fertilizer application rate; ( c ) An integrated model of flow and water quality for the main river, which provided a mass balance along 22 reaches of the main river, allowed for denitrification processes and incorporated all inputs from the non-point sources derived by ( a ) and ( b ) above. Model results will be presented together with an assessment of the major problems of nitrate modelling and predictions, which occur within the hydrologically active soil zone.

Planform deviations in river channel alignment due to active landsliding in the High Himalaya of Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa de Palézieux ◽  
Kerry Leith ◽  
Simon Loew
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
River System ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slope Instabilities

<p>Large rock slope instabilities affect river channels both due to catastrophic failures and long-term creep. The relationship between rock slop instabilities and processes in the adjacent river system are typically assessed in terms of channel profile perturbations and cross-sectional morphology, e.g. excess topography. However, such relationships can also be evident in planform changes of the channel alignment, e.g. in landslide dams and long-term channel migration. Large scale creeping rock slope instabilities can be considered point sources which introduce sediment laterally to a river channel. In cases in which sediment production from one side of the channel exceeds that of the opposing side, the course of the river can be shifted towards the less active hillslope. The deviation of the channel from its original course may therefore be used as a proxy for relative sediment input of the two opposing hillslopes.</p><p>In order to characterize the planform morphology of the river channels, we treat them as signals fluctuating around a smoothed channel and use a fast Fourier transform to extract characteristic wavelengths and amplitudes of the stream network. We observe a consistent increase in amplitude of planform deviation with increasing wavelength with a variability of two orders of magnitude at the shortest wavelength (10<sup>1</sup> m) and less than one order of magnitude at longer wavelengths (10<sup>3</sup> m).</p><p>When comparing characteristic channel morphologies based on these analyses to the deviation of channels adjacent to mapped landslides, the amplitude of the deviation appears higher than those naturally occurring in the river system at wavelengths similar to twice the landslide width.</p>

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