Treatment of hospital wastewater effluent by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1691-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beier ◽  
S. Köster ◽  
K. Veltmann ◽  
H. Schröder ◽  
J. Pinnekamp
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Trace Pollutants

Considerable concern exists regarding the appearance and effects of trace and ultra trace pollutants in the aquatic environment. In this context, it is necessary to identify relevant hot spot wastewater – such as hospital wastewater – and to implement specific wastewater treatment solutions. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology seems to be a suitable pre-treatment approach for the subsequent advanced treatment by high pressure membrane systems such as nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). This paper is based upon investigations on the first full scale MBR for separate treatment of hospital wastewater in Germany. In this study an NF as well as an RO module for further treatment of the MBR filtrate were tested. The removal efficiencies were assessed using the following target compounds: bezafibrate, bisoprolol, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, telmisartan and tramadol. In summary, the results of this study confirmed that MBR technology followed by an advanced treatment for trace pollutant removal is an adequate approach for specific treatment of hot spot wastewater such as hospital wastewater. In particular, it was shown that – comparing the tested NF and RO – only (a two stage) RO is appropriate to remove pharmaceutical residues from hospital wastewater entirely. The recommended yield of the 2-stage RO is 70% which results in a retentate sidestream of 9%. Our investigations proved that RO is a very efficient treatment approach for elimination of trace pollutants.

MBR technology: a promising approach for the (pre-)treatment of hospital wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1648-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beier ◽  
C. Cramer ◽  
C. Mauer ◽  
S. Köster ◽  
H. Fr. Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Polluted Wastewater ◽  
Trace Pollutants

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is a very reliable and extensively tested solution for biological wastewater treatment. Nowadays, separate treatment of highly polluted wastewater streams especially from hospitals and other health care facilities is currently under investigation worldwide. In this context, the MBR technology will play a decisive role because an effluent widely cleaned up from solids and nutrients is absolutely mandatory for a subsequent further elimination of organic trace pollutants. Taking hospital wastewater as an example, the aim of this study was to investigate to what extent MBR technology is an adequate ‘pre-treatment’ solution for further elimination of trace pollutants. Therefore, we investigated – within a 2-year period – the performance of a full-scale hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) equipped with a MBR by referring to conventional chemical and microbiological standard parameters. Furthermore, we measured the energy consumption and tested different operating conditions. According to our findings the MBR treatment of the hospital wastewater was highly efficient in terms of the removal of solids and nutrients. Finally, we did not observe any major adverse effects on the operation and performance of the MBR system which potentially could derive from the composition of the hospital wastewater. In total, the present study proved that MBR technology is a very efficient and reliable treatment approach for the treatment of highly polluted wastewater from hospitals and can be recommended as a suitable pre-treatment solution for further trace pollutant removal.

scholarly journals Phycoremediation of Landfill Leachate with Desmodesmus subspicatus: A Pre-Treatment for Reverse Osmosis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Marina Kholomyeva ◽  
Radek Vurm ◽  
Lucia Tajnaiová ◽  
Marek Šír ◽  
Mariya Maslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Membrane Selectivity ◽  
Desmodesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Remediation Efficiency ◽  
Ecotoxicity Tests ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Reverse osmosis is widely used as one of the most effective and advanced technologies for the treatment of leachate from landfill sites. Unfortunately, high leachate contamination—above all, ammonia nitrogen—affects membrane selectivity and is reflected in permeate quality. Furthermore, iron contained in leachate can facilitate chelates forming, which reduces the membrane anti-fouling capacity. The addition of a pre-treatment step could alleviate the adverse impact of the pollutants. As such, we investigated pollutant removal by phycoremediation. Initial ecotoxicity tests of three algal strains (Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus), Desmodesmus subspicatus (D. subspicatus), and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris)) identified D. subspicatus as the strain most tolerant to leachate toxicity. Subsequently, D. subspicatus was cultivated in six landfill leachates of different origin and, after the cultivation, removal rates were determined for ammonia nitrogen and iron. Furthermore, the impact of input leachate parameters on remediation efficiency was also investigated. By phycoremediation, the reduction of up to 100% in iron and 83% in ammonia nitrogen load was achieved, which demonstrates the high potential of microalgae to mitigate environmental risks and reduce membrane foulant content.

scholarly journals Bipolar Dislocation of the Clavicle: A Report of Two Cases with Different Injury Patterns and a Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Okano ◽  
Takatoshi Sawada ◽  
Katsunori Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Acromioclavicular Joint ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Sternoclavicular Joint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Dislocation ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Rare Injury

Bipolar dislocation of the clavicle is a rare injury that is defined as a concomitant dislocation of the ipsilateral acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint. This injury is also described as a floating clavicle. Although this injury has been known for nearly two centuries, knowledge about it is limited and the treatment strategy remains controversial. Bipolar dislocation includes several combinations of both joints’ injury types. We reported two patients with bipolar dislocation of the clavicle: one with an anterior dislocation and the other with a posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint. After reviewing the currently available literature, we discussed these cases to highlight the necessity of a specific treatment approach that is modified based on the pattern of each joint’s lesion.

scholarly journals Novel pre-treatment method for seawater reverse osmosis: Fibre media filtration

Desalination ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Lee ◽  
M.A.H. Johir ◽  
K.H. Chinu ◽  
H.K. Shon ◽  
S. Vigneswaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pre Treatment

Measuring General Expectations of Advanced Stage Treatment Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Loftus ◽  
Chloe Nielsen ◽  
Emily J. Corti ◽  
Sergio Starkstein ◽  
Natalie Gasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Treatment Expectations ◽  
Client Expectations ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Deep Brain

Background: Recent research suggests that a significant number of those who receive advanced treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD) do not report improvements for some symptoms, which may relate to their pre-treatment expectations. It is important that expectations of treatment are measured and discussed prior to advanced treatment. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to develop a measure of treatment expectations of two advanced-stage treatments in PD, deep brain stimulation (DBS), and Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG). A secondary aim was to explore potential predictors of treatment expectations. Methods: The questionnaire-based measure was developed by researchers in conjunction with a highly experienced clinician, and evaluated treatment expectations in 189 people aged 46–91 years (M = 71.35, SD = 8.73; 61% male) with idiopathic PD. Results: The overall measure demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α= 0.96). Exploratory factor analysis suggested the scale was unidimensional for both DBS and LCIG. Participant expectations of the two treatments differed significantly, with expectations being higher for DBS. Perceived symptom severity was the strongest predictor of treatment expectations. Conclusion: This scale has potential to inform clinicians about client expectations prior to advanced stage therapy for PD, with a view to the management of these expectations. Further evaluation of the scale is required across different treatment contexts.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Interleukin-10 Levels in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with/without Allergy

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Abdul Qadar Punagi ◽  
Sutji Pratiwi Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Persistent Problem

BACKGROUND: Rhinosinusitis occurs when the lining of the nasal and sinuses gets inflamed, infected or irritated, become swollen, and create extra mucus, the swollen lining may also interfere with drainage of mucus. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a more persistent problem that requires a specific treatment approach. Aim of this study was to determine changes in interleukin (IL)-10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokines in allergic and non-allergic CRS at Makassar. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was designed to assess the level of IL-10 for three times during two weeks of therapy. Medication of Cefadroxil 500 mg 2x1, Pseudoephedrine 30 mg 2x1, Terfenadine 40 mg 2x1 and Methylprednisolone 4 mg 3x1, was conducted during two weeks for 13 subjects in allergic CRS group and 12 subjects in non-allergic CRS group. Results were statistically analyzed with student t-test and paired t-test.RESULTS: The changes in levels of IL-10 in allergic CRS group were increased, but not significant (5.293 to 5.769, p=0.058), and in non-allergic CRS group were decreased, but not significant (6.125 to 5.475, p=0.103). CONCLUSION: The serum levels of IL-10 were not significant increased in allergic CRS group and not significant decreased in non-allergic CRS group. KEYWORDS: interleukin-10, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergy, cefadroxil, pseudoephedrine, terfenadine, methylprednisolone

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