Using remotely sensed imagery to estimate potential annual pollutant loads in river basins

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Kazuo Oki ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Taikan Oki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Land cover changes around river basins have caused serious environmental degradation in global surface water areas, in which the direct monitoring and numerical modeling is inherently difficult. Prediction of pollutant loads is therefore crucial to river environmental management under the impact of climate change and intensified human activities. This research analyzed the relationship between land cover types estimated from NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery and the potential annual pollutant loads of river basins in Japan. Then an empirical approach, which estimates annual pollutant loads directly from satellite imagery and hydrological data, was investigated. Six water quality indicators were examined, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), suspended sediment (SS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The pollutant loads of TN, TP, SS, BOD, COD, and DO were then estimated for 30 river basins in Japan. Results show that the proposed simulation technique can be used to predict the pollutant loads of river basins in Japan. These results may be useful in establishing total maximum annual pollutant loads and developing best management strategies for surface water pollution at river basin scale.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality Assessment of Aba Waterside River, Aba, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
L. O. Bobor ◽  
C. M. Umeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
The Impact

The indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents and solid wastes in surface water bodies is detrimental to humans and aquatic organisms. Water quality monitoring is critical to identify pollutants of concern and develop effective management strategies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the impact of waste disposal on the water quality of Aba Waterside River, Ogbor hill, Aba. Grab samples were collected upstream, midstream and downstream and some physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater. The results were compared with the Nigerian standard for drinking water quality and the national environmental effluent limitation regulations. Turbidity levels (10 -31mg/l) exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water (5mg/l) and may be associated with higher levels of embedded disease-causing microbes and potentially harmful organic and inorganic substances. The biological oxygen demand midstream (1960mg/l) was remarkably high due to the effluent discharged from the abattoirs at that point. Fecal coliforms (3-198MPN/100ml) were detected in all samples, indicating the presence of other potentially harmful microorganisms. The findings of this study indicate that the water is unsuitable for direct drinking water purposes and stringent water quality control measures should be implemented.

Public perception and water quality management

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. House
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
The Impact

The visual and odorous characteristics of the environment tend to be those which have the greatest impact upon the public's assessment of environmental quality. In many cases the public's perception of water quality may be based entirely on these aesthetic aspects of a water environment. Those responsible for the management of surface water quality recognise the need to apply a range of management strategies including a consideration of the public's perception of water quality and the impact of this upon their use of rivers and beaches for recreation and amenity. This paper reports upon the results from a recent investigation into the impact of sewage derived litter on perceived water and environmental quality.

scholarly journals Exploring the Connections between Land Use and Transportation: A Case Study of Shaheb Bazar to Rail Gate Road, Rajshahi City

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulal Sarker ◽  
Abdur Rouf Khan ◽  
Muhaiminul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rajshahi City

Abstract Land use-transportation comprehensive planning has become an increasingly common technique in regional and sub-regional planning processes. Since land use management strategies act as an effective tool to achieve transportation planning objectives, it is important to identify the relationship between land use pattern and travel behaviour. This study examined the relationship between transportation and land use in Rajshahi city. Rajshahi is a major urban, commercial and educational centre of Bangladesh. In Rajshahi, Shaheb bazaar zero points to New Market road is one of the most important roads. After construction of this road in 2013 intense development has taken place beside it. To identify this primary relationship data has been collected from different types of field survey. Then the impact of land use and transportation has been determined by comparing with the previous database. The findings of the study show that there exist a reciprocal relationship between land use and transportation system and the impacts on both. The study also notes that the impact of transportation on land use is more than the impact of land use on transportation. The study will help to control the haphazard growth and traffic congestion of the concerned area in the future.

scholarly journals The impact of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the variability of Escherichia coli in rivers in southwest Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Majedul Islam ◽  
Md. Atikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Faecal contamination of surface water sources is an important water quality issue worldwide. Although quite a few studies exist on surface water faecal contamination and variability of indicator bacteria, most of the studies have been based on larger river basins and in temperate region. The variability is relatively unknown in local scale and in tropical developing countries. In this study we assess how anthropogenic and environmental factors affect faecal contamination and physicochemical parameters in Rupsha and Bhairab rivers around Khulna city, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from six locations of the rivers during a wet and dry period in 2018 to measure Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations. Water physicochemical parameters—temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were also measured. Higher concentrations of E. coli were found in the sampling sites located near the densely populated urban area compared to the downstream site, which receives fewer amounts of discharges from sewer drains. All the E. coli samples violated bathing water quality standards. E. coli concentrations were found to be correlated positively with precipitation and turbidity. A linear regression model was applied, that explains large part of the variation in E. coli concentration (R2 = 0.42). Water quality index assessment was also ranked the water quality as ‘poor’ category; indicate that the water is unsuitable for uses in domestic and recreational purposes and high health risks involved with the water use. The study findings highlight the problem of untreated sewage discharge into the rivers. Implementation of sewage treatment plant with adequate capacity is highly recommended.

scholarly journals LETTER TO THE EDITOR: COVID-19 AND THE CHALLENGES OF FRAILTY SCREENING IN OLDER ADULTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O’Caoimh ◽  
S. Kennelly ◽  
E. Ahern ◽  
S. O’Keeffe ◽  
R.R. Ortuño
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recent Editorial ◽  
The Relationship

We read with interest the recent editorial examining the relationship between geriatric syndromes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of Covid-19 (1), particularly the authors recognition of the need to identify frailty among older adults presenting with suspected symptoms and the importance of mobilising a range of healthcare professionals to tackle this disease (1). However, the identification of frailty and the utilisation of screening instruments by those without geriatric training and especially in acute care is challenging. Frailty is a complex condition. While age-associated, it is multi-dimensional and remains difficult to define (2). Although the Covid-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected older adults (1), data are lacking and pathophysiological mechanisms and the impact of differential management strategies on the course of the disease among older adults is uncertain (1). Further, the prevalence of frailty among those diagnosed, admitted or dying is not clearly reported at present. Nevertheless, the rationale for using frailty to identify those at risk and to allocate care has been correctly highlighted (1). We suggest however, that the use of instruments such as the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) (3) and particularly by non-specialised staff in this setting warrants more careful examination.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Spatial Association between Land Use Change and Ecosystem Services Value: A Case Study in Xi’an, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4449
Author(s):  
Yajing Shao ◽  
Xuefeng Yuan ◽  
Chaoqun Ma ◽  
Ruifang Ma ◽  
Zhaoxia Ren
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gwr Model ◽  
The Relationship

The impact of land use and land cover (LULC) change on ecosystem services value (ESV) varies in different spatial locations. Although many studies have focused on quantifying the effect of LULC change on ESV, few have considered the spatial heterogeneity of the relationship between LULC change and ESV. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between ESV and LULC change from a spatial perspective in Xi’an City. We divide the study area into 10,522 grid cells, based on land cover data from 2000 to 2018, and we identify the spatial-temporal dynamics of LULC change. Next, we employ the Benefits Transfer Method (BTM) to evaluate the ESV, and the ESV is corrected by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model are used to assess the spatial association of LULC change and ESV. The results show that the total ESV loss is 6.57 billion yuan (Chinese yuan), and the loss rate is 12.18%. The distribution of ESV shows an obvious spatial heterogeneity, and the low-value area of ESV expands eastward from the main urban area. More than 50% of total ESV is provided by woodland. From 2000 to 2018, the land use pattern in Xi’an underwent a significant change with the developed land increasing by 64.09%, whereas farmland decreased by 12.49%. Based on the GWR model, the relationship between LULC change and ESV in Xi’an showed a significant negative association and spatial heterogeneity. Our study results provide a new way to effectively identify the relationship between LULC change and ESV, and in turn, to fully understand the ecological trends at the regional scale, laying a foundation for regional sustainable development.

The Maya and Environmental Stress from Past to Present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jobbová
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Using a range of evidence from archaeology, ethnography, paleoclimatology and epigraphy this work explores the relationship between Maya society and the local environment; it does so by looking at the impact of different environmental conditions on settlement patterns, subsistence and water management strategies and human responses to climate and environmental stress.

Clustering analysis for the hydro-geomorphometric characterization of the George River watershed (Nunavik, Canada)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot Sicaud ◽  
Jan Franssen ◽  
Jean-Pierre Dedieu ◽  
Daniel Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Fcm Algorithm ◽  
Water Cover ◽  
George River ◽  
The Impact

<p>For remote and vast northern watersheds, hydrological data are often sparse and incomplete. Fortunately, remote sensing approaches can provide considerable information about the structural properties of watersheds, which is useful for the indirect assessment of their hydrological characteristics and behavior. Our main objective is to produce a high-resolution territorial clustering based on key hydrologic landscape metrics for the entire 42 000 km<sup>2</sup> George River watershed (GRW), located in Nunavik, northern Québec (Canada). This project is being conducted in partnership with the local Inuit communities of the GRW for the purpose of generating and sharing knowledge to anticipate the impact of climate and socio-environmental change in the GRW.</p><p>Our clustering approach employs Unsupervised Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GeOBIA) applied to the entire GRW with the subwatersheds as our objects of analysis. The landscape metric datasets used to generate the input variables of our GeOBIA classification are raster layers with a 30m x 30m pixel resolution. Topographic metrics are derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and include elevation, slopes, aspect, drainage density and watershed elongation. Land cover spectral metrics comprised in our analysis are the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) (Gao, 1996) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) (McFeeters, 1996), which are all computed from a Landsat-8 cloud-free surface reflectance mosaic dating from 2015. Rasterized maps of surface deposit distribution and permafrost distribution, both produced by the Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs of Québec (MFFP), respectively constitute the surface and subsurface metrics of our GeOBIA.</p><p>The clustering algorithm used in this Unsupervised GeOBIA is the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm. The FCM algorithm provides the objects a set of membership coefficients corresponding to each cluster. The greatest membership coefficient is then used to attribute the distinct subwatersheds to a cluster of watersheds with similar hydro-geomorphometric characteristics. The classification returns a Fuzzy Partition Coefficient (FPC), which describes how well-partitioned our dataset is. The FPC can vary greatly depending on the number of clusters we want to produce. Thus, we find the optimal number of clusters by maximizing the FPC.</p><p>Preliminary clustering results, computed only with topographic and land cover metrics, have identified two distinct watershed classes/clusters. In general, “Type 1” subwatersheds are clustered over the southern and northwestern portion of the GRW and are characterized by low to moderate elevation, high vegetation cover, high moisture and high surface water cover. Whereas “Type 2” subwatersheds located over the northeastern portion of the GRW are characterized by high elevation, low vegetation cover, low moisture and low surface water cover. These results will be refined with the use of additional metrics and will provide the detailed understanding necessary to assess how the hydrological regime of the river and its tributaries will respond to climate change, and how landscape change and human activities (e.g., planned mining development) may impact the water quality of the George River and its tributaries.</p>

scholarly journals 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazzareno Galiè ◽  
Marc Humbert ◽  
Jean-Luc Vachiery ◽  
Simon Gibbs ◽  
Irene Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
The Impact

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all available evidence on a particular issue at the time of the writing process, with the aim of assisting health professionals in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk–benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines and recommendations should help health professionals to make decisions in their daily practice. However, the final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s) in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate.

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