Acquiring reproducible fluorescence spectra of dissolved organic matter at very low concentrations

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. H. Peiris ◽  
H. Budman ◽  
C. Moresoli ◽  
R. L. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fibre Optic Probe ◽  
On Line ◽  
Optic Probe ◽  
Membrane Treatment ◽  
Concentration Levels

A method that would allow for fast and reliable measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM), both at low and high concentration levels would be a valuable tool for online monitoring of DOM. This could have applications in a variety of areas including membrane treatment systems for drinking water applications which is of interest to our group. In this study, the feasibility of using fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring DOM at very low concentration levels was demonstrated with an emphasis on optimizing the instrument parameters necessary to obtain reproducible fluorescence signals. Signals were acquired using a cuvette or a fibre optic probe assembly, the latter which may have applications for on-line or in-line monitoring. The instrument parameters such as photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltage, scanning rate and slit width were studied in detail to find the optimum parameter settings required. The results showed that larger excitation and emission slit widths were preferred, over larger PMT voltage or lower scanning rates, to obtain reproducible and rapid measurements when measuring very low concentration levels of DOM. However, this approach should be implemented with caution to avoid any reduction of the signal resolution.

scholarly journals Effects of sulfonamide antibiotics on digestion performance and microbial community during swine manure anaerobic digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaona Wang ◽  
Kang Du ◽  
Rongfang Yuan ◽  
Huilun Chen ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Sulfonamide Antibiotics ◽  
High Concentration

The effects of four types of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs), including sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxydiazine and sulfathiazole, on the digestion performance during anaerobic digestion process were studied using a lab-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, and the changes of the community structure in the presence of SAs were investigated with the help of high throughput sequencing. The results indicated that when SAs were added, the hydrolytic acidification process was inhibited, and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was induced, resulting in the suppression of methane production. However, the inhibition mechanism of different SAs was quite different. The inhibitory effect of high concentration of SAs on the hydrolysis of solid particulate matter into dissolved organic matter followed the order of sulfaquinoxaline > sulfamethoxydiazine > sulfathiazole > sulfamethoxazole. SAs have obvious inhibitory effects on acidification and methanation of dissolved organic matter, especially sulfathiazole. The richness and the community composition of the microorganism including bacteria and archaea in the digestion system were affected by SAs. Under the effect of SAs, the relative abundance of many microorganisms is negatively correlated with methane production, among which Methanobrevibacter, a kind of Archaea, had the greatest influence on methane production.

Automated microextraction sample preparation coupled on-line to FT-ICR-MS: application to desalting and concentration of river and marine dissolved organic matter

2009 ◽  
Vol 395 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Morales-Cid ◽  
Istvan Gebefugi ◽  
Basem Kanawati ◽  
Mourad Harir ◽  
Norbert Hertkorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
On Line ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

scholarly journals Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter on Agglomeration and Removal of CuO Nanoparticles by Coagulation

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ali Inam ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Ahmed Uddin ◽  
Sarfaraz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Excess Charge ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Coagulation Process

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), such as copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), are emerging as pollutants extensively used in many commercial and industrial applications, thus raising environmental concerns due to their release into water bodies. It is, therefore, essential to remove these pollutants from water bodies in order to minimize the potential threat to the aquatic environment and human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of CuO NPs from waters by the coagulation process. This study also explored the efficiency of coagulation to remove hydrophobic/hydrophilic dissolved organic matter (DOM) and turbidity with varying polyaluminum chloride (PACl) doses. According to the results, a high concentration of DOM affects both the CuO NPs zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter, thereby decreasing the agglomeration behavior. At effective coagulation zone (ECR), high removal of CuO NPs (>95%) was observed for all studied waters (hydrophobic and hydrophilic waters), above ECR excess charge induced by coagulant restabilized particles in solution. Furthermore, waters containing hydrophobic DOM and those with high UV254nm values needed more coagulant dose than hydrophilic waters to obtain similar CuO NP removals. The primary mechanism involved in CuO NPs removal might be charge neutralization. These findings suggest that PACl is an effective coagulant in the removal of CuO NPs; however, water characteristics are an influencing factor on the removal performance of ENMs during the coagulation process.

On-Line Monitoring of Melt-Extrusion Transesterification of Ethylene Vinylacetate Copolymers by near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Furukawa ◽  
Yasuo Kita ◽  
Shigehiro Sasao ◽  
Kimihiro Matsukawa ◽  
Masahiro Watari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Melt Extrusion ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Fibre Optic Probe ◽  
On Line ◽  
Significant Intensity ◽  
Optic Probe

The melt-extrusion transesterification of ethylene/vinylacetate (EVA) copolymer to ethylene/vinylalcohol (EVAL) copolymers has been monitored by on-line near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A total of 60 NIR spectra were measured within 37 minutes after the initial addition of octanol (reagent) and catalyst (sodium methoxide) at the exit of the extruder by use of a fibre-optic probe. The most significant intensity change is observed for a band at 7089 cm−1 due to the first overtone of an OH stretching mode of the EVAL copolymers. We can monitor the progress of the reaction by plotting the peak intensity at 7089 cm−1 only. A principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out for the series of NIR spectra in the 7300–6900 cm−1 region. A score plot of PCA factor 1 is almost identical with the plot of the peak intensity at 7089 cm−1. Calibration models for predicting the vinyl acetate content in EVA copolymers have been developed by use of partial least squares (PLS) regression. The correlation coefficient and standard error of prediction are 0.96 and 0.85%, respectively, indicating that the described technique can be used to monitor the transesterification reaction.

On-line determination of fatty acid composition in intramuscular fat of Iberian pork loin by NIRs with a remote reflectance fibre optic probe

Meat Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. González-Martı́n ◽  
C. González-Pérez ◽  
N. Alvarez-Garcı́a ◽  
J.M. González-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Fibre Optic Probe ◽  
On Line ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Optic Probe

On-line non-destructive determination of proteins and infiltrated fat in Iberian pork loin by near infrared spectrometry with a remote reflectance fibre optic probe

2002 ◽  
Vol 453 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada González-Martı́n ◽  
Claudio González-Pérez ◽  
Jesús Hernández-Méndez ◽  
Noelia Alvarez-Garcı́a ◽  
José-Luis Hernández Andaluz
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Fibre Optic Probe ◽  
On Line ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Optic Probe ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Bottled aqua incognita: Microbiota assembly and dissolved organic matter diversity in natural mineral waters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine C. Lesaulnier ◽  
Craig W. Herbold ◽  
Claus Pelikan ◽  
David Berry ◽  
Cédric Gérard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Abundant Otus ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Molecules

ABSTRACTBackgroundNon-carbonated natural mineral waters contain microorganisms that regularly grow after bottling despite low concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Yet, the compositions of bottled water microbiota and organic substrates that fuel microbial activity, and how both change after bottling, are still largely unknown.ResultsWe performed a multifaceted analysis of microbiota and DOM diversity in twelve natural mineral waters from six European countries. 16S rRNA gene-based analyses showed that less than ten species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) dominated the bacterial communities in the water phase and associated with the bottle wall after a short phase of post-bottling growth. Members of the betaproteobacterial genera Curvibacter, Aquabacterium, and Polaromonas (Comamonadaceae) grew in most waters and represent ubiquitous, mesophilic, heterotrophic aerobes in bottled waters. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry of DOM in bottled waters and their corresponding source waters identified thousands of molecular formulae characteristic of mostly refractory, soil-derived DOM.ConclusionsThe bottle environment, including source water physicochemistry, selected for growth of a similar low-diversity microbiota across various bottled waters. Relative abundance changes of hundreds of multi-carbon molecules were related to growth of less than ten abundant OTUs. We thus speculate that individual bacteria cope with oligotrophic conditions by simultaneously consuming diverse DOM molecules.

scholarly journals Composition and cycling of dissolved organic matter from tropical peatlands of coastal Sarawak, Borneo, revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and PARAFAC analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongli Zhou ◽  
Patrick Martin ◽  
Moritz Müller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Peatlands ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. Southeast Asian peatlands supply ~ 10 % of the global flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from land to the ocean, but the biogeochemical cycling of this peat-derived DOC in coastal environments is still poorly understood. Here, we use fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to distinguish different fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in peat-draining rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters of Sarawak, Borneo. The terrigenous fractions showed high concentrations at freshwater stations within the rivers, and conservative mixing with seawater across the estuaries. The autochthonous DOM fraction, in contrast, showed low concentrations throughout our study area at all salinities. The DOM pool was also characterized by a high degree of humification in all rivers and estuaries up to salinity 25. These results indicate a predominantly terrestrial origin of the riverine DOM pool. Only at salinities > 25 did we observe an increase in the proportion of autochthonous relative to terrestrial DOM. Natural sunlight exposure experiments with river water and seawater showed high photolability of the terrigenous DOM fractions, suggesting that photodegradation may account for the observed changes in DOM composition in coastal waters. Nevertheless, we estimate based on our fluorescence data that at least 20 %–25 % of the DOC at even our most marine stations (salinity > 31) was terrestrial in origin, indicating that peatlands likely play an important role in the carbon biogeochemistry of Southeast Asian shelf seas.

scholarly journals Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Landfill Leachate during Two–Stage Membrane Bioreactor Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanguanpak ◽  
C. Chiemchaisri ◽  
W. Chiemchaisri ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Two Stage

Landfill leachate is a complex wastewater containing high concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, DOM in raw leachate and treated water from pilot–scale two–stage membrane bioreactor (MBR) installed at solid waste disposal site were investigated by using fractionation method, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy (FEEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The fractionation results showed hydrophilic (Hyl) compound was the most abundant fraction in DOM of raw leachate, whereas the dominant fraction of DOM in mixed liquor inside MBR and its effluent was fulvic acid (FA). The fluorescent peaks of protein-like, humic and fulvic–like substances were detected in influent DOM, while the fluorescence peaks of MBR and effluent DOM were humic and fulvic-like substances. From the FTIR results, absorption bands that could be related to humic acid (HA) and FA were found in both MBR and effluent DOM. The characterization of DOM indicated that the most of Hyl and protein–like substances could be significantly removed by microbial process in MBR. Furthermore, a part of humic substance (HA and FA) could be eliminated by microbial and filtration processes.

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