Evaluation of effectiveness of chemical and physical sewage treatment technologies for removal of retinoic acid receptor agonistic activity detected in sewage effluent

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2447-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Inoue ◽  
H. Matsui ◽  
K. Sei ◽  
J. Hu ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Retinoid Signaling ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Agonistic Activity ◽  
Ultraviolet Treatment ◽  
Two Hybrid

Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a nuclear receptor involved in vertebrate morphogenesis, growth, cellular differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Excess expression of the retinoid signaling can cause various developmental toxicities in animals and humans. We previously found that influents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Japan had a RAR agonistic activity and the activity cannot be removed completely by conventional biological treatments. In this study, we assessed the performance of chemical and physical sewage treatment technologies—ozonation, ultraviolet treatment, chlorination, coagulation using polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and ferric sulfate, and filtration with ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes—in removal of RAR agonistic activity of STP effluent. All water treatment experiments were conducted in laboratory-scale reactors. The RAR agonistic activity of samples was measured using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Results showed that the effectiveness of tested technologies on the removal of RAR agonistic activity can be ranked as RO or NF > chlorination > ozonation > MF > UV > coagulation with ferric sulfate>>coagulation with PAC. Furthermore, the effectiveness of chlorination might rank lower because excess reaction might bring a side effect by producing some RAR agonistic by-product(s).

scholarly journals Ligand-Activated Retinoic Acid Receptor Inhibits AP-1 Transactivation by Disrupting c-Jun/c-Fos Dimerization

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Zhou ◽  
Xi-Qiang Shen ◽  
Lirim Shemshedini
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Retinoid Receptors ◽  
Two Hybrid

Abstract In the presence of retinoic acid (RA), the retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), are able to up-regulate transcription directly by binding to RA-responsive elements on the promoters of responsive genes. Liganded RARs and RXRs are also capable of down-regulating transcription, but, by contrast, this is an indirect effect, mediated by the interaction of these nuclear receptors not with DNA but the transcription factor activating protein-1 (AP-1). AP-1 is a dimeric complex of the protooncoproteins c-Jun and c-Fos and directly regulates transcription of genes important for cellular growth. Previous in vitro results have suggested that RARs can block AP-1 DNA binding. Using a mammalian two-hybrid system, we report here that human RARα (hRARα) can disrupt in a RA-dependent manner the homo- and heterodimerization properties of c-Jun and c-Fos. This inhibition of dimerization is cell specific, occurring only in those cells that exhibit RA-induced repression of AP-1 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, this mechanism appears to be specific for the RARs, since another potent inhibitor of AP-1 activity, the glucocorticoid receptor, does not affect AP-1 dimerization. Our data argue for a novel mechanism by which RARs can repress AP-1 DNA binding, in which liganded RARs are able to interfere with c-Jun/c-Jun homodimerization and c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimerization and, in this way, may prevent the formation of AP-1 complexes capable of DNA binding.

scholarly journals Identification of Retinoic Acid Receptor Agonists in Sewage Treatment Plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (17) ◽  
pp. 6611-6616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huajun Zhen ◽  
Xiaoqin Wu ◽  
Jianying Hu ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists

scholarly journals Modulation of Retinoid Signaling by a Cytoplasmic Viral Protein via Sequestration of Sp110b, a Potent Transcriptional Corepressor of Retinoic Acid Receptor, from the Nucleus

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
pp. 7498-7509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Watashi ◽  
Makoto Hijikata ◽  
Ayako Tagawa ◽  
Takahiro Doi ◽  
Hiroyuki Marusawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Retinoid Signaling ◽  
The Core ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid System ◽  
Hcv Core Protein ◽  
Mcf 7

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein (core) plays a significant role in the development of chronic liver diseases caused by HCV infection. We have discovered that the core sensitized all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. Activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα)-mediated transcription by the core was also seen in all the cell lines tested. By use of a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified Sp110b as a candidate for a core-interacting cellular factor. Although the function of Sp110b has remained unknown, we observed that Sp110b interacts with RARα and suppresses RARα-mediated transcription. These data suggest that Sp110b is a transcriptional cofactor negatively regulating RARα-mediated transcription. RNA interference-mediated reduction of endogenous Sp110b levels depressed the ability of the core to activate RARα-mediated transcription, suggesting an essential role for Sp110b in this pathway. The normal nuclear subcellular localization of Sp110b was altered by molecular interaction with the core to the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. This evidence suggests a model in which the core sequesters Sp110b from the nucleus and inactivates its corepressor function to activate RARα-mediated transcription. These findings likely describe a novel system in which a cytoplasmic viral protein regulates host cell transcription.

Screening and detection of the in vitro agonistic activity of xenobiotics on the retinoic acid receptor

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kamata ◽  
Fujio Shiraishi ◽  
Jun-ichi Nishikawa ◽  
Junzo Yonemoto ◽  
Hiroaki Shiraishi
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Agonistic Activity

Xanthones from the roots of Maclura cochinchinensis var. gerontogea and their retinoic acid receptor-α agonistic activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1998-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Nakashima ◽  
Toshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Hiroko Murata ◽  
Kouichi Kaburagi ◽  
Makoto Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Agonistic Activity ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor Α
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