Reducing operating costs for struvite formation with a carbon dioxide stripper

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Fattah ◽  
N. Sabrina ◽  
D. S. Mavinic ◽  
F. A. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

One of the major operational costs of phosphorus recovery as struvite is the cost of caustic chemical that is added to maintain a desired level of operative pH. A study was conducted at the Lulu Island Wastewater Treatment Plant (LIWWTP), Richmond, BC, using a struvite crystallizer and a cascade stripper designed at the University of British Columbia (UBC). The stripper was tested under different operating conditions to determine the effectiveness of CO2 stripping in increasing the pH of the water matrix and thereby reducing caustic chemical use. This reduction is expected to reduce the operational costs of struvite production. Throughout the project, a high percentage (90%) of phosphorus removal was achieved under each condition. The cascade stripper was very effective in saving caustic usage, ranging from 35% to 86%, depending on the operating conditions. However, the stripper showed relatively poor performance regarding ammonia stripping.

scholarly journals Performance of Iron-Functionalized Activated Carbon Catalysts (Fe/AC-f) on CWPO Wastewater Treatment

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Sara Mesa Medina ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Carlos Durán-Valle ◽  
Ana Bahamonde ◽  
Marisol Faraldos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
The Stability

Two commercial activated carbon were functionalized with nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and ethylenediamine to induce the modification of their surface functional groups and facilitate the stability of corresponding AC-supported iron catalysts (Fe/AC-f). Synthetized Fe/AC-f catalysts were characterized to determine bulk and surface composition (elemental analysis, emission spectroscopy, XPS), textural (N2 isotherms), and structural characteristics (XRD). All the Fe/AC-f catalysts were evaluated in the degradation of phenol in ultrapure water matrix by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). Complete pollutant removal at short reaction times (30–60 min) and high TOC reduction (XTOC = 80 % at ≤ 120 min) were always achieved at the conditions tested (500 mg·L−1 catalyst loading, 100 mg·L−1 phenol concentration, stoichiometric H2O2 dose, pH 3, 50 °C and 200 rpm), improving the results found with bare activated carbon supports. The lability of the interactions of iron with functionalized carbon support jeopardizes the stability of some catalysts. This fact could be associated to modifications of the induced surface chemistry after functionalization as a consequence of the iron immobilization procedure. The reusability was demonstrated by four consecutive CWPO cycles where the activity decreased from 1st to 3rd, to become recovered in the 4th run. Fe/AC-f catalysts were applied to treat two real water matrices: the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant with a membrane biological reactor (WWTP-MBR) and a landfill leachate, opening the opportunity to extend the use of these Fe/AC-f catalysts for complex wastewater matrices remediation. The degradation of phenol spiked WWTP-MBR effluent by CWPO using Fe/AC-f catalysts revealed pH of the reaction medium as a critical parameter to obtain complete elimination of the pollutant, only reached at pH 3. On the contrary, significant TOC removal, naturally found in complex landfill leachate, was obtained at natural pH 9 and half stoichiometric H2O2 dose. This highlights the importance of the water matrix in the optimization of the CWPO operating conditions.

scholarly journals Methodical approach to forecasting costs for updating and using arms and military equipment park

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Oleksii Leontiev ◽  
Maryna Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Residual Service Life ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Cost

A methodological approach to forecasting the cost costs at the main stages of the life cycle of a sample of weapons and military equipment, as one of the most important carriers of the capabilities of military organizational-staff formations, is proposed, which is carried out when substantiating measures for developing the capabilities of troops in the course of long-term and medium-term defense planning. The methodological approach is based on the use of the concept of a typical distribution of the cost of the life cycle of a sample by stages and stages, which allows in a formalized form to link costs at each stage of the purchase price of a serial product of a sample of weapons and military equipment of a specific type and type, taking into account the choice of a specific way of obtaining weapons and military equipment. It is proposed to forecast the volume of necessary costs at the stage of operation and support, taking into account the uneven distribution of these costs during this stage of the life cycle of a separate product. For this, it is proposed to divide the entire period of the duration of the operation stage into two main parts. The first part corresponds to the operating conditions of the product with a constant failure rate of the equipment after the completion of a short running-in process, and the operating costs per unit of time on it are considered the same throughout its duration. A formalized expression is proposed for obtaining the predicted value of these costs depending on the purchase price of the product. In the second part of the period of operation and support of a product of weapons and military equipment, operating costs per unit of time change over time according to an exponential law, reflecting the fact that operating costs increase with an increase in the failure rate as it approaches the assigned service life, which corresponds to the laws, known from the general theory of reliability of technology. The specifics of forecasting the costs of operation and support of a product obtained by import and which has already been in operation and has a residual service life have been determined.

scholarly journals Cost assessment of different routes for phosphorus recovery from wastewater using data from pilot and production plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nättorp ◽  
K. Remmen ◽  
C. Remy
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater has considerable potential to supplement limited fossil P reserves. Reliable cost data are essential for investor and policymaker decisions. In this study, investment and operational costs for nine P recovery processes were calculated from the investor's perspective, taking into account all relevant side effects on the sludge treatment or the wastewater treatment plant. The assessment was based on pilot and full-scale data which were thoroughly consolidated and standardized with technical and cost data from the German wastewater–sludge treatment train to enable direct comparison. The cost influence of precipitation processes on the current wastewater–sludge treatment train ranges from −0.14 (generating profit) to 0.23 EUR per population equivalent (PE) and year, while the cost influence of sludge leaching processes is around 2.50 EUR/(PE y). The cost influence of processes using dry sludge and mono-incineration ash varies between 0.33 and 3.13 EUR/(PE y), depending on existing disposal pathways, mono-incineration, co-incineration or agricultural use of sludge. The specific costs per kg P recovered (−4 to 10 EUR/kg P) are in general higher than conventional fertilizer production (1.6 EUR/kg P). However, annual costs per PE represent less than 3% of the total costs for wastewater disposal.

Regional planning and product recovery as tools for sustainable sludge management

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stypka ◽  
E. Plaza ◽  
A. Stypka ◽  
J. Trela ◽  
B. Hultman
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Spreadsheet Program ◽  
Phosphate Industry ◽  
Regional Location ◽  
The Cost

The article presents two aspects of sludge management: regional planning and product recovery. The introduction of these two elements can reduce the cost, close the ecocycle and make the management more sustainable. A spreadsheet program to optimize the regional location of different facilities is presented. The simple example shows the potential of the model. The brief comparison of formal problems concerning sludge disposal in Poland and Sweden is also discussed. Requirements of phosphorus recovery and recycling of phosphorus to the phosphate industry make sludge fractionation in combination with product recovery a new development in wastewater handling. Phosphorus recovery from sludges with chemical bound phosphorus requires complex and expensive process technology and may therefore lead to increased regional sludge management with a central sludge treatment plant.

scholarly journals Design of interacting wells for optimization of investments and operating costs while constructing water-diverting structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shcherbakov ◽  
Alexander Akulshin ◽  
Konstantin Chizhik ◽  
Mikhail Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
The Cost

Constructions for water withdrawal are the constitutive building industry component. The cost of these constructions is rather high. That is why while designing it is necessary to choose optimal design model and operating conditions during design life. Operation experience showed that the wells are desirably placed along one line to provide the most optimal conditions for water withdrawal. While designing the wells interaction is considered as a group operation if the distance between them is less than two radiuses of influence. Such wells disposition allows reducing the area and cutting down the investments for water withdrawal construction and also creating the better conditions for equipment and mains operation. Design of interacting wells consists of finding the tube well number, the distance between them, the discharge and levels (static and dynamic). At operating condition determination, it is necessary to consider the combined action of pure water reservoirs and tube well.

Design Objectives and Experience With Processor Based Gas Turbine Controls

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans D. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
The Cost

This paper describes the control system requirements to reduce operating costs of gas turbine driven equipment, and the features and technologies available from up-to-date control systems to meet these requirements. Modern control systems can affect the cost of operation in the following areas: - Reduction of downtime. - Optimizing of performance during all operating conditions. - Long-term trending and failure diagnostics to maintain optimum efficiency and for preventive maintenance. Advances in electronic technology, especially microprocessors, make it possible to achieve improvements in these areas. Programming methods, an important tool in the application of this technology, are discussed. Applications of control systems are used to illustrate their effectiveness. Guidelines are presented to judge the value of different types of control systems in gas turbine and other applications and a look at future developments is presented.

scholarly journals Cost/Benefit Evaluation Of Sulaibiya Wastewater Treatment Plant In Kuwait

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasem M. Alhumoud ◽  
Hanouf Al-Humaidi ◽  
Ibrahim N. Al-Ghusain ◽  
Ali M. Alhumoud
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Total Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Of Ownership

In May 2001, the Government of Kuwait awarded a build, operate and transfer (BOT) contract to a local company to finance, design, build and operate an advanced wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Sulaibiya. The contract has a 30-year life, comprising 30 months of design and build and 27.5 years of operation and management. The total project cost was K.D. 116 million (US$ 442 million). The Sulaibiya plant currently treats up to 375 million imperial gallons.  It is designed for extension to 600 million imperial gallons and is the first of its kind to be built in the Middle East.  It is the largest in the world to use ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for water purification. Ultrafiltration will remove all suspended solids and will provide a substantial reduction in micro biological activities. The main obstacle against the use of ultrafiltration membranes for WWTP has always been the higher operating cost of ultrafiltration. Up until now, this higher cost has prevented implementation of UF in all plants. A new membrane has been designed with the aim of tailoring it toward lowest total cost of ownership. Typical operating conditions have been used to quantify the following parameters for a potential large scale wastewater treatment system (UF + RO): amortization of investment in UF membranes and equipment; operating costs of the UF system; reduction in operating costs of the RO, when being compared against a conventional treatment system; and the increased output of the RO plant due to higher availability and shorter construction time. The total cost of ownership of a UF based RO plant has been determined (expressed in US$/m3 of water produced). Taking all factors into account, the total cost of ownership of a dual membrane WWTP (UF + RO) will be 2–7% lower than the total cost of ownership of on conventional retreatment plant.

Integrating Legacy Laboratory Information Systems into a Client-Server World: The University of Minnesota Clinical Workstation (CWS) Project

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Sielaff ◽  
D. P. Connelly ◽  
K. E. Willard
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Clinical Workstation ◽  
Future Hospital ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University ◽  
Laboratory Information Systems

Abstract:The development of an innovative clinical decision-support project such as the University of Minnesota’s Clinical Workstation initiative mandates the use of modern client-server network architectures. Preexisting conventional laboratory information systems (LIS) cannot be quickly replaced with client-server equivalents because of the cost and relative unavailability of such systems. Thus, embedding strategies that effectively integrate legacy information systems are needed. Our strategy led to the adoption of a multi-layered connection architecture that provides a data feed from our existing LIS to a new network-based relational database management system. By careful design, we maximize the use of open standards in our layered connection structure to provide data, requisition, or event messaging in several formats. Each layer is optimized to provide needed services to existing hospital clients and is well positioned to support future hospital network clients.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

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