Pesticides in groundwater and drinking water wells: overview of the situation in the Netherlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. M. Schipper ◽  
M. J. M. Vissers ◽  
A. M. A van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Water Wells

In the Netherlands, many of the fresh groundwater resources are vulnerable to pollution. Owing to high population densities and intensive farming practices, pesticide residues are found in groundwater at many places. Hence a number of drinking water abstraction wells contain pesticides residues, causing considerable costs for purification. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires countries to assess the chemical status of groundwater bodies and set up monitoring plans for groundwater quality, including pesticides. 771 groundwater samples were taken from monitoring wells in 2006 and analysed for a broad list of pesticides in order to fulfil these requirements. Pesticide were detected in 27% of samples, while in 11% the WFD limit of 0.1 μg/l was exceeded. In this paper, these and earlier measurements are evaluated further, considering also measurements in drinking water wells, information about the origin of measured pesticides and calculated trends in use and emissions. The measurements in the monitoring wells showed that where pesticides are used, 15–55% (minimal and maximal estimation) of the wells in shallow groundwater (1 to 20m below soil surface) contain pesticides residues at concentrations above 0.1 μg/l. When the metabolites BAM and AMPA are excluded (as not relevant in human toxicological terms), the estimation range is 7–37%. These patterns observed in shallow groundwater are reflected by the occurrence of pesticides in vulnerable abstraction wells that are used for the production of drinking water. The WFD requires the determination of both status and trends. The design of current monitoring network is evaluated from this perspective. Several recommendations are made for more adequate and efficient monitoring.

Geostatistical screening of flood events in the groundwater levels of the diverted inner delta of the Danube River: implications for river bed clogging

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Trásy ◽  
Tamás Garamhegyi ◽  
Péter Laczkó-Dobos ◽  
József Kovács ◽  
István Gábor Hatvani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Autocorrelation Structure

Abstract The efficient operation of shallow groundwater (SGW) monitoring networks is crucial to water supply, in-land water protection, agriculture and nature conservation. In the present study, the spatial representativity of such a monitoring network in an area that has been thoroughly impacted by anthropogenic activity (river diversion/damming) is assessed, namely the Szigetköz adjacent to the River Danube. The main aims were to assess the spatial representativity of the SGW monitoring network in different discharge scenarios, and investigate the directional characteristics of this representativity, i.e. establish whether geostatistical anisotropy is present, and investigate how this changes with flooding. After the subtraction of a spatial trend from the time series of 85 shallow groundwater monitoring wells tracking flood events from 2006, 2009 and 2013, variography was conducted on the residuals, and the degree of anisotropy was assessed to explore the spatial autocorrelation structure of the network. Since the raw data proved to be insufficient, an interpolated grid was derived, and the final results were scaled to be representative of the original raw data. It was found that during floods the main direction of the spatial variance of the shallow groundwater monitoring wells alters, from perpendicular to the river to parallel with it for over a period of about two week. However, witht the passing of the flood, this returns to its original orientation in ~2 months. It is likely that this process is related first to the fast removal of clogged riverbed strata by the flood, then to their slower replacement. In addition, the study highlights the importance of assessing the direction of the spatial autocorrelation structure of shallow groundwater monitoring networks, especially if the aim is to derive interpolated maps for the further investigation or modeling of flow.

scholarly journals Major Ions for Tracing Leachate Migration within Shallow Groundwater in the Vicinity of Municipal Landfill in Bantar Gebang - Bekasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Evarista Ristin Pujiindiyati ◽  
Satrio Satrio ◽  
Rasi Prasetio
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Ion Contents ◽  
High Concentrations

Bantar Gebang landfill located in Bekasi regency is a biggest sanitary landfill in Indonesia which comes up some refusals from local people because of its bad impact on their environment. Major ion contents in leachate and fresh groundwater were investigated during the rainy and dry season to determine contamination by leachate released from Bantar Gebang and Sumur Batu landfill. Leachate contained high concentrations of all major ions that was mainly characterized as a NaKHCO3 water type. On the other hand, most fresh groundwater samples were predominated by CaMgHCO3 and CaMgCl water type. Concentrations of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- in leachate were to be in a maximum factor of 2110; 7; 6; 143; 20; 112; 349 and 20, respectively than its contents in groundwater. Leachate from Bantar Gebang was detected have a higher concentration than those contained in Sumur Batu that was probably due to its mature leachate. An estimated mixture of leachate to fresh water in monitoring wells (5 m and 15 m depth) was in the range of 20 to 34%, related to Na+ and Cl- signatures, while the shallow groundwater located in residents in the vicinity of these landfills exhibited maximum leachate about 2%.

Towards an effective protection of groundwater resources: putting policy into practice with the drinking water protection file

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cors van den Brink ◽  
Susanne Wuijts
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
European Water ◽  
Resource Needs ◽  
Planning Cycle ◽  
Voluntary Basis

Groundwater in the Netherlands is a major resource for drinking water. As such it must be carefully monitored and managed. Evaluation of the European Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) showed that protection of this valuable resource needs improvement. The Drinking Water Protection File identifies necessary measures needed per water abstraction site. The Protection File is part of the Dutch national EU-WFD implementation strategy, intended to improve the protection level of groundwater resources. It consists of a national top-down framework and a regional bottom-up process, which respectively enforces commitment and enhances stakeholder awareness regarding risks and actions needed regarding the identification and implementation of measures enhancing the protection level of groundwater resources. It is yet uncertain whether the initial implementation of the measures in the first planning cycle is adequate to obtain compliance with EU-WFD objectives in 2021, because (i) some of these measures are on a voluntary basis and (ii) standards for the remediation of point source pollution and allowed application of nutrients do not currently comply with drinking water standards.

scholarly journals The precarious freshwater resources of Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada: Occurrence and management considerations

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Terry W. Hennigar ◽  
Gavin W. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Freshwater Resources ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Source Water Protection

This paper presents an overview of the hydrogeology and the freshwater resources of Sable Island, Nova Scotia. The role of the sand deposits, morphology and dynamics of the dune structures and systems, precipitation, and tidal influences are discussed. The distribution, quality, and importance of both surface water and groundwater resources of the island are also presented.  Fresh groundwater on the Island occurs in an unconfined sand lens aquifer. Studies to date on the hydrogeology of the island have shown highly variable rates of precipitation, both seasonally and annually, which in combination with the influence of shifting dune structures contribute to a dynamic freshwater /saltwater balance. Infiltration rates into the permeable aquifer system are greater than precipitation rates, precluding surface water flow.The chemical quality of water in the freshwater lens aquifer is generally good and meets the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. The aquifer is vulnerable to surface contamination, however, due to its shallow, unconfined nature, and any water supply wells are highly likely to be classified as being ‘under the direct influence of surface water’ (GUDI). Under these conditions a multi-barrier source water protection plan is considered essential for managing future public drinking water supplies on the Island.   Recommendations for future studies, including long-term monitoring of water level trends, are provided to support the sustainable use of groundwater on the Sable Island.

ERT assessment of saline intrusion and the volume of freshwater reserve in the UK Fens aquifer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Moulds
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Uk

<p>Mitchell Moulds<sup>1</sup>, Iain Gould<sup>2</sup>, Isobel Wright<sup>2</sup>, David Webster<sup>3</sup> and Daniel Magnone<sup>1</sup></p><p><sup>1 </sup>School of Geography and Centre for Water and Planetary Health, University of Lincoln, UK</p><p><sup>2</sup> Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology, University of Lincoln, UK</p><p><sup>3</sup> Listers Geotechnical Consultants, UK.</p><p>The UK’s food production relies on the Fens of Eastern England which contributes 11 % of the agri-food economy from just 4 % of England’s agricultural land. The success of agriculture is contingent upon the availability of water but, currently, approximately 75% of the UK’s arable land is within catchments prone to water stress. The dual challenges of climate change and the UK government’s ambition to increase productivity through sustainable intensification is likely to increase this. From work conducted elsewhere we know unsustainable extensive pumping of fresh groundwater can lower the water table significantly, induce seawater intrusion and cause upwelling of saline groundwater into the shallow groundwater system. A comparable aquifer on the coast of the Netherlands is threatened by a rising sea level and over extraction of groundwater and it is predicted severe salinisation will take place.</p><p>This is of concern in the Fens because groundwater resources are not well assessed, partly because historically the region has relatively low rates of groundwater abstraction, yet we know from interactions with farmers that more irrigation is anticipated. Thus, the development of an evidence base is critical to assessing sustainable agricultural intensification in the region. Our previous work has highlighted that in the case of acute coastal flooding along the east coast, up to 340,000 ha of cultivated crops could be at risk with an estimate cost of up to about £5,000/ha from the most severe saline inundations. Some estimates have suggested such a reduced harvest would cost the agri-food industry £3 billion annually risking 80,000 jobs and the nation’s food security. Groundwater salinization presents a chronic threat of similar nature. The aim of this project is to quantify the freshwater reserve in the shallow Fens and estimate sustainable levels of extraction.</p><p>In this project we tackle three research objectives. Firstly, we produce the first basin scale stratigraphic map of the shallow coastal Fens aquifer using high resolution British Geological Survey borehole records. Secondly, we survey and map the saline boundary and water table within the shallow coastal Fens aquifer using Electro Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Thirdly, we use MODFLOW to create the first groundwater flow model of the shallow coastal Fens aquifer with the data from the stratigraphic and freshwater maps from which we calculate sustainable irrigation extraction for the region.</p><p>Acknowledgements: This work was funded by the EU Interreg SalFar project. We thank landowners for their permissions to conduct our survey. </p>

Modeling Unsaturated Zone Movement of Aldicarb Residues from Applications to Potatoes in Eastern Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Jones ◽  
Tammara L. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Drinking Water Guideline

Abstract The unsaturated zone model PRZM was used to simulate movement of aldicarb residues resulting from applications to potatoes grown in Ontario, Quebec and Prince Edward Island. These simulations suggest aldicarb residues will not generally enter shallow groundwater at levels exceeding the drinking water guideline. In instances where residues do enter shallow groundwater the resulting magnitude will be sufficiently small to permit degradation of residues to below guideline concentrations before moving beyond the required 150 m buffer zone around drinking water wells. The simulation results are consistent with existing potable well monitoring data.

Using a groundwater quality negotiation support system to change land-use management near a drinking-water abstraction in the Netherlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 350 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cors van den Brink ◽  
Willem Jan Zaadnoordijk ◽  
Bas van der Grift ◽  
Peter C. de Ruiter ◽  
Jasper Griffioen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Support System ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Negotiation Support ◽  
Water Abstraction

Artificial recharge of groundwater in The Netherlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W.M. Tielemans
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Reduction Of Emissions ◽  
Water Companies

After a short general overview of the Dutch drinking water industry, the artificial recharge projects run by three drinking water companies situated in the West of The Netherlands are described in some detail. Because all the other groundwater in this part of the country is brackish, fresh groundwater from the sandy dunes along the coast has been employed as a source for drinking water from 1854. Since over 50 years, the fresh water reserves in the dunes are recharged with pretreated water from the rivers Meuse and Rhine and from the lake IJsselmeer. The various pretreatment steps, infiltration and abstraction practices and the final treatment steps employed are described, and related water quality issues are discussed. The drinking water produced is of high quality, is biologically stable and is distributed without additional disinfection. The drinking water companies put considerable effort in the protection of their water sources through (international) lobby organizations such as RIWA and IAWR, by cooperating with the water authorities and by carrying out specific projects aimed at reduction of emissions to the surface water. The presence of the drinking water companies has prevented residential development in the dunes, thus preserving unique nature in the most densely populated area in the country. Nature conservation and recreational aspect of the artificial recharge projects are described briefly.

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