Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and carboxylates in German drinking water sources compared to other countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.T. Lange ◽  
M. Wenz ◽  
C.K. Schmidt ◽  
H.-J. Brauch
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Agricultural Fertilizer

Different homologues of C4 to C8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) were detected in German surface waters, bank filtrates, artificially recharged groundwaters, and drinking waters. If no point sources are located nearby, the typically measured levels are in the low ng/L range. In the presence of point sources, such as a fluorochemical production site, a leaching agricultural fertilizer contaminated with PFCAs and PFASs, or drained PFC containing fire-fighting foams, much higher concentrations in the μg/L range occur. This situation is similar in Germany and other countries.

scholarly journals Predicting Arsenic (As) Exposure on Human Health for Better Management of Drinking Water Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7997
Author(s):  
Minhaz Farid Ahmed ◽  
Chen Kim Lim ◽  
Mazlin Bin Mokhtar ◽  
Rd. Puteri Khairani Khirotdin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Langat River

Chemical pollution in the transboundary Langat River in Malaysia is common both from point and non-point sources. Therefore, the water treatment plants (WTPS) at the Langat River Basin have experienced frequent shutdown incidents. However, the Langat River is one of the main sources of drinking water to almost one-third of the population in Selangor state. Meanwhile, several studies have reported a high concentration of Arsenic (As) in the Langat River that is toxic if ingested via drinking water. However, this is a pioneer study that predicts the As concentration in the Langat River based on time-series data from 2005–2014 to estimate the health risk associated with As ingestion via drinking water at the Langat River Basin. Several time-series prediction models were tested and Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT) gained the best result. This GBT model also fits better to predict the As concentration until December 2024. The mean concentration of As in the Langat River for both 2014 and 2024, as well as the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of As ingestion via drinking water, were within the drinking water quality standards proposed by the World Health Organization and Ministry of Health Malaysia. However, the ingestion of trace amounts of As over a long period might be detrimental to human health because of its non-biodegradable characteristics. Therefore, it is important to manage the drinking water sources to minimise As exposure risks to human health.

Estimation of radon concentrations and associated radon doses by using active technique in drinking water sources of Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khan ◽  
Z. Wazir ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
S. A. Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Active Technique ◽  
Radon Concentrations

In-situ measurement of radon concentration was carried out in three types of drinking water sources (spring, surface and bore/well). Water samples from all three sources were collected from the city of Abbottabad and its surroundings. Radon concentrations were measured through active technique, using the AB-5 series of portable radiation monitor (Pylon). The mean concentrations (ranges) of radon in the phosphate region were 13.4 ± 2.0 (9.1–23.6), 11.2 ± 1.5 (6.2–20.1) and 7.1 ± 0.9 (4.3–14) kBq m−3 in well, spring and surface waters, respectively. Similarly, the mean concentrations (ranges) of radon outside the phosphate region were 7.2 ± 1.0 (3.4–11.5), 5.4 ± 0.7 (2.5–8.9) and 3.1 ± 0.4 (1.7–5.8) kBq m−3 in well, spring and surface waters, respectively. The arithmetic mean values of radon concentration in drinking waters in the phosphate and non-phosphate parts or rocks were 10.76 ± 1.5 and 5.10 ± 0.70 kBq m−3, respectively. Respective doses of radon taken in by the people via water ingestion and inhalation were calculated as 0.029 ± 0.004 and 0.014 ± 0.002 mSv. The mean values of radon concentrations in drinking water samples collected from Abbottabad phosphate and non-phosphate rocks were below the US EPA Maximum Contamination Level (MCL) of 11.1 kBq m−3. The annual mean effective doses of all samples are lower than the reference level of 0.1 mSv a−1 for drinking water as recommended by WHO. Thus, the drinking water of Abbottabad and its surroundings is generally below the recommended levels as regards to radon-related health hazards.

Hygiene Aspects of Drinking Water Sources Used in Primary Milk Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Nada Sasakova ◽  
Gabriela Gregova ◽  
Jan Venglovsky ◽  
Ingrid Papajova ◽  
Bozena Nowakowicz-Debek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

A facile technique for automatically counting odor-producing algae (Pseudanabaena sp.) in drinking water sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Boivin ◽  
Eri Hasegawa ◽  
Dabide Yamaguchi ◽  
Takahiro Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

The frequent analysis of the 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)-generating algae, Pseudanabaena sp., for predicting odor occurrence in drinking water sources is a major challenge for many drinking water utilities. This study aims...

scholarly journals Households access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042071
Author(s):  
Zewudu Andualem ◽  
Henok Dagne ◽  
Zelalem Nigussie Azene ◽  
Asefa Adimasu Taddese ◽  
Baye Dagnew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess households access to improved drinking water sources and sanitation facilities and their associated factors in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsHousehold heads.Primary outcomesAccess to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.MethodsWe conducted an in-depth secondary data analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data from a total of 16 650 households and 645 clusters were included in the analysis. The households were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique. Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with access to an improved drinking water source and toilet facilities. Adjusted OR with a 95% CI was reported with p value <0.05 was used to declare a significant association between the covariates and the outcome variables.ResultsThe proportions of households’ access to improved sources of drinking water and toilet facilities were 69.94% (95% CI: 69.23% to 70.63%) and 25.36% (95% CI: 24.69% to 26.03%), respectively. Households headed by women and households with a better wealth index were positively associated with access to improved drinking water sources. Whereas rural households, ≥30 min round trip to obtain drinking water and region were factors negatively associated with households access to improved drinking water sources. A higher probability of having access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads who had attained higher education, households having better access to improved sources of drinking water and households with better wealth index. While the following households were less likely to have access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads were widowed, households with four to six members, rural households and region.ConclusionThe study found that the proportions of households’ access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia were relatively low, which demands the need to tailor strategies to increase the coverage of access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.

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