Diversity of ammonia oxidising bacteria in a vertical flow constructed wetland

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tietz ◽  
R. Hornek ◽  
G. Langergraber ◽  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
R. Haberl
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

Vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) with intermittent loading are very suitable for nitrification. Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) are the limiting step of nitration. Therefore the AOB community of a full-scale VFCW, receiving municipal wastewater, was investigated within this study. The diversity of the functional gene encoding the α–subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA), present only in AOB, was assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Only very few amoA sequence types dominated the wetland filter substrate; nevertheless a stable nitrification performance could be observed. During the cold season the nitrification was slightly reduced, but it has been shown that the same AOB could be identified. No spatial AOB pattern could be observed within the filter body of the VFCW. The most prominent bands were excised from DGGE gels and sequenced. Sequence analyses revealed two dominant AOB lineages: Nitrosomonas europaea/“Nitrosococcus mobilis” and Nitrosospira. Species of the Nitrosomonas lineage are commonly found in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In contrast, members of the Nitrosospira lineage are rarely present in WWTPs. Our observations indicate that the AOB community in this VFCW is similar to that found in horizontal flow constructed wetlands, but differs from common WWTPs regarding the presence of Nitrosospira.

Suspended Carrier Used in Municipal Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Tian Yin Huang ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Suspended Carrier

In this study, suspended carrier bed process was applied to treat the effluent from the chemical-biological flocculation plant. The bio-startup characteristics and the mechanisms of biofilm maturation were investigated. Results showed that the NH3-N removal efficiency was higher than 80% after a 10d run, and the NH3-N concentration of effluent was lower than 5.0mg/L, which satisfies the needs of The Pollutants Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (Class I-A). In other words, the suspended carrier used here did a good job. The bed finished its bio-startup process with stable nitrification efficiency. The biofilm formed on the carriers wing plates, which was helpful for its adhesion and ageing biofilm to fall off. It was found through electron microscope observation and PCR-DGGE (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) that the biofilm which formed on the surface of the carrier contained plenty of microbes. The stability of the microbial system was efficient in stabilizing nitrification.

scholarly journals Influence of Effluent Irrigation on Community Composition and Function of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 3426-3433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Oved ◽  
Avi Shaviv ◽  
Tal Goldrath ◽  
Raphi T. Mandelbaum ◽  
Dror Minz
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Effluent Irrigation ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT The effect of effluent irrigation on community composition and function of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soil was evaluated, using techniques of molecular biology and analytical soil chemistry. Analyses were conducted on soil sampled from lysimeters and from a grapefruit orchard which had been irrigated with wastewater effluent or fertilizer-amended water (FAW). Specifically, comparisons of AOB community composition were conducted using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified fragments of the gene encoding the α-subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) recovered from soil samples and subsequent sequencing of relevant bands. A significant and consistent shift in the population composition of AOB was detected in soil irrigated with effluent. This shift was absent in soils irrigated with FAW, despite the fact that the ammonium concentration in the FAW was similar. At the end of the irrigation period, Nitrosospira-like populations were dominant in soils irrigated with FAW, while Nitrosomonas-like populations were dominant in effluent-irrigated soils. Furthermore, DGGE analysis of the amoA gene proved to be a powerful tool in evaluating the soil AOB community population and population shifts therein.

A comparitive study of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in lab-scale industrial wastewater treatment reactors

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Rowan ◽  
G. Moser ◽  
N. Gray ◽  
J.R. Snape ◽  
D. Fearnside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Nitrosococcus Mobilis ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

The diversity and community structure of the b-proteobacterial ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) in a range of different lab-scale industrial wastewater treatment reactors were compared. Three of the reactors treat waste from mixed domestic and industrial sources whereas the other reactor treats waste solely of industrial origin. PCR with AOB selective primers was combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to allow comparative analysis of the dominant AOB populations and the phylogenetic affiliation of the dominant AOB was determined by cloning and sequencing or direct sequencing of bands excised from DGGE gels. Different AOB were found within and between different reactors. All AOB sequences identified were grouped within the genus Nitrosomonas. Within the lab-scale reactors there appeared to be selection for a low diversity of AOB and predominance of a single AOB population. Furthermore, the industrial input in both effluents apparently selected for salt tolerant AOB, most closely related to Nitrosococcus mobilis and Nitrosomonas halophila.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria of the β Subdivision of the Class Proteobacteria in Compost and Composted Materials

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Kowalchuk ◽  
Zinaida S. Naoumenko ◽  
Piet J. L. Derikx ◽  
Andreas Felske ◽  
John R. Stephen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Although the practice of composting animal wastes for use as biofertilizers has increased in recent years, little is known about the microorganisms responsible for the nitrogen transformations which occur in compost and during the composting process. Ammonia is the principle available nitrogenous compound in composting material, and the conversion of this compound to nitrite in the environment by chemolithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is an essential step in nitrogen cycling. Therefore, the distribution of ammonia-oxidizing members of the β subdivision of the class Proteobacteriain a variety of composting materials was assessed by amplifying 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and 16S rRNA by PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. The PCR and RT-PCR products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and were identified by hybridization with a hierarchical set of oligonucleotide probes designed to detect ammonia oxidizer-like sequence clusters in the genera Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas. Ammonia oxidizer-like 16S rDNA was detected in almost all of the materials tested, including industrial and experimental composts, manure, and commercial biofertilizers. A comparison of the DGGE and hybridization results after specific PCR and RT-PCR suggested that not all of the different ammonia oxidizer groups detected in compost are equally active. amoA, the gene encoding the active-site-containing subunit of ammonia monooxygenase, was also targeted by PCR, and template concentrations were estimated by competitive PCR. Detection of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the composts tested suggested that such materials may not be biologically inert with respect to nitrification and that the fate of nitrogen during composting and compost storage may be affected by the presence of these organisms.

Installation of a bioelectrochemical system as a pre-cleaner in a constructed wetland with higher pollutant loading under continuous mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3326-3340
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Bioelectrochemical System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pollutant Loading ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands

In this study, two-phase continuous vertical flow constructed wetlands were installed with a pre-cleaner bioelectrochemical system for the removal of NH4+-N (60.41–85.78%), NO3−-N (25.55–35.18%), TN (57.80–84.65%), TKN (37.24–70.08%), PO43−-P (38.89–63.40%), SO42− (49.53–76.06%), and COD (25.83–74.70%) from municipal wastewater.

Design Recommendations for Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Nitrification and Denitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Platzer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Balance ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

The paper presents a design for nitrogen removal in subsurface flow wetlands. The nitrification in the vertical-flow beds (VFBs) is clearly determined by the oxygen balance in the filter. Full nitrification can only be achieved when the oxygen balance is positive. For sizing purposes equations for the calculation of oxygen demand and oxygen input are given. Three possibilities to achieve sufficient soil aeration are presented and explained. For the denitrification two possibilities are presented. From technical wastewater treatment plants predenitrification is well known. Return rates up to 200% can be used without hydraulic problems for the VFBs. In cases of low C/N ratios an additional application of HFBs has to be used. The design can be carried out using a design of 1 g NO3-N/m2,d achieving a 65% removal in more than 90% of the cases. The paper discusses some of the equations presented internationally. The suitability of the use of k-values for the processes nitrification and denitrification is especially questioned.

scholarly journals Molecular Dynamics of Emiliania huxleyi and Cooccurring Viruses during Two Separate Mesocosm Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Martínez Martínez ◽  
Declan C. Schroeder ◽  
Aud Larsen ◽  
Gunnar Bratbak ◽  
William H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genotypic Richness

ABSTRACT In this study we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, sequencing analysis, and analytical flow cytometry to monitor the dynamics and genetic richness of Emiliania huxleyi isolates and cooccurring viruses during two mesocosm experiments in a Norwegian fjord in 2000 and 2003. We exploited variations in a gene encoding a protein with calcium-binding motifs (GPA) and in the major capsid protein (MCP) gene to assess allelic and genotypic richness within E. huxleyi and E. huxleyi-specific viruses (EhVs), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows the effectiveness of the GPA gene for analysis of natural communities of E. huxleyi. Our results revealed the existence of a genetically rich, yet stable E. huxleyi and EhV community in the fjordic environment. Incredibly, the same virus and host genotypes dominated in separate studies conducted 3 years apart. Both E. huxleyi-dominated blooms contained the same six E. huxleyi alleles. In addition, despite the presence of at least six and four EhV genotypes at the start of the blooms in 2000 and 2003, respectively, the same two virus genotypes dominated the naturally occurring infections during the exponential and termination phases of the blooms in both years.

scholarly journals Resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. to selected antimicrobial agents present in municipal wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Luczkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Felis ◽  
Aleksandra Ziembinska ◽  
Anna Gnida ◽  
Ewa Kotlarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Biodiversity

In this study, the susceptibility to erythromycin (E) and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) among isolates of Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was tested, respectively. Both fecal indicators were detected and isolated from raw (RW) and treated wastewater (TW) as well as from samples of activated sludge (AS) collected in a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Biodiversity of bacterial community in AS was also monitored using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Additionally, distribution of sul1–3 genes conferring sulfonamide resistance was tested among SXT-resistant E. coli. Simultaneously, basic physicochemical parameters and concentrations of eight antimicrobial compounds (belonging to folate pathway inhibitors and macrolides class) were analyzed in RW and TW samples. Six of the selected antimicrobial agents, namely: erythromycin, clarithromycin, trimethoprim, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole were detected in the wastewater samples. Bacterial biodiversity of AS samples were comparable with no relevant differences. Among tested Enterococcus spp., E-resistant isolates constituted 41%. SXT resistance was less prevalent in E. coli with 11% of isolates. The genes conferring resistance to sulfonamides (sul1–3) were detected in SXT-resistant E. coli of wastewater origin with similar frequencies as in other environmental compartments, including clinical ones.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document