Managing an odour episode in Barcelona's water supply: strategies adopted, the causative agent (diacetyl) and determination of its organoleptic properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martín-Alonso ◽  
R. Devesa ◽  
A. Bernal ◽  
L. Matia
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Odour Threshold

The Llobregat River is a basic drinking water resource for the city of Barcelona, meeting 40% of the demand. The river runs through a densely populated industrial area, so that it has in its history experienced various episodes due to industrial spills. The present work deals with a recent episode involving diacetyl. To the best of our knowledge this episode is the first time that this compound has been identified as an odour-causing compound in water. In a previous work the analytical method used for the identification of the compound causing the episode was described. The present work focuses its attention on how the episode was handled: action taken at the Sant Joan Despí water treatment plant and the sampling strategy on the river that led to the identification of the company responsible for the spill, a paper mill. It also deals with the role played by the FPA panel in the resolution of the episode: organoleptic description of samples of the problem in the initial phase of the episode (from the treatment plant, distribution network and customer complaints) and, once the compound responsible was identified, the determination of its organoleptic characteristics (odour threshold, odour descriptors, Weber-Fechner curve).

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINGKAT KUALITAS PELAYANAN AIR BAKU PDAM KABUPATEN KOTABARU (Studi Kasus Instalasi Pengolahan Air Desa Gunung Relly)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwan Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Performance Matrix ◽  
Importance Analysis

Untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan pada PDAM Kotabaru mengukur tingkat kepuasan masyarakat atau pelanggan khususnya terhadap kualitas pelayanan air baku Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Gunung Relly yang dianalisis berdasarkan tingkat kesesuaian hasil perbandingan skor kinerja dengan skor kepentingan (harapan). Apabila TKi­ < 100%, berarti pelayanan belum memuaskan, Apabila TKi­ = 100%, berarti pelayanan telah memuaskan, Apabila TKi­ > 100%, berarti pelayanan sangat memuaskan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari 100 responden, diketahui tingkat kualitas pelayanan air baku PDAM Kotabaru dengan analisis importance dan performance matrix didapat tingkat kesesuaian rata-rata (TKi) 73% < 100% masuk dalam kategori belum memuaskan. Variabel yang menjukan untuk mendapat tindakan prioritas perbaikan menurut pelanggan, yakni variabel-variabel pada kuadran I, 1) kualitas air yang disalurkan kerumah pelanggan, 2) kontinuitas debit air yang disalurkan kerumah pelanggan, 3) keramahan dan kesabaran dalam pelayanan pelanggan serta menhadapi pengaduan pelanggan, 4) kelayakan tarif yang diberlakukan. Sehingga perlu evaluasi pada 1) kualitas air, perlu ada filtrasi atau penyaringan sebelum air didistribusikan ke rumah pelanggan sehingga air layak konsumsi 2) Kontinuitas debit air, Perlu pemeliharaan dan penambahan pompa air, deteksi tingkat kebocoran jaringan perpipaan dan penambahan sumber air alternative, 3) Keramahan pelayanan, perlu penyuluhan internal pimpinan terhadap petugas pelayanan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran sebagai perusahaan daerah yang melaksanakan pelayanan publik, 4) Kelayakan tarif, Perhitungan kembali tarif pelayanan disesuaikan dengan layanan yang diberikan. Kata Kunci : Air Baku, Analisis Importance, IPA Gunung Relly, Kualitas Pelayanan, PDAM Kotabaru. To improve the quality of service at PDAM Kotabaru, measure the level of satisfaction of the community or customers, especially the quality of raw water services in the Gunung Relly Water Treatment Plant (IPA) area, which is analyzed based on the level of comparison between performance scores and interest scores (expectations). If TKi <100%, means the service is not satisfactory, If TKi = 100%, means the service has been satisfactory, If TKi > 100%, means the service is very satisfying. Based on the analysis from 100 respondents, have the level of quality of raw water service in PDAM Kotabaru with importance and performance matrix analysis shows that the average level of suitability (TKi) is 73% <100% in the unsatisfactory category. Variables that indicate to get priority improvement actions according to customers, namely variables in quadrant I, 1) quality of water channeled to customers homes, 2) continuity of water flow distributed to customers' homes, 3) friendliness and patience in customer service and dealing with customer complaints, 4) feasibility of tariffs that apply. So it is necessary to evaluate 1) the quality of the water, there needs to be filtration or filtration before the water is distributed to the customer's house so that the water is suitable for consumption 3) Hospitality of services, need internal leadership counseling to service officers to increase awareness as regional companies that carry out public services, 4) Feasibility of tariffs, Re-calculation of service rates according to services provided. Keywords: Importance Analysis, IPA Gunung Relly, Raw Water, PDAM Kotabaru, Service Quality.

The influence of agitation on aggregates formed during treatment of water with a content of humic substances

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pivokonska ◽  
M. Pivokonsky
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Velocity Gradients ◽  
Perforated Baffle ◽  
Wide Size Distribution

This study aims to evaluate the influence of agitation conditions on the efficiency of the aggregation process when treating surface water containing humic substances. Laboratory tests were conducted by the jar tests using a variable speed paddle gang stirrer. Optimization of agitation intensity was determined by a Couette flocculator. Suspension was prepared using aluminium chloride as a destabilising reagent. Aggregation efficiency was evaluated by the determination of the degree of aggregation and by the test of aggregation. For all surface waters treated, the optimum treatability was demonstrated by applying higher velocity gradients (G=200–250 s−1). In addition to the laboratory tests, the plant measurements with water containing increased amounts of humic substances were taken to evaluate the aggregation efficiency. The results obtained by the aggregation efficiency measurements show that the intensity of agitation, with the assistance of perforated baffle-type flocculation chamber, attains a low level of velocity gradient (G=22–113 s−1), in contrast to the optimized velocity gradient level (G=200–250 s−1). The aggregates formed in the water treatment plant have an unsuitably wide size-distribution.

scholarly journals MICROALGAE FOR CO2 REDUCTION AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT APPLICATION IN INDUSTRIAL AREA

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Dwi Santoso ◽  
Rahmania A. Darmawan ◽  
Joko P. Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Chlorella Sp

<p>The microalgae incorporated photobioreactor (PBR) is a highly efficient biological system for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) gases into biomass and treating wastewater. In this study, the freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. was cultured in two unit photobioreactors which were connected to a boiler of dairy factory. The source of water for microalgae culture media (in the photobioreactors) are collected from the waste water treatment plant of the dairy factory itself. The objective of this microalgae photobioreactor activity were to reduce CO2, produce biomass and as a part of a waste water treatment in a dairy industry in Indonesia. Both photobioreactors were operated for 14 days culture interval in the semi continuous cultivation, with initial stocking rate of 2 x 105 cells/ml microalgae. Carbon dioxide concentration from the boiler stack was 10-11 % vol. The photobioreactors were injected with the specified CO2 concentration with flow rate of 2 l/min. and 1.5 l/min. The result showed that microalgae photobioreactors capability in CO2 absorption were 0.78 ± 0.25 and 0.92 ±0.36 g CO2/l media/day, respectively. Before and after utilized by the photobioreactors system, Nitrate and Phosphate concentration of the culture media (supplied from the waste water treatment plant) decreased from 3-4 mg/l to 0.05-0.1 mg/l. After 14 days cultivation, biomass concentration of microalgae which were injected with CO2 flow rate of 2 l/min. and 1.5 l/min. were 19 x 106 cells/ml and 15 x 106 cells/ml respectively. Results showed that microalgal photobioreactors operated in an industrial area could reduce CO2 concentration and produce biomass.</p><p>Keywords: photobioreactor (PBR), Chlorella sp., CO2 flue gas emissions, wastewater</p>

scholarly journals VALIDATION OF THE METHODS OF Hg DETERMINATION ON WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES USING COLD VAPOUR-ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER (CV-AAS)TECHNIQUES

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Rika Anggraini ◽  
Rita Hairani ◽  
Aman Sentosa Panggabean
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Cold Vapour ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Aas Method

The research about validation of the method of Hg determination on the sample from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) PT. Badak NGL Bontang, Kalimantan Timur using cold vapour-atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CV-AAS) techniques has been conducted. To obtain a valid measurement result, determinations of the important several parameters that influence the method validation are used. The results of research showed that 20% SnCl2 solution could be used as a reducing agent. The analytic performance of measurement obtain is good, showed with the linearity (r) value ≥ 0.995, LOD was 0.2530 ppb, LOQ was 0.8432 ppb, MDL was 0.6427 ppb and repeatability and reproducibility are shown as % RSD < 2/3 CV Horwitz values. The accuracy of this method is very good with a percentage of recovery value of 114.88%. Based on the results of this research, CV-AAS method can be used in the determination of Hg in WWTP samples with the valid results.

Reagentless-Continuous Flow Method for Determination of Aqueous Ozone with Thin Film Semiconductor and Application to an Advanced Water Treatment Plant

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 1961-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aoki ◽  
H. Oguro ◽  
K. Fujiyoshi ◽  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Ultra Trace

A method without any reagent for the determination of ultra-trace aqueous ozone, utilizing a glass tube-separation process and a thin film semiconductor, is proposed. The glass tube was used as the separator to transfer ozone from water into a gas phase. Ozone was transferred into clean air flowing in the tube and then was continuously monitored at the thin film semiconductor. Signals were proportional to concentration of aqueous ozone more than 5 µ g/L. The relative standard deviation (n = 7) las 3.8 % at 7.6 µ g/L. The interference from hydrogen peroxide, mono-chloramine, and dichloramine, was completely eliminated. The present method was applied to an advanced water treatment pilot-plant incorporating two parallel treatment trains and was examined for its potential for monitoring aqueous ozone in treatment processes.

Estimation of the effectiveness of ozone use in the purification of heavily contaminated water supply sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
С.Е. Алексеев ◽  
Е.В. Корса-Вавилова ◽  
А.Я. Шмелев
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Manganese Compounds

Источники питьевого водоснабжения (реки Великая, Волга, Вычегда, Которосль, Лименда, Солда, Северная Двина, Томь и Тура) характеризуются повышенным содержанием органических соединений природного и антропогенного происхождения. Традиционная технология двухступенчатого осветления воды коагулированием в данном случае по своей эффективности не соответствует качеству воды источника, в результате по некоторым показателям питьевая вода периодически не отвечает современным требованиям стандарта. Особенно сложно обеспечивать в питьевой воде предельно допустимые концентрации органических веществ, а также соединений железа, марганца и остаточного алюминия. Для очистки такой воды были изучены дополнительные методы окисления и сорбции. Результаты исследований показали, что предварительное озонирование речной воды и (или) постозонирование воды после фильтров станции водоподготовки повышают эффективность очистки по цветности, мутности, удалению соединений железа и марганца, уменьшают концентрацию остаточного алюминия, улучшают органолептические показатели. Сорбционная очистка с озонированием существенно улучшает качество очищенной воды и позволяет обеспечить допустимый уровень содержания органических загрязнителей в питьевой воде. Sources of drinking water supply (the Velikaia, Volga, Vychegda, Kotorosl’, Limenda, Solda, Severnaia Dvina, Tom’ and Tura rivers) are characterized by increased concentrations of organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin. The traditional technology of two-stage water clarification by coagulation in terms of the efficiency, in this case, is not applicable to the quality of the source water; as a result, by some indicators, drinking water periodically does not meet the current standard requirements. It is especially difficult to ensure the permissible maximum concentrations of organic substances in drinking water, as well as of compounds of iron, manganese and residual aluminum. To provide for the purification of such water, additional oxidation and sorption methods have been studied. The research results showed that preliminary ozonation of river water and (or) post-ozonation of water after filtration at a water treatment plant provide for increasing the efficiency of purification in terms of color, turbidity, removal of iron and manganese compounds; for reducing the concentration of residual aluminum, and improving the organoleptic characteristics. Sorption with ozonation significantly improves the quality of treated water and allows to ensure the permissible level of organic pollutants in drinking water.

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