Advanced treatment for taste and odour control in drinking water: case study of a pilot scale plant in Seoul, Korea

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Joe ◽  
I.C. Choi ◽  
Y.A. Baek ◽  
Y.J. Choi ◽  
G.S. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Han River ◽  
Odour Control

Taste and odour problems of tap water in Seoul are attributed to 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin), which are the result of metabolism of algae and chlorine for disinfection. This study was carried out to measure 2-MIB and geosmin in the raw water from the Han River, to investigate removal efficiency of GAC and BAC integrated with post-ozonation, and to minimise and quantify the required chlorine concentration as a final disinfectant through the candidate process.

scholarly journals Removal Efficiency of Solid Particles from Raw Water Using AFM Grade-2 Media: Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami M Al Aibi ◽  
Jamal S Al Rukabie ◽  
Adel O Sharif ◽  
Dhia Y Aqar ◽  
Hameed B Mahood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Raw Water

Natural organic matter from catchment to drinking water: a case study of Pori waterworks, Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Szabo ◽  
I. Lindfors ◽  
T. Tuhkanen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Uv And Fluorescence Detection

In this study Natural organic matter (NOM) characteristics and variations of catchment samples (brooks and collector lakes) from Western Finland, and drinking water produced from the same catchment were examined. Seasonal and spatial NOM variations were followed by means of DOC and HPLC-SEC with UV and fluorescence detection. NOM decreased from drains to lakes by 35 to 75% and from drains to drinking water by 73 to 94%. Drains had a higher NOM content in summer and a lower NOM content in winter and spring. Lakes showed inverse patterns and had a higher NOM content in winter and spring and a lower NOM content in summer. HPLC-SEC separated 8 molecular weight fractions. In drains the HMW fractions represented up to 80% of the NOM, in lake waters HMW fractions accounted for 50 to 70% of the NOM. In drinking water IMW fractions dominated. Increased NOM in raw water during winter was associated with increased IMW fractions and the appearance of HMW fractions in drinking water, DOC increasing from 1.4 mg C/L in summer to 5.8 mg C/L in winter. SPH-Tryptophan correlated with the dissolved organic nitrogen and DOC of the samples. The drain affected by agriculture generally presented higher SPH-Tryptophan values than the unaffected drain.

Pathogenic viruses in drinking-water biofilms: a public health risk?

Biofilms ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Skraber ◽  
J. Schijven ◽  
C. Gantzer ◽  
A. M. de Roda Husman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Virus Attachment ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses

Biofilms in drinking-water distribution systems may accumulate human pathogenic viruses. Viruses that attach to biofilm are removed from the water phase improving the water quality. However, if released in slough, it may still present a risk of infection. This review describes the available data on the presence of pathogenic viruses in drinking-water biofilms. First, biofilms of distribution systems potentially contribute to viral contamination of tap water only if infectious viruses are present initially in the water, which has been shown in several recent studies. However, only one out of three field studies showed the presence of infectious enteroviruses in natural biofilms from drinking-water networks. The presence of pathogenic viruses in biofilms points to the ability of these viruses to attach to biofilms. This has also been shown in pilot-scale studies in which bacteriophages and vaccine poliovirus strains were spiked into water and could be eluted from artificial biofilms. Reported attachment rates vary greatly and may depend on many factors such as the biofilm characteristics, the virus strain and the efficiency of viral recovery from biofilms. One study reported biphasic viral inactivation in biofilms with rapid initial inactivation followed by slow inactivation, implying that some of the attached viruses are able to remain infectious for a longer time. In several laboratory experiments, virus attachment to biofilms has been reported under various conditions; however, although detachment of sloughs in distribution systems has been observed, the presence of viruses in these sloughs was not studied. Here, we discuss the possible presence of infectious pathogenic viruses in sloughs; the extent to which these will pose a health risk remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Distribution and characteristics of geosmin and 2-MIB-producing actinobacteria in the Han River, Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1975-1987
Author(s):  
Eun-Sook Lee ◽  
Yu-Na Kim ◽  
Sae-Bom Kim ◽  
Jong-Soon Jung ◽  
Yeoung-Seop Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Han River ◽  
Odorous Substances

Abstract Actinobacteria can be one of the causes of earthy and musty odors in drinking water. In this study, the distribution and odor producing ability of actinobacteria isolated in the Han River as a source of tap water were investigated. Actinobacteria were detected in low concentration from December to February and this gradually increased in March and April. The number of actinobacteria detected was particularly high in April (63 CFU/mL), July (45 CFU/mL), and October (39 CFU/mL) due to the influence of rainfall. Actinobacteria with geosmin-producing genes were detected mainly in March and July. In contrast, actinobacteria with 2-MIB-producing genes were detected mainly in October. There was a difference in the time when actinobacteria with the geosmin and 2-MIB-producing gene were highly detected in the river. Also, the types of actinobacteria with the geosmin and 2-MIB-producing gene were different. More than 70% of the geosmin inducer gene was isolated in Streptomyces, but the 2-MIB inducer gene was detected in various genera of actinobacteria as well as Streptomyces. The detection of odorous substances in March and October when cyanobacteria were not detected, or the detected number was low, suggested that actinobacteria could be a cause of odor inducers in the Han River.

scholarly journals Removal of oxidative stress and genotoxic activities during drinking water production by ozonation and granular activated carbon filtration

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yu ◽  
Elin Lavonen ◽  
Agneta Oskarsson ◽  
Johan Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Abstract Background Bioanalytical tools have been shown to be useful in drinking water quality assessments. Here, we applied a panel of in vitro bioassays to assess the treatment efficiency of two pilot-scale treatments: ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration at a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The pilot-scale systems were studied alongside a full-scale treatment process consisting of biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration, UV disinfection, and monochloramine dosing. Both systems were fed the same raw water treated with coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation and sand filtration. The endpoints studied were oxidative stress (Nrf2 activity), genotoxicity (micronuclei formations), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, as well as estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) activity. Results Nrf2, AhR, and ER activities and genotoxic effects were detected in the incoming raw water and variability was observed between the sampling events. Compared to most of the samples taken from the full-scale treatment system, lower Nrf2, AhR, and ER bioactivities as well as genotoxicity were observed in all samples from the pilot-scale systems across all sampling events. The most pronounced treatment effect was a 12-fold reduction in Nrf2 activity and a sixfold decrease in micronuclei formations following ozonation alone. GAC filtration alone resulted in sevenfold and fivefold reductions in Nrf2 activity and genotoxicity, respectively, in the same sampling event. Higher bioactivities were detected in most samples from the full-scale system suggesting a lack of treatment effect. No androgenic nor anti-androgenic activities were observed in any sample across all sampling events. Conclusions Using effect-based methods, we have shown the presence of bioactive chemicals in the raw water used for drinking water production, including oxidative stress, AhR and ER activities as well as genotoxicity. The currently used treatment technologies were unable to fully remove the observed bioactivities. Ozonation and GAC filtration showed a high treatment efficiency and were able to consistently remove the bioactivities observed in the incoming water. This is important knowledge for the optimization of existing drinking water treatment designs and the utilization of alternative treatment technologies.

Removal and growth of microorganisms across treatment and simulated distribution at a pilot-scale direct potable reuse facility

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1370-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Miller ◽  
Roberto A. Rodriguez ◽  
Kara L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Drinking Water Standards ◽  
Simulated Distribution ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse ◽  
Improved Methods

Multi-barrier advanced treatment trains are able to purify wastewater to drinking water standards, but improved methods are needed to better understand microbial concentrations, viability, and growth potential throughout treatment and distribution.

scholarly journals Low Impact Development (LID) as an effort to achieve a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS). Case Study: Left Side Of Garang River Segment VI Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 07017
Author(s):  
Anik Sarminingsih ◽  
Ganjar Samudro ◽  
Aisyatul Mas’adah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Standard Quality

The Garang River functions as a flood controller and a source of raw water for drinking water. This river is divided into seven segments, and in the downstream segment VI there is intake of raw water for drinking water. The land use is dominated by built-in land, in the form of dense settlements and industrial estates. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the drainage system, both in terms of runoff and water quality, and apply the concept of LID to achieve a sustainable drainage system. The method used is the SWMM. Evaluations were carried out in three outlets. In existing conditions, channel capacity in general is still sufficient, while water quality does not meet effluent standard quality for observed parameters including TSS, BOD, COD, oil & fat parameters and Total coliform. The LID concept that are suitable are Bio retention cell, Permeable Pavement and Rooftop disconnection.The use of this type of LID is significant enough to reduce runoff by 77% at outlet 1, 98% at outlet 2 and 73% at outlet 3 and decrease in some parameters of water quality by 77% to 100%.

Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) originating from picophytoplankton in drinking water

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Okuda ◽  
W. Nishijima ◽  
M. Okada
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Removal Ratio ◽  
Coagulant Dosage

The removal efficiency of conventional drinking water for picophytoplankton and the contribution of picophytoplankton to AOC were investigated in this research. The removal ratio during coagulation–sedimentation step was determined by jar test using PAC (poly-aluminium chloride). Lower coagulation pH showed better picophytoplankton removal in coagulation–sedimentation. The optimum coagulant dosage for picophytoplankton was twice or more than that for turbidity. The removal efficiency of picophytoplankton was 44–60% at lowest pH in water quality standard (5.8) and at an optimum coagulant dosage for turbidity. The removal ratio of picophytoplankton in rapid sand filtration was determined by pilot scale column experiments with sand and anthracite. The average removal percentage was 16.3% without PAC addition and chlorination before sand filtration; on the other hand it was 51.5% with PAC and chlorination. AOC increased by the chlorination of picoplankton including 6,800 cells/L of picophytoplankton was 21 μg-acetateC/L at 0.1 mg/L of residual free chlorine. The AOC was increased by the increase of residual chlorine concentration, and leveled off at 0.3 mg-Cl/L. From the result, the AOC originating from picoplankton (maximum AOC from picophytoplankton) could increase up to 155 μg-acetateC/L in this reservoir. It indicates that the removal of picoplankton (picophytoplankton) in drinking water treatment process is important from the viewpoint of AOC control.

Study on the Advanced Treatment Technology for Wastewater Containing both Zn2+ and Cd2+

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 1098-1103
Author(s):  
Guo Zhong Huang ◽  
Deng Kun Li ◽  
Xue Min Miao ◽  
Jun Feng Wang ◽  
Li Jie Bao
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Combination Process ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Modified Zeolite

The removal of heavy metal ions is very significant for the restoration of ecological environment and recycling utilization of water resources. By using the advanced treatment technology for wastewater such as strengthening coagulant, adsorption by modified zeolite and the combination of both，respectively, the influence of different parameters like adding dosage of coagulant and flow rate of raw water on the removal efficiency of zinc and cadmium ions from wastewater was investigated, and the operating conditions were optimized. The results showed that the removal efficiency of zinc and cadmium ions from wastewater both improved in the combination process of strengthening coagulant and adsorption by modified zeolite, and they increased by 5.8% and 2.8% respectively than that of strengthening coagulation process alone, while the removal efficiency of zinc ion increased by 4.5% than that of adsorption by modified zeolite process alone. The removal efficiency of zinc and cadmium ions both gradually increased with increasing adding dose of coagulant, but they decreased when flow rate of raw water increased. In the combination treatment process of strengthening coagulant and adsorption by modified zeolite, the suitable operating condition were selected as 8 of initial pH of wastewater, 18 mg/L of polyaluminium chloride (PAC), 9mg/L of polyacrylamide (PAM), 150g of modified zeolite and 20L/h of flow rate of raw water.

scholarly journals Grain displacement during backwash of drinking water filters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Ramsay ◽  
Feng Du ◽  
Majbritt Lund ◽  
Haiyan He ◽  
Ditte A. Søborg
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Study Country ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Backwashing rapid sand filters causes inadvertent displacement of filter media grains from their previous depths. This displacement can affect the hydraulic function of filters by mixing or segregating media grains, and the function of biofilters through displacement of active biomass and coatings from proper depths. This study quantifies grain displacement in a pilot-scale filter using tracer grains of colored sand, glass beads, anthracite and garnet to determine the effect of grain size, density and shape on grain displacement. Statistical moments are used to describe the depth distributions resulting from displacement during backwashing. Results show that significant grain displacement occurs during backwash consisting of air scour, air-and-water wash and sub-fluidization water-only wash. Here, displacement is largely independent of grain size, density and shape. When fluidization backwash is used, greater displacement and more dependence on grain characteristics is seen. A variety of grain movement phenomena can be observed during the backwashing steps, indicating that grain movement and therefore the resulting displacement is highly inhomogeneous in four dimensions. These results have direct practical implications for the design of rapid sand filters and the optimization of backwashing procedures, while suggesting that the current widespread backwashing practice used in the case study country (Denmark) should be abandoned.

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