Local infiltration devices at parking sites – Experimental assessment of temporal changes in hydraulic and contaminant removal capacity

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Achleitner ◽  
C. Engelhard ◽  
U. Stegner ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Chemical Conditions

On site infiltration of stormwater is a common practice in order to avoid hydraulic overload of the urban drainage system. If hydrological conditions allow on-site infiltration – this is even mandatory from a legal point of view. Focus in this work is on surface infiltration of stormwater from parking lots. Proper operation of those devices is assumed to be appr. 15 years, as permits granted are limited to this time. Questions are raised whether this considered life expectancy is feasible. One apprehension is a possible clogging effect reducing the hydraulic capacity of the swale. The second aim was to identify magnitudes of accumulated pollutant loads with respect to limitations onto lifetime. The experimental investigation covered infiltration swales of different ages from eleven supermarket parking lots in Tyrol. Hydraulic permeabilities were assessed as well as chemical conditions of the soil material regarding hydrocarbon index (HI) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd). Further mass balance of contaminants has been performed in order to assess the operational life time based on pollutant load consideration. Calculations were based on load estimations using literature based minima and maxima concentrations from surface flows. Testing the correlation of hydraulic and pollutant measurements against site specific parameters (age, traffic load) revealed no distinct relation. In general all measured pollutants were found under limit concentrations. Mass balance calculations showed that limit concentrations are not exceeded either for worst case loading and considering 15 years of operation.

scholarly journals A New Technique for Multiple-Path Creation in AODV Protocol Based on Composite Criterion Consisting of the Factors of Energy, Traffic Load and Stability of Nodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5577-5585
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Path Creation ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Hoc Networks

Not long ago mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) became one of the most recent and famous trends in the field of wireless communications. This is because, it permits the mobile appliances for communication with each other at any instant anyplace without the need of pre-defined infrastructure or centralized management. As the absence of centralized administration, the free movement of appliances and the limited resources of MANET, the designing of routing protocols have been becoming the main fundamental challenge that meet MANET till now. Furthermore, nodes with heavily traffic load may exhaust their energy in routing others packets resulting in unstable network and hence performance deterioration. In this essay we present a new version of one of the well prominent reactive routing protocols named Ad Hoc On Demand distance Vector (AODV). The suggested version aims to make the original AODV more efficient in terms of the energy consumption of nodes, traffic load distribution among nodes and routes stabilization. The suggested scheme is called, Energy efficient, Load balanced and Stabilized Multi routes- AODV (ELSM-AODV), where the paths selection is based on a composite criterion, named Node Efficiency Factor (NEF) which contain all factors that have direct impact on the performance level and life time of MANET (e.g. energy, speed, distance and traffic load of nodes). Performance assessment and comparison between suggested schema (ELSM-AODV) and standard AODV has been performed using network emulator NS2. Simulation results evidenced that performance of the suggested protocol outperform standard AODV from point of view: correct packets delivery ratio, end to end delay time, normalized routing load and nodes energy consumption.

Statistical modeling of drill pipes operational life-time under a regular loading

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
V.I. Kucheryavy ◽  
◽  
A.M. Sharygin ◽  
V.L. Savich ◽  
S.N. Milkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Drill Pipes

Polarization Characteristics to Wear Ratio of Anti-Fouling Paint

2015 ◽  
Vol 1110 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Kyung Man Moon ◽  
Dong Hyun Park ◽  
Yun Hae Kim ◽  
Tae Sil Baek
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Limiting Current Density ◽  
Wear Ratio ◽  
Polarization Characteristics ◽  
Lower Variation

Recently, anti-fouling paints which does not include the poison components such as tin (Sn) free, copper (Cu) free have been increasingly developed in order to decrease the contamination of marine environment. Moreover, the wear ratios of these anti-fouling paints are very important problem to prolong their life time in economical and environmental point of view. In this study, four types of anti-fouling paints as self-polishing type were investigated on the relationship between their polarization characteristics and wear ratios. Relationship between wear ratio and variation ratio of polarization resistance measured in corrosion potential was not well matched with each other. However, there was a good agreement between the wear ratio and variation ratio of diffusion limiting current density, for example, the higher or the lower variation ratio of diffusion limiting current density, wear ratio also increased or decreased respectively. Consequently, it is suggested that we can qualitatively expect the life time and wear degree of anti-fouling paint by only measuring the polarization characteristics before the wear test is practically performed in the field.Keywords: Anti-fouling paint, Self-polishing type, Polarization characteristics, Wear ratio, Diffusion limiting current density, Corrosion Potential

scholarly journals An Analytic Theologian Stance on the Existence of God

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Paul Göcke
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The One

The existence of God is once again the focus of vivid philosophical discussion. From the point of view of analytic theology, however, people often talk past each other when they debate about the putative existence or non- existence of God. In the worst case, for instance, atheists deny the existence of a God, which no theists ever claimed to exist. In order to avoid confusions like this we need to be clear about the function of the term ‘God’ in its different contexts of use. In what follows, I distinguish between the functions of ‘God’ in philosophical contexts on the one hand and in theological contexts on the other in order to provide a schema, which helps to avoid confusion in the debate on the existence or non-existence of God.

scholarly journals Impact of Background Traffic on Speech Quality in VoWLAN

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Počta ◽  
Peter Kortiš ◽  
Martin Vaculík
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Background Traffic ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes measurements of the impact of background traffic on speech quality in an environment of WLANs (IEEE 802.11). The simulated background traffic consists of three types of current traffics in telecommunication networks such as data transfer service, multimedia streaming service, and Web service. The background traffic was generated by means of the accomplished Distributed Internet Traffic Generator (D-ITG). The impact of these types of traffic and traffic load on speech quality using the test sequence and speech sequences is the aim of this paper. The assessment of speech quality is carried out by means of the accomplished Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) algorithm. The proposal of a new method for improved detection of the critical conditions in wireless telecommunication networks from the speech quality point of view is presented in this paper. Conclusion implies the next application of the method of improved detection of critical conditions for the purpose of algorithms for link adaptation from the speech quality point of view in an environment of WLANs. The primary goal of these algorithms is improving speech quality in the VoWLAN connections, which are established in the competent link.

Metachromasia Observed in the Living Eggs of Arbacia punctulata and its Cytochemical Analysis

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-240
Author(s):  
Jacques Mulnard ◽  
Walter Auclair ◽  
Douglas Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Van Der Waals Forces ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Arbacia Punctulata ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Basic Dyes ◽  
Living Material ◽  
Chemical Conditions

It has long been known that metachromasia (a change that occurs in the absorption spectrum of certain basic dyes when placed under certain conditions) can be used as a valuable, though not specific, cytochemical method. The physical as well as the chemical conditions promoting metachromasia or affecting its intensity have been studied in vitro on microscopic sections of fixed tissues and, sometimes, on living material by numerous investigators (see Dalcq & Massart, 1952). From a chemical point of view it can be assumed that metachromasia is due to ‘an electro-absorption of the cation of the basic dye by the acidic groupings of macromolecules, followed by an orientation of the organic skeleton of the dye by van der Waals forces’ (Massart, 1953). Studying the metachromasia of living bacterial suspensions, Massart came to the conclusion that the substance responsible for it must be an acidic polysaccharide localized at the surface of the bacteria.

Analysis of Omega-Gate Nanowire SOI MOSFET Under Analog Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Welder Fernandes Perina ◽  
João Antonio Martino ◽  
Paula Ghedini Der Agopian
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Channel Effects ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Short Channel ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Channel Effects ◽  
Electrostatic Coupling ◽  
Channel Lengths ◽  
P Type ◽  
New Applications

This paper presents an evaluation of omega-gate nanowire n- and p-type SOI MOSFETs performance focusing on the main analog figures of merit. The different channel widths (WNW) and channel lengths (L) were also evaluated. These devices presented values of subthreshold slope near the theoretical limit at room temperature (60 mV/dec) and in the worst case a DIBL value smaller than 70 mV/V showing its immunity to short channel effects (SCEs) in the range studied. The narrowest device showed great electrostatic coupling, improving transconductance (gm), presenting an unit gain frequency over 200 GHz and intrinsic voltage gain over 80 dB. These values suggests that this device is capable of achieving good performance on new applications such as 5G communications and Internet-of-Things (IoT).

Initial Price Strategies of Polish Micro and Small Enterprises

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Mariusz Maciejczak ◽  
Adrian Słodki
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Real Market ◽  
And Performance

The sector of micro, small and medium size enterprises is important for any economy. It is important also for Poland. Analyzing the industrial organization of this sector it was confirmed that the owners and managers of such companies are applying strategies, which are rational from their point of view, but not from the perspective of real market conditions. It is argued therefore that the game theory is for them a solution in enhancing competences and performance of their organizations. Based on randomized sample of Polish micro and small companies the paper aimed to find out if the managers apply the game theory rationales when choosing price strategy when enter the market. It was confirmed that they do not and that they don't play Nash equilibrium in the strategic interaction when it comes to the price level. There was applied maxmin strategy, which maximises the worst - case scenario from the game. Thus there is a real chance that if entrepreneurs would analyze the situation with respect of game theory, their strategies would be more accurate and provide better outcomes.

A Study of the State of the Art in Synthetic Emotional Intelligence in Affective Computing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1199-1212
Author(s):  
Syeda Erfana Zohora ◽  
A. M. Khan ◽  
Arvind K. Srivastava ◽  
Nhu Gia Nguyen ◽  
Nilanjan Dey
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Tremendous Amount

In the last few decades there has been a tremendous amount of research on synthetic emotional intelligence related to affective computing that has significantly advanced from the technological point of view that refers to academic studies, systematic learning and developing knowledge and affective technology to a extensive area of real life time systems coupled with their applications. The objective of this paper is to present a general idea on the area of emotional intelligence in affective computing. The overview of the state of the art in emotional intelligence comprises of basic definitions and terminology, a study of current technological scenario. The paper also proposes research activities with a detailed study of ethical issues, challenges with importance on affective computing. Lastly, we present a broad area of applications such as interactive learning emotional systems, modeling emotional agents with an intention of employing these agents in human computer interactions as well as in education.

scholarly journals Fighting with the Lernean Hydra: Greek Humanitarian Crisis Enters Worst-Case Scenario. Comment on: Joseph, L.; Ismail, S.A.; Gunst, M.; Jarman, K.; Prior, D.; Harris, M.; Abbara, A. A Qualitative Research Study Which Explores Humanitarian Stakeholders’ Views on Healthcare Access for Refugees in Greece. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6972

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8253
Author(s):  
Ourania S. Kotsiou ◽  
Panagiotis Kotsios ◽  
Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis ◽  
Vaios Kotsios
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Shed Light

Liz Joseph and collaborators shed light upon the real challenges of securing health during the Greek humanitarian crisis from the point of view of the key stakeholders in healthcare access, reflecting the need to reform a range of different contexts and types of humanitarian response [...]

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