The beneficial effects of storage on the quality of wastewater for irrigation: a case study in Sicily

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mancini ◽  
C. Barone ◽  
P. Roccaro ◽  
F.G.A. Vagliasindi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reservoir Volume

Although the main function of reservoirs in agriculture is to allow the storage and temporal shifting of large volumes of waters, further benefits emerge from their application in wastewater reuse systems. In fact, as observed in several other studies carried out on such complex natural systems, the storage period, under proper conditions, can lead to a significant improvement of the water quality for irrigation thanks to concurrent physical, chemical and biological processes. In order to investigate the reservoir dynamics, an experimental research was carried out in a farm reservoir (volume of 11,000 m3, maximum depth of 6.3 m and mean depth of about 5 m), receiving treated wastewater and subject to scheduled highly variable input to volume ratios, in order to observe the broadest range of behaviour responses. Specifically, over a monitoring period lasted 4 months, the reservoir was operated as a standard batch reactor in the first and third phases and as a continuous flow reactor in the second one. Based on correlation analysis between the chemical, physical and biological water parameters and operational ones, a new operative index is proposed which integrates the morphological characteristics of the tank and the management ones, and shows a significant correlation with the qualitative characteristics of the stored water.

Wastewater modification processes assessment in a stabilization reservoir

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mannina ◽  
G. Mancini ◽  
M. Torregrossa ◽  
G. Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effluent Quality

A semi-empirical mechanistic model able to simulate the dynamics of a stabilization reservoir was developed incorporating both settling of particulate components and chemical/biological processes. Several factors affecting the reservoir effluent quality were taken into account: hydraulics and hydrology, solar radiation, atmospheric reaeration, algae, zooplankton, organic matter, pathogen bacteria, and sediment-water interaction. The model quantifies the specific influence of each factor on effluent quality, evaluating the correlation between the different considered factors. State variables included in the model were: algae, dissolved oxygen, organic matter, zooplankton and indicator bacteria. The model was transferred into a computational code in order to provide a useful and versatile tool for water resource planning management issues. The model was verified by comparing simulated results with full-scale data collected from a small reservoir (Sicily, IT) filled with partially treated wastewater. The reservoir has a volume of 11,000 m3, a maximum depth of 6.3 m and a mean depth of about 5 m. The monitoring period lasted four months during which the reservoir operated in different hydraulics conditions: as a standard batch reactor and as a continuous flow reactor. The model was able to reproduce the behaviour of the principal simulated parameters thus representing a potential tool for the management and performance optimization of these peculiar storage/treatment systems.

Expert system for municipal wastewater management with emphasis in reuse

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Economopoulou ◽  
A.P. Economopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Assimilative Capacity ◽  
Natural Systems

This paper presents a methodology that uses a knowledge base and inference procedures for developing rational wastewater management schemes for small to medium size communities with emphasis in the protection of human health, the reuse of treated wastewater, and the pollution minimization of water receivers. The system provides an optimal year-round treatment/reuse/disposal plan, which maximizes the wastewater reuse for irrigation, meets the applicable minimum municipal wastewater treatment requirements and observes the water quality standards of receivers with the minimum treatment costs. The solution is dynamic in the sense that varying monthly design values can be assigned to the input variables used in the computation of irrigation requirements, assimilative capacity of receivers and performance of natural systems. The above procedure shows that the use of multiple receivers over the year is often highly advantageous; combining for example the increased treatment efficiency and reuse potential for irrigation during summer with the increased assimilative capacity of a river during winter. The expert system incorporates a number of design and ambient quality models, for which graphical solutions have been developed, so as to enable manual application if desired. The entire procedure is implemented in an integrated computer program that facilitates and refines problem solution. The expert system provides interactive guidance for collecting the necessary field information. Finally, the results of a case study for the management of wastewaters from the six communities of the Municipality of Keramoti are presented.

Helminth eggs in wastewater: quantification technique

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Gaspard ◽  
J. Schwartzbrod
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Analysis ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Waste Water Analysis ◽  
Good Homogeneity

In the framework of agricultural wastewater reuse, the W.H.O. has defined a parasitological quality for sewage with less than one nematode egg per liter. The purpose of this work is to define an effective method to detect helminth eggs in wastewater. Seven techniques have been applied to waste water analysis, with a comparison of their respective results, varying from 26 to 74 %. Be it in the framework of artificial contamination or on site, the best results were obtained with the diphasic technique perfected at the laboratory including a treatment with antiformine at 8 % + ethylacetate followed by a flotation with zinc sulphate at 55%. The validation in the laboratory of the methods performance on treated wastewater allowed us to show that the yield of the method is significantly independent of the egg concentration as well as giving good homogeneity of results with a concentration of 1 egg/litre.

Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Juanico ◽  
Eran Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

scholarly journals Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Aakash Dev ◽  
Timo C. Dilly ◽  
Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽  
Ulrich Dittmer ◽  
S. Murty Bhallamudi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Graywater Reuse ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

scholarly journals Treated Wastewater Irrigation—A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Hashem ◽  
Xue-Bin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Resource Utilization ◽  
Extension Program ◽  
Agricultural Demand

As the most important resource for life, water has been a central issue on the international agenda for several decades. Yet, the world’s supply of clean freshwater is steadily decreasing due to extensive agricultural demand for irrigated lands. Therefore, water resources should be used with greater efficiency, and the use of non-traditional water resources, such as Treated Wastewater (TW), should be increased. Reusing TW could be an alternative option to increase water resources. Thus, many countries have decided to turn wastewater into an irrigation resource to help meet urban demand and address water shortages. However, because of the nature of that water, there are potential problems associated with its use in irrigation. Some of the major concerns are health hazards, salinity build-up, and toxicity hazards. The objectives of this comprehensive literature review are to illuminate the importance of using TW in irrigation as an alternative freshwater source and to assess the effects of its use on soil fertility and other soil properties, plants, and public health. The literature review reveals that TW reuse has become part of the extension program for boosting water resource utilization. However, the uncontrolled application of such waters has many unfavorable effects on both soils and plants, especially in the long-term. To reduce these unfavorable effects when using TW in irrigation, proper guidelines for wastewater reuse and management should be followed to limit negative effects significantly.

Optimization and statistical analysis of sono-Fenton treated wastewater of food industry using reactor by response surface method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay A. Juwar ◽  
Ajit P. Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio

Abstract The present study deals with the treatment of complex waste (WW) treated for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the food industry by a sono-Fenton process using a batch reactor. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the five independent variables, such as reaction time, the molar ratio of H2O2/Fe2+, volume ratio of H2O2/WW, pH of waste, and ultrasonic density on COD removal. The experimental data was optimized. The optimization yields the conditions: Reaction time of 24 min, HP:Fe molar ratio of 2.8, HP:WW volume ratio of 1.9 ml/L, pH of 3.6 and an ultrasonic density of 1.8 W/L. The predicted value of COD was 91% and the experimental result was 90%. The composite desirability value (D) of the predicted percent of COD removal at the optimized level of variables was close to one (D = 0.991).

Nitrogen removal from digester supernatant via nitrite - SBR or SHARON?

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fux ◽  
K. Lange ◽  
A. Faessler ◽  
P. Huber ◽  
B. Grueniger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Sharon Process

Separate biological elimination of nitrogen from the digester supernatant of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated in pilot and full-scale plants. Denitrification mainly via nitrite was achieved in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a continuous flow reactor (CSTR or SHARON). Suppression of nitrite oxidation in the SBR was feasible at short aerobic/anaerobic intervals allowing for immediate denitrification of the produced nitrite. Nitrate production could also be stopped by exposing the biomass to anaerobic conditions for 11 days. Temporarily high concentrations (up to 80 gNH3-Nm-3) of free ammonia could not be considered as the major reason for inhibiting nitrite oxidation. In a full-scale SBR plant 90% of the nitrogen load was denitrified in a total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.6 days and with a sludge age between 15 and 20 days. Ethanol and methanol were used for denitrification. The specific average substrate consumption was 2.2 gCODdosedg-1Nremoved with an effective biomass yield of 0.2 gCODbiomassg-1CODdosed. No dosing with base was required. In the SHARON process full nitrogen elimination was achieved only with a total HRT greater than 4 days at 29°C. The overall costs were estimated at €1.4 kg-1Nremoved for the SBR and €1.63 kg-1Nremoved in SHARON mode, respectively. The SHARON process is simple in operation (CSTR) but the tank volume has to be significantly greater than in SBR.

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