Simple wastewater treatment (UASB reactor, shallow polishing ponds, coarse rock filter) allowing compliance with different reuse criteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. von Sperling ◽  
J.G.B. de Andrada
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Very High ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

UASB reactors followed by polishing ponds comprise simple and economic wastewater treatment systems, capable of reaching very high removal efficiencies of pathogenic organisms, leading to the potential use of the effluent for unrestricted irrigation. However, for other types of reuse (urban and industrial), ponds are limited in the sense of producing effluents with high suspended solids (algae) concentrations. The work investigates a system with coarse rock filters for polishing the pond effluent. The overall performance of the system is analyzed, together with the potential for different types of reuse. The excellent results obtained (mean effluent concentrations: BOD: 27 mg/L; SS: 26 mg/L; E. coli: 450 MPN/100 mL) indicate the possibility of unrestricted use of the effluent for agriculture and restricted urban and industrial uses, according to WHO and USEPA.

Performance evaluation of a simple wastewater treatment system comprised by UASB reactor, shallow polishing ponds and coarse rock filter

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos von Sperling ◽  
Carolina Moreira Oliveira ◽  
Juliana G. B. Andrada ◽  
Valéria M. Godinho ◽  
Fernando A. L. Assunção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
In Series ◽  
Overall Performance

The work investigates a small full-scale wastewater treatment system comprised by the following units in series: UASB reactor, three polishing ponds and one coarse rock filter. The overall performance of the system is analyzed based on three years of monitoring using physical-chemical and biological parameters. Good organic matter, suspended solids and ammonia removal is achieved, together with excellent coliform removal (5.70 log units). Mean effluent concentrations of the main parameters are: BOD: 39 mg/L; COD: 109 mg/L; SS = 41 mg/L; ammonia: 10 mg/L; E. coli: 540 MPN/100 mL, indicating compliance with many regulations for effluent discharge and reuse. Main algal classes found in the ponds and final effluent were chlorophyta and euglenophyta. The system is completely unmechanized and has a relatively small total hydraulic retention time (less than 13 days), compared with most natural treatment processes. No sludge removal from the ponds and filter has been necessary so far.

The effects of timbre on absolute pitch judgment

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573561989343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Test Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Very High

This article reports the high prevalence of Absolute Pitch (AP) among students at Shanghai Conservatory of Music and explores the effects of timbre on AP judgment through a large-scale direct-test study. This study used two types of timbres (piano timbre and string timbre) to explore the correlation between the different types of timbre and note-naming accuracy. The participants included 71 undergraduate students majoring in piano and string at Shanghai Conservatory of Music, who had begun musical training at an age ⩽ 9 and focused on Western tonal music. The main results showed that the overall performance levels were very high and that the students scored 73% correct without semitone errors and 80% with semitone errors. All groups exhibited higher performance in judging pitches in piano timbre than string timbre. In addition, after listening to piano timbre, the accuracy in judging pitches in string timbre was significantly increased, and after listening to string timbre, the accuracy in judging pitches in piano timbre decreased but not significantly.

Inactivation of E. coli and helminth eggs in aerobic and anaerobic effluents using UV radiation

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. de Lemos Chernicharo ◽  
J.C. de Castro Silva ◽  
A.M. Zerbini ◽  
V.M. Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Mercury Lamp ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Very High

This paper evaluates the performance of a simplified bench-scale UV-photoreactor used to inactivate Escherichia coli and eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides. The photoreactor consisted of a tubular unit constructed with PVC tube, 100 mm diameter and 45 cm total height, with a low-pressure mercury lamp adapted in the centre of the tube. The reactor was tested to disinfect the effluents from a trickling filter and from an UASB reactor, both fed with domestic sewage. The results showed an excellent performance of the photoreactor, with very high E. coli inactivation efficiencies being observed for the aerobic effluent (in the range of 4 to 5 log-units, for doses varying from 50.7 to 13.6 mW.s.cm−2) and also for the effluent from the UASB reactor (usually above 4 log-units, for doses of 20.3 and 13.6 mW.s.cm−2). In relation to the inactivation of helminth eggs, it was observed that UV radiation significantly affected the development of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, with the better results being obtained for radiation times of 40 and 60 seconds (doses of 13.6 and 20.3 mW.s.cm−2, respectively), when approximately 65% of the eggs remained in the stage of single cell and only 9 to 10% were able to fully develop to the stage of motile larva.

Cost Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rantala ◽  
P Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

The costs of different types of aerobic, anaerobic and combined wastewater treatment systems are compared in this study. The assumed BOD or COD-loads from typical forest industry processes form the basis of comparison. General cost curves for various waste treatment processes and some case examples are also presented. In the calculations it is assumed that the wastewater is treated to the same effluent quality by using activated sludge, modified activated sludge and combination of anaerobic-aerobic treatment process. In anaerobic-aerobic systems different types of combinations are analyzed. Investment, running and annual costs have been evaluated for each system. The study shows that selection of the method or combination of methods must always be made case by case. It has been found out that in some cases the anaerobic-aerobic process combination is economically competitive. Competitiveness will increase if biogas can be utilized and a moderate price could be calculated for it. In some cases activated sludge, and especially aerated lagoon processes, has a disadvantage of requiring larger treatment spaces. Poor soil conditions and long distances to lead effluent may significantly increase the cost of these aerobic treatment methods.

UASB-Process Design for Various Types of Wastewaters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lettinga ◽  
L. W. Hulshoff Pol
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Uasb Reactors

In this paper the design of UASB-reactors is discussed for different types of wastewater, viz. industrial soluble non-complex wastewaters, SS-rich complex wastewaters and domestic sewage. The paper not only deals with the UASB-reactor design, but also with other treatment steps, pre- as well as post-treatment, that are required for as complete as possible overall wastewater purification.

scholarly journals Swine wastewater treatment using an anaerobic baffled (ARB) and a UASB reactor system

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3705
Author(s):  
Luciano Dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Cristina Araujo Pinto ◽  
Joyce Da Cruz Ferraz Dutra ◽  
Renata Rodrigues Sampaio ◽  
Stella Rubim de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The purpose of this study was to assess the swine wastewater treatment system, consisting of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), followed by the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at full scale. The system was monitored by analyzing samples collected in the influent and effluent of ABR and UASB. The following parameters were analyzed: temperature, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Averages of total removal of COD and BOD were 96.7 and 98.4%, respectively. The mean concentrations of COD, BOD, TSS, and VSS at the final effluent were 611, 124, 138, and 134 mg L-1, respectively. The mean volumetric organic loadings (VOL) at the ABR and UASB were 10.29 and 0.99 kg COD m-1d-1. Therefore, the ABR-UASB system was found to be a promising alternative for the swine wastewater treatment.

Characterization of anaerobic granular sludge developed in UASB reactors that treat ethanol, carbohydrates and hydrolyzed protein based wastewaters

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Molina ◽  
C. García ◽  
E. Roca ◽  
J. M. Lema
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Density ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Hydrolyzed Protein ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Uasb Reactors

In this work, granules developed from UASB reactors that treat different types of wastewaters (ethanol, carbohydrates and protein-based synthetic wastewaters) were studied. Granule parameters (size distribution; density; settlement characteristics; elemental composition; acidogenic and methanogenic activities) were analyzed along with micro-organisms identified by FISH to better understand granule behavior and its formation process. Micro-organisms distributions in anaerobic granules are highly dependent on the type of treated wastewater. Granules developed in a UASB reactor that treats wastewater with a high content of carbohydrates presented high acidogenic bacteria colonization. Members of Methanosaetaceae were the dominant methanogens in the studied granules, and Methanobacteriales appear to be co-dominant in the granules developed with carbohydrates and protein-based wastewaters.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli contamination of groundwater in Metro City, Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Qanza Nurul Jannah ◽  
Gita Lestari Putri
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Very High

Groundwater sources are widely used to supply water for drinking and other domestic purposes in Metro City, Indonesia. The presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator of fecal contamination in the water source. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of E. coli contamination in groundwater at Metro City. The analysis was conducted on 253 households in 5 sub-districts using groundwater samples from different types of wells such as boreholes, protected wells, and unprotected wells. The E. coli concentrations were determined using the Colilert-18 method with IDEXX Quanti-Tray 2000 and the results showed the highest levels of contamination were in unprotected wells. E. coli was detected in 71% of water sources with 36% classified as very high risk or above 100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/100ml based on WHO standards. The findings, showed that the protection of water sources has the ability to reduce the risk of contamination.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Evaluation of Five Influent Distribution Systems in a Cylindrical UASB Reactor Using CFD Simulations

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3141
Author(s):  
Juan F. Cisneros ◽  
Fabiola Cobos ◽  
Manuel Raul Pelaez-Samaniego ◽  
Usman Rehman ◽  
Ingmar Nopens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Hydrodynamic Evaluation ◽  
The One ◽  
Uasb Reactors

UASB reactors are a promising option for environmentally friendly wastewater treatment due to their reduced carbon footprint and their capacity to treat a variety of wastewater strengths, among other recognized advantages over alternative wastewater treatment systems. The Influent Distribution System (IDS) is a critical structure for generating granules in a UASB reactor since it provides the required flow hydrodynamics for their formation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of five IDS configurations to generate ideal granulation conditions using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The IDS configurations were as follows: (C1) single radial inflow, (C2) upward axial inflow, (C3) downward distributed axial inflow, and two novel configurations in the form of (C4) double opposite radial inflow and (C5) downward tangential inflow. The hydrodynamic response of configuration C1 was validated in a physical model with dynamic Froude similitude. The granulation measurement was velocity-based in the reactor reaction zone using steady-state CFD simulations. The novel IDS configuration C4 was the one that resulted in the highest granulation volume, with up to 45.5% of the potential granulation volume of the UASB reactor, in contrast to the IDS C2 that obtained the lowest granulation with only 10.8%. Results confirm that the IDS directly impacts the hydrodynamics of the reactor and that model-based design can be used to ascertain IDS configurations that better promote granulation in UASB reactors.

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