Enhanced sludge conditioning by enzyme pre-treatment: comparison of laboratory and pilot scale dewatering results

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dursun ◽  
M. Turkmen ◽  
M. Abu-Orf ◽  
S.K. Dentel
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
Network Strength ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Solids Content

The effect of enzyme pre-treatment on dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge was investigated at both laboratory and pilot scale. Our results revealed a significant increase in cake solid content (27% cake solids compared to 18% without enzyme pre-treatment), using an enzyme dose of only 20 mg/L. In order to assess practical application, enzyme pre-treatment was applied at the Wilmington, Delaware (US) wastewater treatment plant, using a pilot-scale centrifuge. However, the efficiency reached in laboratory scale could not be obtained in pilot scale, where the final cake solids content did not exceed 20%. Centrifuge and belt filter press (simulated by Crown Press™) dewatering were compared in terms of the process efficiencies in the absence and presence of enzyme pre-treatment. Possible factors that might cause the differences were tested by experimental and statistical comparisons. Results indicated that the higher shear applied in centrifugation is responsible for the lack of improved cake solids. The network strength of sludge determined by rheological measurements revealed that enzymatic treatment weakens the gel structure of the sludge floc through the hydrolysis of extracellular polymeric substances; this allows improved dewatering by filtration processes, but leads to floc deterioration when subjected to high shear during centrifugation.

Full scale experience with tannery water management: an integrated approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Wiegant ◽  
T. J. J. Kalker ◽  
V. N. Sontakke ◽  
R. R. Zwaag
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
System A ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Solids Content

In this article, an overview is given of the proposed and actual activities that are undertaken to reduce the pollution from the approximately 180 tanneries in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. As a part of an action plan to reduce the pollution of the river Ganga, this project includes in-house measures to reduce the output of chromium by the tanneries, and pre-treatment at the tanneries to reduce the solids content of the wastewater and to facilitate maintenance of the sewer system. A treatment plant consisting of two Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactors, followed by a post-treatment facility, reduces the wastewater pollution by approximately 80% of BOD, COD, and TSS. However, sulphide output is still high, owing to the high sulphate concentrations in the wastewater. The sludge produced during the operations is projected to be used as a fertilizer.

scholarly journals Mild Thermal Pre-Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge to Increase Loading Capacity, Biogas Production, and Solids’ Degradation: A Pilot-Scale Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6059
Author(s):  
Adrian Gonzalez ◽  
Hongxiao Guo ◽  
Oscar Ortega-Ibáñez ◽  
Coert Petri ◽  
Jules B. van Lier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Refractory Compounds ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Pre Treatment

Sludge pre-treatments are emerging as part of the disposal process of solid by-products of wastewater purification. One of their benefits is the increase in methane production rate and/or yield, along with higher loading capacities of existing digesters. In this study, we report the performance of a pilot-scale compartmentalized digester (volume of 18.6 m3) that utilized a mild thermal pre-treatment at 70 °C coupled with hydrogen peroxide dosing. Compared with a reference conventional anaerobic digester, this technique allowed an increased organic loading rate from 1.4 to 4.2 kg volatile solids (VS)/(m3d) and an increment in the solids degradation from 40 to 44%. To some extent, these improvements were promoted by the solubilization of the tightly-bound fraction of the extracellular polymeric substances to looser and more accessible fractions without the formation of refractory compounds. In sum, our results suggest that this pre-treatment method could increase the treatment capacity of existing digesters without significant retrofitting.

The feasibility of electro-osmotic belt filter dewatering technology at pilot scale

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Snyman ◽  
P. Forssman ◽  
A. Kafaar ◽  
M. Smollen
Keyword(s):  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

Sewage sludge is typically dewatered using drying beds, belt filter presses or centrifuges. Mechanical dewatering of sludge is costly in terms of capital and running costs, especially the flocculent. In an attempt to address the need for more cost-effective dewatering technologies, electro-osmotic belt filtering was developed by Smollen and Kafaar in 1995. Themechanical equipment resembles a belt filter press but the belts are stainless steel, woven belts, which act as the electrodes. In this study, thefeasibility of the technology was tested at pilot scale using wasteactivated-, anaerobically digested- and dissolved air flotation sludge. The parameters which were investigated includes the applied voltage, polyelectrolyteusage and sludge feed rate. Applied voltage of between 15 and 25 volts increased the dewatering significantly in the waste activated- and anaerobically digested sludge. Applying a voltage in dissolved air flotation sludge could not enhance the efficiency of dewatering, unless stored to de-air. The technology was found as sensitive to polyelectrolyte dosages as belt presses. The performance of the electro-osmotic belt filter was sensitive to feed rate, but performed well with non-thickened waste activated sludge (0.61% solids), resulting in cake solids above 20%.

Treatment of winery wastewater in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andreottola ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
M. Ragazzi ◽  
R. Villa
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pilot-scale experiments were carried out applying the SBBR process (Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor) for the treatment of winery wastewater. The aim was the evaluation of the SBBR performance and the development of a control strategy based on dissolved oxygen (DO) for the optimisation of the SBBR treatment cycle and the minimisation of the energy supply. The results of the experimentation have confirmed the applicability of the SBBR process pointing out high COD removal efficiencies between 86% and 99%, with applied loads up to 29 gCOD m−2 d−1, corresponding to 8.8 kgCOD m−3 d−1. The on-line monitoring of DO concentration appeared as a good indicator of the progress in the COD biodegradation. The control strategy for the ending of the SBBR cycles was based on the time derivative of the DO concentration. The optimised control strategy makes it possible to obtain a steady quality of the effluent wastewater with an average daily applied load of 6.3 kgCOD m−3 d−1 rather than 3.5 kgCOD m−3 d−1 for the non-optimised SBBR cycle. The possibility of optimising the SBBR cycle through a simple control of the DO in the mixed liquor could be an interesting solution for the biological pre-treatment of winery wastewater to be discharged into sewerage or as a single-stage of a combined treatment plant for the discharge into surface water.

scholarly journals The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skrzypiecbcef ◽  
Magdalena H. Gajewskaad
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Constructed wetlands are characterized by specific conditions enabling simultaneous various physical and biochemical processes. This is the result of specific environment for the growth of microorganisms and hydrophytes (aquatic and semiaquatic plants) which are capable of living in aerobic, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions. Their interaction contributes to the intensification of oxidation and reduction responsible for the removal and retention of pollutants. These processes are supported by sorption, sedimentation and assimilation. Thanks to these advantages, treatment wetland systems have been used in communal management for over 50 years. In recent years, thanks to its advantages, low operational costs and high removal efficiency, there is growing interest in the use of constructed wetlands for the treatment or pre-treatment of various types of industrial wastewater. The study analyzes current use of these facilities for the treatment of industrial wastewater in the world. The conditions of use and efficiency of pollutants removal from readily and slowly biodegradable wastewater, with special emphasis on specific and characteristic pollutants of particular industries were presented. The use of subsurface horizontal flow beds for the treatment of industrial wastewater, among others from crude oil processing, paper production, food industry including wineries and distillery, olive oil production and coffee processing was described. In Poland constructed wetlands are used for the treatment of sewage and sludge from milk processing in pilot scale or for dewatering of sewage sludge produced in municipal wastewater treatment plant treating domestic sewage with approximately 40% share of wastewater from dairy and fish industry. In all cases, constructed wetlands provided an appropriate level of treatment and in addition the so-called ecosystem service.

An Investigation into the Pre-Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Prior to Aerobic Biological Treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kasapgil ◽  
G. K. Anderson ◽  
O. Ince
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Dissolved Air

Implementation of the EC Directive on Urban Wastewater Treatment has led to the introduction of more stringent discharge standards being imposed by the Regulating Agencies in the United Kingdom. It is for this reason that this investigation into the pre-treatment of a dairy wastewater prior to aerobic biological treatment was carried out. In order to upgrade the existing treatment plant at a local dairy a Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) and an anaerobic digestion system as pre-treatment process were studied at pilot - scale. Results obtained from this study showed that the existing aerobic biological treatment plant failed to achieve both the present consent conditions and those required in 1995. It was shown that an anaerobic filter would enable the plant to meet the discharge standards proposed by the National Rivers Authority but due to the configuration of the land available for new works it is recommended that the existing aerobic biological filter be replaced by an activated sludge system. It is anticipated that such a system would reduce the final effluent COD to less than 125 mg/l.

SWRO pre-treatment design and operation using Enflo-DAF™ technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Amato ◽  
Kuem-Seo Park ◽  
Wonkyu Yim ◽  
Tschungil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Design ◽  
Dissolved Air

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the design for both the full scale and pilot scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) pre-treatment plant comprising Enflo-DAF™ dissolved air flotation (DAF) technology and dual media filtration (DMF) proposed and operating respectively at Ras Al Khair site in Saudi Arabia. The application of both DAF and DMF in the municipal water industry is regarded as well established; however the application of DAF to the treatment of seawater particularly at elevated temperatures and which is also prone to Red Tide or severe algae events is relatively new and there is a limited amount of experience in this area.

Digestion of sludge and organic waste in the sustainability concept for Malmö, Sweden

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. la Cour Jansen ◽  
C. Gruvberger ◽  
N. Hanner ◽  
H. Aspegren ◽  
 Svärd
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pre Treatment

Anaerobic digestion of sludge has been part of the treatment plant in Malmö for many years and several projects on optimisation of the digestion process have been undertaken in full scale as well as in pilot scale. In order to facilitate a more sustainable solution in the future for waste management, solid waste organic waste is sorted out from households for anaerobic treatment in a newly built city district. The system for treatment of the waste is integrated in a centralised solution located at the existing wastewater treatment plant. A new extension of the digester capacity enables separate as well as co-digestion of sludge together with urban organic waste from households, industry, restaurants, big kitchens, food stores, supermarkets, green markets etc. for biogas production and production of fertiliser. Collection and pre-treatment of different types of waste are in progress together with examination of biogas potential for different types of organic waste. Collection of household waste as well as anaerobic digestion in laboratory and pilot scale has been performed during the last year. It is demonstrated that organic household waste can be digested separately or in combination with sludge. In the latter case a higher biogas yield is found than should be expected from digestion of the two materials separately. Household waste from a system based on collection of organic waste from grinders could be digested at mesophilic conditions whereas digestion failed at thermophilic conditions.

APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Krisna Adhitya Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut  rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

A pilot web former designed to study retention-formation relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Anna Svedberg ◽  
Tom Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A pilot-scale fourdrinier former has been developed for the purpose of investigating the relationship between retention and paper formation (features, retention aids, dosage points, etc.). The main objective of this publication was to present the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine and demonstrate some of its fields of applications. For a fine paper stock (90% hardwood and 10% softwood) with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content), the relationship between retention and formation was investigated for a microparticulate retention aid (cationic polyacrylamide together with anionic montmorillonite clay). The retention-formation relationship of the retention aid system was investigated after choosing standardized machine operating conditions (e.g. the jet-to-wire speed ratio). As expected, the formation was impaired when the retention was increased. Since good reproducibility was attained, the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine was found to be a useful tool for studying the relationship between retention and paper formation.

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