Low-temperature post-treatment of anaerobically treated-sewage in anaerobic filter with cationic-polymer addition

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Elmitwalli ◽  
R. Raimundo ◽  
K. Kujawa-Roelevel ◽  
G. Zeeman
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P System ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference

The post-treatment of domestic sewage pretreated in a 6 m3 UASB was investigated in two high-rate anaerobic filter (AF) reactors operated in parallel. The difference between the two AF reactors was only the addition of cationic polymer to the second reactor (AF + P). The reactors were operated at low temperatures, ranged between 13 and 20 °C. The media in each AF reactor consisted of vertical sheets of reticulated-polyurethane foam (RPF) with knobs. The results demonstrated that the AF + P reactor (HRT = 3 h) with cationic polymer addition (2 mg/L) was an efficient system for post-treatment. The removal efficiencies for total, suspended, colloidal and dissolved COD were, respectively, 41, 86 and 76 and 12% in the AF + P reactor and they were, respectively, 80, 97, 77 and 66% in the UASB+ (AF + P) system. The removal of total, suspended and colloidal COD in the UASB+(AF + P) system were significantly higher than those achieved in the UASB + AF system. As hardly any nutrient was removed in the UASB+(AF + P) system, the effluent after pathogen removal is a valuable product for irrigation and fertilisation to close the water and nutrients cycle.

Laboratory studies on enhancement of granulation in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall A. Wirtz ◽  
Richard R. Dague
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Time Required

The phenomenon of granulation was studied in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) treating a synthetic sucrose wastewater. The objective was to study methods of minimizing the time typically required for start-up of high rate anaerobic processes, such as the ASBR, when utilizing biomass from typical anaerobic digesters. More specifically, the goal was to develop granular biomass soon after initial start-up of the ASBR in order to decrease the overall time required to achieve high rate anaerobic treatment. Laboratory-scale ASBRs were seeded with anaerobically digested municipal biosolids and operated until granulation was observed. Granule development was measured by determination of the average particle diameter of a representative sample of biosolids from the ASBRs. Cationic polymer was added to the test ASBR to enhance rapid granule development and to aid in start-up. Cationic polymer addition reduced the time required to form granules by approximately 75 % compared to an un-enhanced control ASBR.

Peritoneal Fluid and Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Dörr ◽  
E J P Brommer ◽  
G Dooijewaard ◽  
H M Vemer
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that the fibrinolytic activity of peritoneum is depressed in local inflammation. We measured fibrinolytic parameters in peritoneal fluid and in plasma of 10 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Nine women, in whom laparoscopy for sterilisation was performed, served as a control group.In the peritoneal fluid of women with PID, PAI-Ag, t-PA-Ag and u-PA-Ag were many times higher than in the control group. In contrast to the antigens which may be present in inert complexes, the potentially active compounds, measured as t-PA activity and plasmin-activable scu-PA, were not significantly different in the two groups, and in none of the samples was the active enzyme tcu-PA detectable. Nevertheless, the mean peritoneal fluid TDP and FbDP concentrations were about twenty times higher in the PID group than in the control group. In plasma of PID patients, none of the parameters except u-PA-Ag differed from those in the control group. The difference between control and patient plasma u-PA-Ag was statistically significant, but too small to attach any relevance to the observation.Our data suggest that, in contrast to the classical concept of decreased fibrinolytic activity as a cause of adhesion formation, intraperitoneal fibrinolysis is enhanced in peritoneal inflammation through stimulation of the local production of t-PA and u-PA. Despite concomitant production of PAI, fibrinolysis occurs at a high rate, resulting in high levels of fibrin degradation products. Since this activated fibrinolysis does not meet the demand, therapeutic enhancement should be considered to prevent adhesions.

scholarly journals Impact of media components from different suppliers on enterokinase productivity in Pichia pastoris

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Krahulec ◽  
Martin Šafránek
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Media Component ◽  
Component Supplier ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimisation Procedure ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to provide an information about the homogeneity on the level of enterokinase productivity in P. pastoris depending on different suppliers of the media components. Results In previous studies, we performed the optimisation process for the production of enterokinase by improving the fermentation process. Enterokinase is the ideal enzyme for removing fusion partners from target recombinant proteins. In this study, we focused our optimization efforts on the sources of cultivation media components. YPD media components were chosen as variables for these experiments. Several suppliers for particular components were combined and the optimisation procedure was performed in 24-well plates. Peptone had the highest impact on enterokinase production, where the difference between the best and worst results was threefold. The least effect on the production level was recorded for yeast extract with a 1.5 fold difference. The worst combination of media components had a activity of only 0.15 U/ml and the best combination had the activity of 0.88 U/ml, i.e., a 5.87 fold difference. A substantially higher impact on the production level of enterokinase was observed during fermentation in two selected media combinations, where the difference was almost 21-fold. Conclusions Results demonstrated in the present study show that the media components from different suppliers have high impact on enterokinase productivity and also provide the hypothesis that the optimization process should be multidimensional and for achieving best results it is important to perform massive process also in terms of the particular media component supplier .

scholarly journals Two maize cultivars of contrasting leaf size show different leaf elongation rates with identical patterns of extension dynamics and coordination

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Vidal ◽  
Hafssa Aissaoui ◽  
Sabrina Rehali ◽  
Bruno Andrieu
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leaf Extension

Abstract Simulating leaf development from initiation to maturity opens new possibilities to model plant–environment interactions and the plasticity of plant architecture. This study analyses the dynamics of leaf production and extension along a maize (Zea mays) shoot to assess important modelling choices. Maize plants from two cultivars originating from the same inbred line, yet differing in the length of mature leaves were used in this study. We characterised the dynamics of the blade and sheath lengths of all phytomers by dissecting plants every 2–3 days. We analysed how differences in leaf size were built up and we examined the coordination between the emergence of organs and phases of their extension. Leaf extension rates were higher in the cultivar with longer leaves than in the cultivar with shorter leaves; no differences were found in other aspects. We found that (i) first post-embryonic leaves were initiated at a markedly higher rate than upper leaves; (ii) below ear position, sheaths were initiated at a time intermediate between tip emergence and appearance, while above the ear position, sheaths were initiated at a high rate, such that the time interval between the blade and sheath initiations decreased for these leaves; and (iii) ear position also marked a change in the correlation in size between successive phytomers with little correlation of size between upper and lower leaves. Our results identified leaf extension rate as the reason for the difference in size between the two cultivars. The two cultivars shared the same pattern for the timing of initiation events, which was more complex than previously thought. The differences described here may explain some inaccuracies reported in functional-structural plant models. We speculate that genotypic variation in behaviour for leaf and sheath initiation exists, which has been little documented in former studies.

Producing Steam by Spraying Water on a Heated Bed of Steel Spheres

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
D. Jordan Bouchard ◽  
HengSheng Yang ◽  
Sanjeev Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Bed Porosity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Counter Current

Abstract Steam generators used in industrial baking ovens operate by pouring or spraying water on a preheated thermal mass. This paper presents a methodology to quantify the amount of steam generated from a thermal mass along with experiments to determine the effect of particle size and porosity on steam generation. Three sizes of steel spheres, 0.6 mm, 8 mm, and 16 mm in diameter, were used to construct porous media beds that were preheated in an oven after which water was sprayed onto them from a full-cone nozzle for a fixed duration. The weight of the heated bed and the impinging water were recorded during spraying. The difference in weight change when spraying on heated and unheated beds gave the rate of evaporation. Thermocouples were used to record the internal temperature of the bed. Steam generation rate increased with particle size while bed porosity had only a minor influence. The counter-current flow of steam within the media bed disrupts the downward flow of water enough to leave pockets of hot material, reducing steam production. To maximize steam generation the media size, material, and spray time should be matched to ensure the surfaces of particles remain above the boiling point of water during spraying.

scholarly journals Nature, Position, and Frequency of Mutations Made in a Single Cycle of HIV-1 Replication

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
pp. 9864-9878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Abram ◽  
Andrea L. Ferris ◽  
Wei Shao ◽  
W. Gregory Alvord ◽  
Stephen H. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT There is considerable HIV-1 variation in patients. The extent of the variation is due to the high rate of viral replication, the high viral load, and the errors made during viral replication. Mutations can arise from errors made either by host DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II or by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), but the relative contributions of these two enzymes to the mutation rate are unknown. In addition, mutations in RT can affect its fidelity, but the effect of mutations in RT on the nature of the mutations that arise in vivo is poorly understood. We have developed an efficient system, based on existing technology, to analyze the mutations that arise in an HIV-1 vector in a single cycle of replication. A lacZα reporter gene is used to identify viral DNAs that contain mutations which are analyzed by DNA sequencing. The forward mutation rate in this system is 1.4 × 10−5 mutations/bp/cycle, equivalent to the retroviral average. This rate is about 3-fold lower than previously reported for HIV-1 in vivo and is much lower than what has been reported for purified HIV-1 RT in vitro. Although the mutation rate was not affected by the orientation of lacZα, the sites favored for mutations (hot spots) in lacZα depended on which strand of lacZα was present in the viral RNA. The pattern of hot spots seen in lacZα in vivo did not match any of the published data obtained when purified RT was used to copy lacZα in vitro.

A Low-Dimensional Dissimilarity Analysis of Unilateral and Bilateral Stroke-Impacted Hand Trajectories

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Ryan U. Roldan ◽  
Dejan Milutinović ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Jacob Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Healthy Subject ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Dimensional

In this paper, we propose a quantitative approach based on identifying hand trajectory dissimilarities through the use of a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. A high-rate motion capture system is used to gather three-dimensional (3D) trajectory data of healthy and stroke-impacted hemiparetic subjects. The mutual dissimilarity between any two trajectories is measured by the area between them. This area is used as a dissimilarity variable to create an MDS map. The map reveals a structure for measuring the difference and variability of individual trajectories and their groups. The results suggest that the recovery of hemiparetic subjects can be quantified by comparing the difference and variability of their individual MDS map points to the points from the cluster of healthy subject trajectories. Within the MDS map, we can identify fully recovered patients, those who are only functionally recovered, and those who are either in an early phase of, or are nonresponsive to the therapy.

scholarly journals News framing of the Ukraine crisis in the Russian and British media

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-22
Author(s):  
Zixiu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Economic Consequence ◽  
News Framing ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ukraine Crisis ◽  
The Guardian

This pilot study uses quantitative content analysis following the framework of generic frames, diagnostic and prognostic frames (Godefroidt et al. 2016) to compare the news framing of the Ukraine crisis in Russia and the UK from 30 November 2013 to 26 February 2014. The Moscow Times and The Guardian were chosen as examples of quality print media with online editions that are comparable in terms of quality, circulation rate, political stance, and more importantly – global targeting. The study argues that firstly, the media in both countries were more likely to report through conflict lens, followed by responsibility frame. Secondly, the difference between the Eastern and Western media was tracked. While the Russian media relatively preferred economic consequence frame reflecting the country’s geopolitical interests, the British media tended to use human-interest frame highlighting unfairness and non-proportionality.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Variasi Media Alternatif dengan Berbagai Sumber Karbohidrat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

bionature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erpi Nurdin ◽  
Gaby Maulida Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Test ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Synthetic Media

Abstract. In the growth of microorganisms such as fungi, it is necessary to grow a medium that can provide nutrients and as an energy source. Other alternative carbohydrate sources include potatoes, breadfruit, sago, and cassava, which is a distinctive and easy to find food companion. This type of research is descriptive with cross sectional design that aims to determine the difference in alternative media variation from various sources of carbohydrate to Candida albicans. The samples were then made to be the treatment for the creation of alternative media from various carbohydrate sources that further carried out the growth test against Candida albicans. The results of the study are the average growth of colonies on alternative media from Potato carbide sources, namely 655 colonies, breadfruit 1380 colonies, cassava 862 colonies, 372 sago colonies, and semi-synthetic media as a control of 874 colonies. This indicates there is growth of Candida albicans on all alternative media so that it can be used as an alternative medium of fungi growth, as well as the best growth of Candida albicans found in the media Breadfruit Dextrose Agar. Keywords: alternative media, carbohydrate sources, Candida albicans

scholarly journals Pengembangan media storybook pic-pop berbasis budaya lokal Palembang untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial anak usia dini

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ade Tria Lestari ◽  
Hapidin Hapidin ◽  
Zarina Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Addie Model

Important aspects of social-emotional development developed in early childhood, specifically about prosocial habits. This study aims to develop a book about Palembang's local culture to improve understanding of prosocial behaviour in early childhood. Draw local culture through interesting pictures. The research method used is research and development with the ADDIE model. The technique of collecting data is based on the results of expert validation and trial data through pre-trial one group pretest-posttest design and statistical analysis of data using paired sample t-test. This study involved children aged 4 to 6 years in Musi Banyuasin Regency. The product research and development results show: first, the design of storybook media product is feasible to increase children's understanding of Palembang's cultural and prosocial behaviour; second, collecting media that is seen from the results obtained from the pretest-posttest data of children with a value and significance of 0.00 < 0.05, this shows the value of the pretest-posttest supports the difference; and third, the validity of the media that shows the book can be used for children who understand cultural literacy so that children are rich in cultural insights specifically the local culture of Palembang.

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