Alkaline and acid hydrolytic processes in aerobic and anaerobic sludges: effect on total EPS and fractions

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Cassini ◽  
M.C.E. Andrade ◽  
T.A. Abreu ◽  
R. Keller ◽  
R.F. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Main Component

Sludge samples from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and four submerged aerated biofilters (BFs) of a wastewater treatment plant (1,000 inhab.) were processed at bench scale by alkaline and acid hydrolysis with the objective to evaluate the organic matter solubilization, volatile solids (VS) destruction and the effect of hydrolytic processes on the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) fraction of the sludge samples. The results showed that alkaline hydrolysis of sludge samples treatment with 1.0% total solids (TS) using NaOH 20 meq L−1 was more efficient on organic matter solubilization and VS destruction than acid hydrolysis. The EPS sludge content was also affected by the alkaline treatment of anaerobic sludge samples. The EPS concentrations (mg EPS/gVSS) on the anaerobic sludge after the alkaline treatment were significantly lowered according to sample height in the UASB reactor. Data indicated that the EPS sludge fraction is the main component affected by the alkaline hydrolytic process of anaerobic sludge samples.

scholarly journals Organic Matter Removal in a Simultaneous Nitrification-Denitrification Process Using Fixed-Film System.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perla Gonzalez ◽  
Ana Aguilar Ruiz ◽  
Andrea Reynosa Varela ◽  
Ulises Durán Hinojosa ◽  
Marco Garzón Zuñiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract This study focused on evaluating different support media for COD and nitrogen compound removal from an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor fed with swine wastewater. Maximum specific nitrification (MSNA) and denitrification (MSDA) activity tests were performed in two fixed-film systems with (1) polyurethane foam (R1) and (2) polyethylene rings (R2). The results showed that the R2 system performed more efficiently than R1, reaching organic matter removal of 77 ± 8% and nitrogen of 98 ± 4%, attributed to higher specific denitrifying activity recorded (5.3 ± 0.34 g NO3--N/g VTS ∙h). In this sense, MSDA tests indicated that the suspended biomass was responsible for at least 70% of nitrogen removal in the form of ammonium compared with 20% attributed to biomass in the form of biofilm. On the other hand, 40 ± 5% of initial nitrogen could not be quantified in the system effluents, but 10 ± 1% was attributed to loss by volatilization. According to the analyses, the previous information infers the development of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) routes. Respect to the analyses of microbial diversity and abundance in the biofilm of R2 rings, the presence of the genus Pseudomonas dominated the prokaryotic community of the system in 54.4%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a domestic wastewater treatment plant at an intermediate city in Cochabamba, Bolivia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Saavedra ◽  
Ramiro Escalera ◽  
Gustavo Heredia ◽  
Renato Montoya ◽  
Ivette Echeverría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge

Abstract This study aims to determine the seasonal variability in the performance of a medium size population wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Bolivia. The semi-arid area where the WWTP is located is characterized as agricultural land, with an annual rainfall of 500 mm and a mean temperature of 17 °C. The WWTP is built up of five modules, each one comprising two treatment trains composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and horizontal gravel filter. The performance of the full process has been determined based on water quantity and quality. Seven monitoring campaigns of chemical and physical wastewater characteristics were performed from March to December 2017. The measured effluent showed average removal efficiencies of 83 ± 8% and 37 ± 60% for total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively. The treatment system has proven to be efficient to remove organic matter and TSS, despite the occurrence of high COD and total solids (TS) influent concentrations, the accumulation of solids at all the processes and the variability of flow and temperature inside the UASB reactors. In order to improve further this efficiency, it is recommended to implement a primary sedimentation unit as a pretreatment for the UASB system that would help to homogenize both the flow and the quality of the influent.

Performance of UASB based sewage treatment plant in India: polishing by diffusers an alternative

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Walia ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
I. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
One Year

In India, recently, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) based sewage treatment plants (STPs) have come up in a big way. Sequence adopted: screens- grit chambers- UASB reactors followed by one-day detention ponds (DP). Performance of DPs located at five STPs (27–70 ML/d) was evaluated over a period of one year from July 2004 to July 2005. The installation of these non-algal ponds reduced land requirement, but from treatment point of view it at best offered only removal of solids washed out of the UASB reactor. Total coliform count in the effluent from ponds ranging from 106 to 109 MPN/100 mL is more than the maximum permissible limit of 10,000 MPN/100 mL. A need has, therefore, been felt to evaluate the possibility of aerating the effluent from UASBR. During aeration, ORP and DO increase, whereas COD and BOD decrease. In a continuous aeration ~50% reduction in COD and nearly 50% increase in DO saturation (DO/DOs) can be achieved by increasing ORP from −100 to 122 mV. Regression equation established between ORP and COD/CODi & DO/DOs may find wide application.

scholarly journals Performance and bacterial diversity of bioreactors used for simultaneous removal of sulfide, solids and organic matter from UASB reactor effluents

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Azevedo ◽  
I. M. P. Castro ◽  
C. D. Leal ◽  
J. C. Araújo ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria

Abstract Two bioreactors were investigated as an alternative to post-treatment of effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage, with an aim of oxidizing sulfide into elemental sulfur, and removal of solid and organic material. The bioreactors were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (6, 4, and 2 h) and in the presence or absence (control) of packing material (polypropylene rings). Greater sulfide removal efficiencies – 75% (control reactor) and 92% (packed reactor) – were achieved in both reactors for an HRT of 6 h. Higher organic matter (COD) and solid (TSS) removal levels were observed in the packed reactor, which produced effluent with low COD (100 mg CODL−1) and TSS concentrations (30 mg TSSL−1). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results revealed that a metabolically diverse bacterial community was present in both bioreactors, with sequences related to heterotrophic bacteria, sulfur bacteria (Thiocapsa, Sulfurimonas sp., Chlorobaculum sp., Chromatiales and Sulfuricellales), phototrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodocyclus sp.) and cyanobacteria. The packed reactor presented higher extracellular sulfur formation and potential for elemental sulfur recovery was seen. Higher efficiencies related to the packed reactor were attributed to the presence of packing material and higher cell retention time. The studied bioreactors seemed to be a simple and low-cost alternative for the post-treatment of anaerobic effluent.

Performance of plastic- and sponge-based trickling filters treating effluents from an UASB reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. S. Almeida ◽  
A. K. Marcus ◽  
B. E. Rittmann ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Total N ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The paper compares the performance of two trickling filters (TFs) filled with plastic- or sponge-based packing media treating the effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The UASB reactor was operated with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.2 kgCOD m−3 d−1, and the OLR applied to the TFs was 0.30–0.65 kgCOD m−3 d−1 (COD: chemical oxygen demand). The sponge-based packing medium (Rotosponge) gave substantially better performance for ammonia, total-N, and organic matter removal. The superior TF-Rotosponge performance for NH4+-N removal (80–95%) can be attributed to its longer biomass and hydraulic retention times (SRT and HRT), as well as enhancements in oxygen mass transfer by dispersion and advection inside the sponges. Nitrogen removals were significant (15 mgN L−1) in TF-Rotosponge when the OLRs were close to 0.75 kgCOD m−3 d−1, due to denitrification that was related to solids hydrolysis in the sponge interstices. For biochemical oxygen demand removal, higher HRT and SRT were especially important because the UASB removed most of the readily biodegradable organic matter. The new configuration of the sponge-based packing medium called Rotosponge can enhance the feasibility of scaling-up the UASB/TF treatment, including when retrofitting is necessary.

Domestic sewage treatment in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket - sequencing batch reactor system

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. de Sousa ◽  
E. Foresti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Aerobic System ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Domestic sewage treatment in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors has presented significant results in tropical regions. This reactor configuration has proven to be efficient in removing organic matter and total suspended solids as well as in producing smaller amounts of excess sludge than conventional aerobic reactor. On the other hand, its effluent often requires to be post-treated in order to achieve the emission standards. This paper is concerned with the alternative proposed here for treating domestic sewage in a combined anaerobic-aerobic system composed of an UASB reactor followed by sequencing batch aerobic reactors (SBR). In such a system, the UASB reactor removes considerable fraction of the influent organic matter, while the SBRs oxidize part of the remaining organic matter and ammonium nitrogen. A proper system operation would also permit the removal of nutrients (N and P). In order to investigate on the performance of this system for sewage treatment, a bench scale installation fed with synthetic substrate simulating domestic sewage was operated continuously during 38 weeks. The results permit to confirm the hypothesis proposed, since the system has consistently produced high quality effluents (BOD5 and VSS lower than 10 mg.L-1). The results also indicate that such combined anaerobic-aerobic system compete favorably with conventional aerobic systems in three essential cost features: energy consumption, excess sludge production and nutrient removal.

Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant for high quality effluent

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Del Nery ◽  
M. H. Z. Damianovic ◽  
R. B. Moura ◽  
E. Pozzi ◽  
E. C. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

This paper assesses a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) regarding the technology used, as well as organic matter and nutrient removal efficiencies aiming to optimize the treatment processes involved and wastewater reclamation. The WWTP consists of a dissolved air flotation (DAF) system, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, an aerated-facultative pond (AFP) and a chemical-DAF system. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (97.9 ± 1.0%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (98.6 ± 1.0%) and oil and grease (O&G) (91.1 ± 5.2%) at the WWTP, the nitrogen concentration of 17 ± 11 mgN-NH3 and phosphorus concentration of 1.34 ± 0.93 mgPO4−3/L in the final effluent indicate that the processes used are suitable to comply with discharge standards in water bodies. Nitrification and denitrification tests conducted using biomass collected at three AFP points indicated that nitrification and denitrification could take place in the pond.

Sludge accumulation in shallow maturation ponds treating UASB reactor effluent: results after 11 years of operation

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Emanuel Possmoser-Nascimento ◽  
Valéria Antônia Justino Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos von Sperling ◽  
Jean-Luc Vasel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Sludge Accumulation

Polishing ponds are natural systems used for the post-treatment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) effluents. They are designed as maturation ponds and their main goal is the removal of pathogens and nitrogen and an additional removal of residual organic matter from the UASB reactor. This study aimed to evaluate organic matter and suspended solids removal as well as sludge accumulation in two shallow polishing ponds in series treating sanitary effluent from a UASB reactor with a population equivalent of 200 inhabitants in Brazil, operating since 2002. For this evaluation, long-term monitoring of biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids and bathymetric surveys have been undertaken. The ponds showed an irregular distribution of total solids mass in the sludge layer of the two ponds, with mean accumulation values of 0.020 m3 person−1 year−1 and 0.004 m3 person−1 year−1 in Ponds 1 and 2, leading to around 40% and 8% of the liquid volume occupied by the sediments after 11 years of operation. The first pond showed better efficiency in relation to organic matter removal, although its contribution was limited, due to algal growth. No simple input–output mass balance of solids can be applied to the ponds due to algal growth in the liquid phase and sludge digestion in the sludge.

scholarly journals A simple field essay for detecting departures from expected performance in small-scale, remote or rural wastewater treatment plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1380-1392
Author(s):  
Marcos von Sperling ◽  
Emmanuelle Machado Maia Nogueira Lima ◽  
Mirene Augusta de Andrade Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Coarse Filter

Abstract A scientific basis is given to the traditional method of inferring effluent quality based on visualization of samples in transparent flasks. A scale of 1–6, with different printed grey intensities, is placed behind transparent PET bottles containing the sample, and gives an indication of the range of turbidity in the sample (1 is the most transparent and can only be visualized if the effluent is well clarified; in the other spectrum, 6 is the darkest and indicates highly turbid effluents). Turbidity has been correlated with total suspended solids (TSS), particulate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and particulate chemical oxygen demand (COD) based on thousands of monitored data collected in the effluent from seven different treatment processes in Brazil: upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, trickling filters, activated sludge, horizontal wetland, vertical wetland, polishing ponds and coarse filter after pond. The method is simple and instantaneous, can be used in virtually all places and in every visit of the operator to the remote treatment plant, allows recording of the image in smartphones, does not use any equipment, chemicals or energy, and has been showed to represent well the effluent quality of existing treatment plants. This essay is complementary and does not substitute specific traditional sampling and analysis, but allows easy inference of deterioration of effluent quality.

scholarly journals Modelling and Life Cycle Assessment of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Lucknow City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3793-3803
Author(s):  
Narendra Pal Gole
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge

The implementation of wastewater treatment plants has been a challenge for most countries. Economic resources, political will, institutional strength, and cultural background are important factors that define the trajectory of pollution control in many countries. Technology is sometimes mentioned as one of the reasons hindering further development. Therefore, a key objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of a plant based on the 345 MLD Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology by analyzing the physical and chemical parameters of the water treated by UASB to evaluate the performance of the plant located. at Bharwara Tech from Gomti Nagar Lucknow. In this study, the performance of the wastewater treatment plant and the UASB reactor was calculated. Wastewater is mixed with domestic wastewater, so the concentration of BOD and COD is relatively low. The amount of biogas produced by the UASB reactor is also less than its design value. All STP inlet and outlet water concentration results are displayed graphically.

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