Supervisory control strategies for the new WWTP of Galindo-Bilbao: the long run from the conceptual design to the full-scale experimental validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ayesa ◽  
A. De la Sota ◽  
P. Grau ◽  
J.M. Sagarna ◽  
A. Salterain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Long Run

This paper presents the theoretical basis and the main results obtained during the development and full-scale experimental validation of the new supervisory control strategy designed for the Galindo-Bilbao wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The different phases of the project have been carried out over the last 8 years, combining model simulations, pilot-plant experimentation and full-scale validation. The final control strategy combines three complementary control loops to optimise the nitrogen removal in pre-denitrifying activated sludge plants. The first controller was designed to maintain the average concentration of the ammonia in the effluent via the automatic selection of the most appropriate DO set point in the aerobic reactors. The second control loop optimises the use of the denitrification potential and finally, the third control loop maintains the selected amount of biomass in the biological reactors by automatic manipulation of the wastage rate. Mobile-averaged windows have been implemented to incorporate commonly used averaged values in the control objectives. The performance of the controllers has been successfully assessed through the full-scale experimental validation in one of the lines of the WWTP.

Modelling and control strategy testing of biological and chemical phosphorus removal at Avedøre WWTP

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ingildsen ◽  
C. Rosen ◽  
K.V. Gernaey ◽  
M.K. Nielsen ◽  
T. Guildal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The biological phosphorus removal process is often implemented at plants by the construction of an anaerobic bio-p tank in front of the traditional N removing plant configuration. However, biological phosphorus removal is also observed in plant configurations constructed only for nitrogen removal and simultaneous or post-precipitation. The operational experience with this “accidental” biological phosphorus removal is often mixed with quite a lot of frustration, as the process seems to come and go and hence behaves quite uncontrollably. The aim of this work is to develop ways of intentionally exploiting the biological phosphorus process by the use of instrumentation, control and automation to reduce the consumption of precipitants. Means to this end are first to calibrate a modified ASM2d model to a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), including both biological and chemical phosphorus removal and a model of the sedimentation process. Second, based on the calibrated model a benchmark model is developed and various control strategies for biological phosphorus removal are tested. Experiences and knowledge gained from the strategies presented and discussed in this paper are vital inputs for the full-scale implementation of a control strategy for biological phosphorus removal at Avedøre WWTP, which is described in another paper. The two papers hence show a way to bridge the gap from model to full implementation.

Maximizing trickling filter nitrification rates through biofilm control: research review and full scale application

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny S. Parker ◽  
Tom Jacobs ◽  
Erich Bower ◽  
Dennis W. Stowe ◽  
Greg Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biofilm Control ◽  
Control Research

Tertiary nitrifying trickling filters (NTFs) at the Littleton/Englewood wastewater treatment plant provide for nitrification to meet seasonally varying effluent requirements for ammonia nitrogen. Operation of the full-scale facilities during the past two years demonstrates highly efficient oxidation of ammonia and the effectiveness of biofilm control strategies. A decline in nitrification performance caused by predators was successfully corrected by the use of a special alkaline backwash feature which controlled the level of larval development within the NTFs.

Evaluation of upgrading a full-scale activated sludge process integrated with floating biofilm carriers

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1594-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijian Ge ◽  
Yunpeng Zhu ◽  
Shuang Qiu ◽  
Xiong Yang ◽  
Bin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
And Control

This study evaluated the performance of a full-scale upgrade of an existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with the intermittent cyclic extended aeration system (ICEAS), located in Qingdao, China. The ICEAS system was not able to meet effluent standards; therefore, a series of modifications and control strategies were applied as follows: (1) floating plastic carriers were added to the tank to aid biofilm formation; (2) operation parameters such as mixing and aeration time, feeding rate, and settling time were adjusted and controlled with a real-time control system; (3) a sludge return system and submersible water impellers were added; (4) the aeration system was also improved to circulate carriers and prevent clogging. The modified ICEAS system exhibited efficient organic and nutrient removal, with high removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (89.57 ± 4.10%), NH4+-N (95.46 ± 3.80%), and total phosphorus (91.90 ± 4.36%). Moreover, an annual power reduction of 1.04 × 107 kW·h was realized as a result of these modifications.

scholarly journals PI and Fuzzy Control for P-removal in Wastewater Treatment Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Xu ◽  
Ramon Vilanova
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Fuzzy Controllers ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Pi Controllers

Due to the complex and non linear character, wastewater treatment process is difficult to be controlled. The demand for removing the pollutant, especially for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as well as reducing the cost of wastewater treatment plant is an important research theme recently. Thus, in this paper, the benchmark proposed default control strategy and 10 additional control strategies are applied on the combined biological P and N removal Benchmark Simulation Model No.1 (BSM1-P). In addition, according to the results of applying PI controllers, as usual, we also chose the group with the better performance, as well as the default control strategy, to replace the PI controllers with fuzzy controllers. In this way, it can be seen that in all cases the quality of effluent of the controlled process could be improved in some degree; and the fuzzy controllers get a better phosphorus removal.

scholarly journals Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake mitigation control experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-488
Author(s):  
James B. Duncan Jr. ◽  
Brian D. Hirth ◽  
John L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Turbine Wake ◽  
Plant Control ◽  
Wind Turbine Wake

Abstract. Recent research promotes implementing next-generation wind plant control methods to mitigate turbine-to-turbine wake effects. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiments have previously demonstrated the potential benefit of wind plant control for wind plant optimization, but full-scale validation of the wake-mitigating control strategies remains limited. As part of this study, the yaw and blade pitch of a utility-scale wind turbine were strategically modified for a limited time period to examine wind turbine wake response to first-order turbine control changes. Wind turbine wake response was measured using Texas Tech University's Ka-band Doppler radars and dual-Doppler scanning strategies. Results highlight some of the complexities associated with executing and analyzing wind plant control at full scale using brief experimental control periods. Some difficulties include (1) the ability to accurately implement the desired control changes, (2) identifying reliable data sources and methods to allow these control changes to be accurately quantified, and (3) attributing variations in wake structure to turbine control changes rather than a response to the underlying atmospheric conditions (e.g., boundary layer streak orientation, atmospheric stability). To better understand wake sensitivity to the underlying atmospheric conditions, wake evolution within the early-evening transition was also examined using a single-Doppler data collection approach. Analysis of both wake length and meandering during this period of transitioning atmospheric stability indicates the potential benefit and feasibility of wind plant control should be enhanced when the atmosphere is stable.

scholarly journals Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake mitigation control experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Duncan Jr. ◽  
Brian D. Hirth ◽  
John L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Turbine Wake ◽  
Plant Control ◽  
Wind Turbine Wake

Abstract. Recent research promotes implementing next-generation wind plant control methods to mitigate turbine-to-turbine wake effects. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiments have previously demonstrated the potential benefit of wind plant control for wind plant optimization, but full-scale validation of the wake-mitigating control strategies remains limited. As part of this study, the yaw and blade pitch of a utility-scale wind turbine were strategically modified for a limited time period to examine wind turbine wake response to first-order turbine control changes. Wind turbine wake response was measured using Texas Tech University's Ka-band Doppler radars and dual-Doppler scanning strategies. Results highlight some of the complexities associated with executing and analysing wind plant control at full-scale using brief experimental control periods. Some difficulties include (1) the ability to accurately implement the desired control changes, (2) identifying reliable data sources and methods to allow these control changes to be accurately quantified, and (3) attributing variations in wake structure to turbine control changes rather than a response to the underlying atmospheric conditions (e.g. boundary layer streak orientation, atmospheric stability). To better understand wake sensitivity to the underlying atmospheric conditions, wake evolution within the early-evening transition was also examined using a single-Doppler data collection approach. Analysis of both wake length and meandering during this period of transitioning atmospheric stability indicate the potential benefit and feasibility of wind plant control should be enhanced when the atmosphere is stable.

Model development and full scale validation for anaerobic treatment of protein and fat based wastewater

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Batstone ◽  
Jürg Keller ◽  
Bob Newell ◽  
Mark Newland
Keyword(s):  
Scale Validation ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Component Mixture

Presented is a kinetic model simulating the biodegradation of pig abattoir (slaughterhouse) wastewater in a full scale anaerobic treatment plant. High rate anaerobic treatment of these wastes is often complicated by the presence of particulates and fats. The model developed by Costello et al. (1991) for the degradation of soluble carbohydrates and modified by Ramsay et al. (1994) for soluble proteins is further expanded to simulate the solublisation of particles and the biological degradation of fats. This approached proved well suited to describe the full breakdown of the complex component mixture found in such a wastewater. The model is tuned using one dynamic experimental run and is validated against on two different experimental runs. Agreement between simulation and experimental results is very good on all sets of data. The importance of critical outputs such as gas production and agreement between experimental and simulation results are discussed. It is concluded that the model should be a useful tool for optimal reactor design and operation when encountering difficult wastewaters.

Introducing biological phosphorus removal in an alternating plant by means of control: a full scale study

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rosen ◽  
P. Ingildsen ◽  
T. Guildal ◽  
T. Munk Nielsen ◽  
M.K. Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

In this paper, a control strategy for introducing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in an alternating plant designed for enhanced biological nitrogen removal (EBNR) is presented. Alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions to promote EBPR are provided by controlling the phases of the operational cycle, instead of a separate anaerobic volume. By utilising the control schemes already built in the STAR® control system for nitrogen removal, the control strategy is fully integrated in the system. The control system relies on on-line measurements of nitrogen (ammonia and/or nitrate) and orthophosphate. The control strategy has been implemented in full-scale operation at the Avedøre wastewater treatment plant in Denmark and the results show clear indications of success. The control strategy has operated robustly for several months with a 60% decrease in use of precipitation chemicals.

Tool to Perform Software-in-the-Loop through Robot Operating System

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 2391-2394
Author(s):  
Mauricio Mauledoux ◽  
Crhistian C.G. Segura ◽  
Oscar F. Aviles
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Robot Operating System ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Loop Feedback

This article describes the use of Software-in-the-loop (SIL) and Robot Operating System (ROS) as tools for controller implementation and simulation of discrete-time plants is exposed. For experimental validation a magnetic levitation plant is used, this is modeled using Lagrange obtaining a nonlinear model which is linearized. Thus this model is discretized using a Tustin transformation for subsequent implementation of the control loop. Feedback state variable is implemented as control strategy for experimental validation on a system (Raspberry-Pi / fit-PC, Matlab / PC). We chose to use ROS as it is available for computers running operating systems based on Linux, as used in various embedded systems commercially available com the Fit-PC, Beagle-Board and Raspberry-Pi, ROS occupies low disk space (basic installation), programming is done in C ++ allowing more thorough use of the hardware. For testing three modules (node) implemented; "Reference_node" which is responsible for requesting the user to the desired position and transmit it to the next node, "control_node" is responsible for carrying out checks, which receives as inputs the reference (desired position) and the output of the plant (position current), and which outputs the control signal (u), finally "plant_node" is the node that simulates the behavior of the plant.

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