Effect of co-substrate, biomass and sulfate concentration on the performance of a control strategy used to determine the anaerobic stage length of an anaerobic/aerobic SBR degrading p-nitrophenol

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buitrón ◽  
G. Moreno ◽  
M.E. García ◽  
J. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
On Line

The effect of the p-nitrophenol to propionic acid ratio, the biomass concentration, and the presence of sulfates on the performance of a control strategy of an anaerobic/aerobic SBR degrading p-nitrophenol was studied. The duration of the anaerobic stage was controlled by an algorithm based on the on-line measurement of the oxidation-reduction potential, which indicates the end of the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. It was observed that no significant influence on the performance of the algorithm was found when the co-substrate, the biomass concentration and the presence of sulfates were varied, indicating the robustness of the control strategy. Only for the case when a low concentration of co-substrate was used, was there no transformation of p-nitrophenol.

Determination of chlorine demand in water and wastewater chlorination by oxidation-reduction potential

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Yu ◽  
W.P. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
On Line ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Chlorine Demand

Chlorination is the most practical way for the destruction of pathogenic and other harmful organisms in water and wastewater treatment plants. However, highly erratic concentrations of ammonia is contained in most water and wastewater treatment plants, which will react to chlorine and seriously alter the required chlorine dosages in the control of chlorination. The conventional control of chlorine dosage is widely practical throughout the batch breakpoint chlorination test in the laboratory, which is not feasible for the requirement of real-time regulation of the chlorine demands. In this study, a simple automatic oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) titration system was developed for on-line determination of the chlorine demand. The experimental results showed that different decrease tendencies on ORP slope profiles were found to correlate to the ammonia concentrations in samples. In addition, the required chlorine demands were found to correlate to ammonia concentrations with a linear relationship. The ORP control strategy was, therefore, developed for on-line determination of the chlorine demands. Applying this ORP control strategy, the required chlorine demands were precisely predicted, and good disinfection efficiency was obtained in the wastewater chlorination experiments.

scholarly journals Do Wet-Dry Ratio and Fe-Mn System Affect Oxidation-Reduction Potential Nonlinearly in the Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2790
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zhang ◽  
Haibo Li ◽  
Yinghua Li ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Zhongxin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
On Line

To understand characteristics of on-line oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in a subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) under different intermittent influent conditions, ORP among five matrix depths at wet-dry ratios (Rwds) of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 with a hydraulic load of 0.10 m3·(m2·d)−1 were monitored. Results showed that the optimal Rwd for the SWIS was 1:1. In that case, ORP at 40 and 65 cm depths changed significantly, by 529 mV and 261 mV, respectively, from the inflow period to the dry period, which was conducive to the recovery of the oxidation environment. It was concluded that ORP varied nonlinearly in strongly aerobic and hypoxic environment. Wastewater was fed into the SWIS at 80 cm and dissolved oxygen diffused at the initial period of one cycle. As a consequence, ORP at 65 cm increased with water content increasing. However, ORP at 40 and 95 cm displayed inverse trends. Moreover, results showed that ORP decreased with Fe2+ and Mn2+ increasing under aerobic conditions (p < 0.05) because Fe2+ and Mn2+ moved with wastewater flow. Effluent met reuse requirements and no clogging was found in the SWIS during the operation.

Development of a new system for control and optimization of small wastewater treatment plants using oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zipper ◽  
N. Fleischmann ◽  
R. Haberl
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
On Line ◽  
Time Cycle

For the development of new control strategies for small activated sludge systems (&lt;500 P.E.) the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) has been tested as a suitable parameter. Batch and continuous experiments in a pilot plant with alternating nitrification and denitrification phases proved the relation between the actual load and the behaviour of ORP in the aeration tank. Using a two-point controller, increasing load correlated with an extension of aerated phases in relation to unaerated phases. Decreasing load equalled to a decrease of the ratio of nitrification time-cycle time. On the basis of these results an ORP controller has been developed allowing both automatic setup and on-line adaption. Operational results from a pilot plant are presented, including effluent quality and energy efficiency.

Monitoring pH and ORP in a SHARON reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2505-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Claros ◽  
J. Serralta ◽  
A. Seco ◽  
J. Ferrer ◽  
D. Aguado
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
On Line ◽  
One Year

This paper analyses the valuable information provided by the on-line measurements of pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in a continuous single high ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) reactor. A laboratory-scale SHARON reactor equipped with pH, ORP, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen (DO) probes has been operated for more than one year. Nitrogen removal over nitrite has been achieved by adding methanol at the beginning of anoxic stages. Time evolution of pH and ORP along each cycle allows identifying the decrease in nitritation rate when ammonia is consumed during the aerobic phase and the end of the denitrification process during the anoxic phase. Therefore, monitoring pH and ORP can be used to develop a real-time control system aimed at optimizing the length of both aerobic and anoxic stages. Real-time control of methanol addition can be carried out by using the information provided by these probes: excessive methanol addition in the anoxic stage is clearly detected in the ORP profile of the following aerobic phase, while a deficit of methanol is detected in both pH and ORP profiles of that anoxic phase. Moreover, other valuable information such as the amount of ammonia nitrified, failures in DO measurements, excessive stirring during the anoxic stage and methanol dosage in the aerobic phase was also provided by the pH and ORP profiles.

scholarly journals In situ measurements of oxidation–reduction potential and hydrogen peroxide concentration as tools for revealing LPMO inactivation during enzymatic saccharification of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kadić ◽  
Anikó Várnai ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
Svein Jarle Horn ◽  
Gunnar Lidén
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
The State ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Abstract Background Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars at commercial scale is hampered by the high cost of saccharifying enzymes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) may hold the key to overcome economic barriers. Recent studies have shown that controlled activation of LPMOs by a continuous H2O2 supply can boost saccharification yields, while overdosing H2O2 may lead to enzyme inactivation and reduce overall sugar yields. While following LPMO action by ex situ analysis of LPMO products confirms enzyme inactivation, currently no preventive measures are available to intervene before complete inactivation. Results Here, we carried out enzymatic saccharification of the model cellulose Avicel with an LPMO-containing enzyme preparation (Cellic CTec3) and H2O2 feed at 1 L bioreactor scale and followed the oxidation–reduction potential and H2O2 concentration in situ with corresponding electrode probes. The rate of oxidation of the reductant as well as the estimation of the amount of H2O2 consumed by LPMOs indicate that, in addition to oxidative depolymerization of cellulose, LPMOs consume H2O2 in a futile non-catalytic cycle, and that inactivation of LPMOs happens gradually and starts long before the accumulation of LPMO-generated oxidative products comes to a halt. Conclusion Our results indicate that, in this model system, the collapse of the LPMO-catalyzed reaction may be predicted by the rate of oxidation of the reductant, the accumulation of H2O2 in the reactor or, indirectly, by a clear increase in the oxidation–reduction potential. Being able to monitor the state of the LPMO activity in situ may help maximizing the benefit of LPMO action during saccharification. Overcoming enzyme inactivation could allow improving overall saccharification yields beyond the state of the art while lowering LPMO and, potentially, cellulase loads, both of which would have beneficial consequences on process economics.

scholarly journals The Negative Impact of Varicocele on Basic Semen Parameters, Sperm Nuclear DNA Dispersion and Oxidation-Reduction Potential in Semen

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5977
Author(s):  
Kamil Gill ◽  
Michal Kups ◽  
Patryk Harasny ◽  
Tomasz Machalowski ◽  
Marta Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Sperm Dna

Since varicocele is so common in infertile men, this study intends to analyse the relationships between varicocele and conventional semen characteristics, sperm nuclear DNA dispersion and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in semen. Varicocele-positive and varicocele-negative infertile men (study groups) showed significantly lower standard sperm parameters and higher sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and ORP in semen than healthy volunteers and subjects with proven fertility (control groups). A lower proportion of low SDF levels (0–15% SDF) and higher incidence of high SDF levels (>30% SDF), as well as a higher prevalence of high ORP values (>1.37 mV/106 sperm/mL), were found in the study groups vs. the control groups. Moreover, infertile men had significantly lower odds ratios (ORs) for low SDF levels and significantly higher ORs for high SDF levels and high ORP. SDF and ORP were negatively correlated with sperm number, morphology, motility and vitality. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between SDF and ORP. The obtained results suggest that disorders of spermatogenesis may occur in varicocele-related infertility. These abnormalities are manifested not only by reduced standard semen parameters but also by decreased sperm DNA integrity and simultaneously increased oxidative stress in semen.

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