A new low-cost biofilm carrier for the treatment of municipal wastewater in a moving bed reactor

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Orantes ◽  
S. González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biofilm Carrier

The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor has proven to be an efficient system in wastewater treatment and has become a viable solution for small treatment plants. The main objective of this research was to analyse the performance of a moving bed reactor using low-cost local material when fed with municipal wastewater. A pilot reactor with a total volume of 900 litres was built and it was fed continuously with municipal wastewater. The operation of the system was adjusted to six different organic loading rates. The biofilm carrier was polyethylene tubing with internal diameter of 1.1 cm, cut into pieces of 1.2 cm. The tested material offered a specific surface area of 590 m2/m3. Air was provided with a fine-bubble diffuser. The main results show that the reactor performance was stable and predictable. The COD removal confidently behaves according to a general hyperbolic kinetic equation. The maximal total COD removal attained was 81%. Nitrification was observed only for organic loads with values under 5.7 gCOD/m2·d. Good adherence of the microorganisms was observed for the applied organic loading rates. After several months of operation, the material showed no signs of abrasion or deformation. The sludge production behaved linearly with the organic load reaching 979 gTSS/d with the highest organic load of 35.7 gCOD/m2·d. The amount of microorganisms attached to the carrier increased with the organic load tending to an asymptotical maximal value of 17.3 g/m2 (as dry solids). Mean cellular retention times from 2.0 to 23.1 days were determined.

Biological aerated filtration of municipal wastewater using a low-cost filtration media

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. González-Martínez ◽  
T. Millán ◽  
O. González-Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

The main objective of this research was to demonstrate that selected natural lava stones can be successfully used for low-cost aerobic biofiltration of municipal wastewater. To demonstrate the procedure a pilot filter was built using 6 mm lava stones as support material. The filter depth was 3.0 m. Provided with sampling ports at different depths analysis of the wastewater could be made for COD, TSS, ammonia and nitrates nitrogen, pH, temperature and Kjeldahl nitrogen. Backwashing was performed every 72 hours. Total and dissolved COD and TSS behaved similarly with the organic load: The highest removal rates were observed with the lowest organic load of 0.8 kgCOD/m3 d. These removal rates decreased to a minimum value at organic loading rates of 1.5 kgCOD/m3 d and then remained without noticeable changes to the highest value of 3.5 kgCOD/m3 d. The highest total and dissolved COD removal values were 81 and 84%, respectively. For TSS the best removal value was 95%. Up to 75% ammonia removal was achieved at the lowest organic load of 0.8 kgCOD/m3 d. Ammonia removal decreased to 36% with a higher organic load of 1.6 kgCOD/m3 d. The Mean Cellular Retention (MCRT) time varied from 1 to 6 days with an average of 3.2 days. This fact proves that the MCRT depends on the backwashing frequency more than of any other factor involved. The bed volume decreased in about 5% after 300 days of operation. Microscopic observations showed that the small stones were rounder after 300 days and that the volume losses were caused when the edges of the stones were cut by the abrasion caused by backwashing.

scholarly journals REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTERS FROM PIGGERY WASTEWATER IN ANAEROBIC MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3A) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Quan Truong Nguyen ◽  
Quan Truong Nguyen ◽  
Ha Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of Anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) on the removal of organic matters (using COD and TSS values) in piggery wastewater using two kinds of carrier: Polyurethane (PU) and Polyethylene (PE) - Different organic loading rates (OLRs) varying from 4 to 10 gCOD/l/day with controlled temperature 37±2oC, pH 7.0-7.5 were investigated. The seeded sludge was collected at the anaerobic tank of the wastewater treatment plant of the Sabeco Beer Manufacturing Plant (Nam Tu Liem district, Hanoi) and grown in the MBBR for 15 days. For porous PU material, the COD and TSS removal efficiencies achieved 69.7 and 67.3% and 54.9 and 65.5% at OLR 4 and 6 gCOD/l/day, respectively.  Whereas for wheel shape PE material, it was found that the COD removal efficiencies were slightly higher with OLR of 6  gCOD/l/day (71%%), even with higher OLR at 10 gCOD/l.day, the COD removal efficiency didn‘t seem to significantly increase (73.3 %). For TSS removal, in comparison between PU and PE, the later found slightly better with the same OLRs of 4 and 6 gCOD/l/day, reaching 63.2 and 67 %, respectively. However, TSS removal efficiencies were found to be higher with PE carrier at higher OLR, reaching 72% at 10 gCOD/l/day.

Ciliated protozoa and organic load at low temperatures in an aerated biofilter

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. García-Santana ◽  
S. González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Ciliated Protozoa ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Wastewater Systems

Ciliated protozoa have been widely used as water quality indicators because their main morphological characteristics are relatively simple to identify microscopically. The species and individual numbers in wastewater treatment systems are a consequence of the operational and environmental conditions of the process. The main objective of this research was to relate the effluent quality of a pilot aerated biofilter with the presence and relative abundance of ciliated protozoa when operated under different organic loading rates. The experimental work was done in a pilot aerated biofilter using 12 mm volcanic porous stones as filtering media and it was fed with municipal wastewater adjusting the experiments to 3 organic loading rates (3, 7, and 9 gCOD/m2·d). Temperature in the filter varied from 11 to 14°C during the experimental work. COD and BOD removal rates do not change significantly with the different organic loads. Nitrification improves inversely to the organic load and it does not show dependence on the slight temperature changes observed. Eighteen species were identified as typical residents in wastewater systems. Free swimming species prefer higher organic loads. Crawling and attached species did not show significant changes with the organic load. According to the saprobity index of Pantle and Buck, the system, independently of the organic load, presented typical α-mesosaprobe level.

Distribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms in a biological aerated filter

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. González-Barceló ◽  
S. González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Secondary Settling

Biological aerated filtration is a viable option for small municipal wastewater treatment plants. A low cost filter media was obtained by triturating volcanic rock. An apparent porosity of 46 % and a specific surface area of 395 m2/m3·d were obtained once the filter was packed by using a grain size of 8.2 mm. The performance of the system, operated as a biological filter, was evaluated under an average organic load of 2.6±0.4 kgCODT/m3·d (6.7±1.1 gCODT/m2·d) without primary and secondary settling. The average CODT decreased from 220 mg/l in the influent to 88 mg/l in the effluent and the CODD was decreased from 148 mg/l in the influent to 50 mg/l in the effluent. The filter media, in combination with the biofilm, allowed a 75 % TSS removal. The ammonia nitrogen decreased from 51 mg/l in the influent to 33 mg/l in the effluent. The maximum flux coefficients of 9.3gCODdissolved/m2·d and 2.9gNH4-N/m2·d at the biofilm surface were used to simulate, with the Michaelis-Menten model, the profiles of dissolved COD, ammonium and nitrates through the aerated filter. It was possible to conclude that the backwashing procedure removed the excess biomass and was responsible for a homogeneous distribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms along the filter depth.

Wastewater fermentation and nutrient removal in sequencing batch reactors

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Cuevas-Rodríguez ◽  
Óscar González-Barceló ◽  
Simón González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Experimental Runs

This research project was conducted to analyze the performance of a SBR reactor when being fed with anaerobically fermented wastewater. Important was to determine the capacity of the system to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. Two SBR reactors, each one with a volume of 980 liters, were used: one used as fermenter and the other as activated sludge SBR. Using 8-hour cycles, the reactors were operated and studied during 269 days. The fermenter produced an effluent with an average value of 223±24 mg/l of volatile fatty acids. The activated sludge SBR was tested under 3 organic loading rates of 0.13, 0.25, and 0.35 kgCODtotal/kgTSS·d. For the three tested organic loading rates, PO4-P concentrations under 1.1 mg/l and COD between 37 and 38 mg/l were consistently achieved. Exceptionally high NH4-N influent values were measured during the time of the experimentation with the organic load of 0.25 kgCODtotal/kgTSS·d, not reaching in this case full nitrification. Denitrification was observed during the fill phase in every cycle. SVI values between 40 and 70 were determined during the experimental runs.

Increasing the capacity for treatment of chemical plant wastewater by replacing existing suspended carrier media with Kaldnes Moving Bed(tm) media at a plant in Singapore

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Wessman ◽  
E. Yan Yuegen ◽  
Q. Zheng ◽  
G. He ◽  
T. Welander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
L 51 ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Suspended Carrier ◽  
Final Effluent

The Kaldnes biomedia K1, which is used in the patented Kaldnes Moving Bed(tm) biofilm process, has been tested along with other types of biofilm carriers for biological pretreatment of a complex chemical industry wastewater. The main objective of the test was to find a biofilm carrier that could replace the existing suspended carrier media and at the same time increase the capacity of the existing roughing filter-activated sludge plant by 20% or more. At volumetric organic loads of 7.1 kg COD/m3/d the Kaldnes Moving Bed™ process achieved much higher removal rates and much lower effluent concentrations than roughing filters using other carriers. The Kaldnes roughing stage achieved more than 85% removal of organic carbon and more than 90% removal of BOD5 at the tested organic load, which was equivalent to a specific biofilm surface area load of 24 g COD/m2/d. Even for the combined roughing filter-activated sludge process, the Kaldnes carriers outperformed the other carriers, with 98% removal of organic carbon and 99.6% removal of BOD5. The Kaldnes train final effluent concentrations were only 22 mg FOC/L and 7 mg BOD5/L. Based on the successful pilot testing, the full-scale plant was upgraded with Kaldnes Moving Bed™ roughing filters. During normal operation the upgraded plant has easily met the discharge limits of 100 mg COD/L and 50 mg SS/L. For the month of September 2002, with organic loads between 100 and 115% of the design load for the second half of the month, average effluent concentrations were as low as 9 mg FOC/L, 51 mg COD/L and 12 mg SS/L.

Biological degradation of a mixture of municipal wastewater and organic garbage leachate in expanded bed anaerobic reactors and a zeolite filter

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Castilla ◽  
L. Aguilar ◽  
M. Escamilla ◽  
B. Silva ◽  
Z. Milán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Municipal wastewater was amended with organic garbage leachates at a concentration around 700 mgCODsoluble/L and fed to three different anaerobic systems to compare their performance: a down flow fluidized bed (DFFB), an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) and a zeolite-packed anaerobic filter reactor (ZPF). The DFFB and EGSB reactors were operated at HRT of 6 and 4 h and the ZPF reactor at 12 and 36 h. Organic loads rate for the DFFB reactor were 2.3±0.9 and 4.8±1.8 gCOD/L·d, with removal efficiencies around 40% and a methane productivity of 0.2±0.03 L/Lreactor·d. For the EGSB reactor, organic loads tested were 2.1±0.9 and 4.3±1.3 gCOD/L·d, removal efficiencies attained were of 77.6±12.7% and 84.4±4.9%, respectively at both conditions and total suspended solids were removed in 54.6±19.3%, while methane productivity at 4 h HRT was of 1.29±0.4 L/Lreactor·d. The ZPF reactor was operated at lower organic loading rates, 1.4±0.27 and 0.42±0.13 gCOD/L·d and attained removal efficiencies of 48±18% and 83±8%, respectively, reaching a methane productivity of 0.21±0.09 and 0.12±0.04 L/Lreactor·d, 83±8.0% of total suspended solids were retained in the reactor and as HRT was increased ammonium concentrations increased in 39%. Specific methanogenic activity in all systems was around 0.2 gCOD-CH4/gVSS d.

scholarly journals Upflow Anaerobic Filter for the Treatment of Wastewater from a Natural Rubber Latex Concentration Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithya Gopinath ◽  
Madhu G. ◽  
Joseph Francis
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Concentration Unit

In this study, wastewater from a centrifuge rubber latex concentration unit was experimentally treated by an up-flow anaerobic filter (UAF) at variable hydraulic detention time to investigate the COD removal efficiency and the gas production rate. The UAF reactors were made of PVC pipe with an inside diameter of 9.5 cm, 180 cm in height, with a bed volume of 12.8 L, and filled with polyethylene media. The initial COD concentration of wastewater was in the range 4620 - 10400 mg.L-1. HRTs were controlled at 20 days, with the organic loading rate varying from 2.9 to 10.5 kg.day.m-3. The findings show that the COD removal efficiency of the system was in the range of 85% to 92% for the varying organic loading rates. In addition, the specific methane production rate varied from 8.2 to 14 L of CH4 produced/g of COD destroyed/day for the different organic loading rates.

Effect of organic loading rate on a wastewater treatment process combining moving bed biofilm and membrane reactors

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Melin ◽  
T. Leiknes ◽  
H. Helness ◽  
V. Rasmussen ◽  
H. Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The effect of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) loading rate on membrane fouling rate was studied in two parallel units combining MBBR and membrane reactor. Hollow fiber membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 30 kD were used. The HRTs of the MBBRs varied from 45 min to 4 h and the COD loading rates ranged from 4.1 to 26.6 g COD m−2 d−1. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was very sensitive to fluxes for the used membranes and the experiments were carried out at relatively low fluxes (3.3–5.6 l m−2 h−1). Beside the test with the highest flux, there were no consistent differences in fouling rate between the low- and high-rate reactors. Also, the removal efficiencies were quite similar in both systems. The average COD removal efficiencies in the total process were 87% at 3–4 h HRT and 83% at 0.75–1 h HRT. At high loading rates, there was a shift in particle size distribution towards smaller particles in the MBBR effluents. However, 79–81% of the COD was in particles that were separated by membranes, explaining the relatively small differences in the removal efficiencies at different loading rates. The COD fractionation also indicated that the choice of membrane pore size within the range of 30 kD to 0.1 μm has very small effect on the COD removal in the MBBR/membrane process, especially with low-rate MBBRs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document