Co-treatment of septage in a municipal sewage treatment pond system

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
B. Kurup ◽  
R. Kurup ◽  
K. Mathew ◽  
G. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pond System ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Total Capacity

This paper deals with the characteristics and treatment options of septage. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the effects of co-treatment of 50 MLD of septage in a sewage treatment pond system. The treatment efficiency of the pond system for BOD5 and Fecal Coliform (FC) has been estimated using a first order kinetics model. The model has predicted that the treatment pond system has a maximum capacity of 8.5 MLD and will have a reserve of 28.3% of its total capacity even after the proposed addition of 50 MLD of septage. Separation of oil and grease from septage prior to discharge into the pond system is recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the stx2 Gene in Coliform Populations from Aquatic Environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3535-3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garc�a-Aljaro ◽  
Maite Muniesa ◽  
Juan Jofre ◽  
Anicet R. Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains are human pathogens linked to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The major virulence factors of these strains are Shiga toxins Stx1 and Stx2. The majority of the genes coding for these toxins are borne by bacteriophages. Free Stx2-encoding bacteriophages have been found in aquatic environments, but there is limited information about the lysogenic strains and bacteria present in the environment that are susceptible to phage infection. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and the distribution of the stx 2 gene in coliform bacteria in sewage samples of different origins. The presence of the stx 2 gene was monitored every 2 weeks over a 1-year period in a municipal sewage treatment plant. A mean value of 102 genes/ml was observed without significant variation during the study period. This concentration was of the same order of magnitude in raw municipal sewage of various origins and in animal wastewater from several slaughterhouses. A total of 138 strains carrying the stx 2 gene were isolated by colony hybridization. This procedure detected approximately 1 gene-carrying colony per 1,000 fecal coliform colonies in municipal sewage and around 1 gene-carrying colony per 100 fecal coliform colonies in animal wastewaters. Most of the isolates belonged to E. coli serotypes other than E. coli O157, suggesting a low prevalence of strains of this serotype carrying the stx 2 gene in the wastewater studied.

Diphasic transfer of oxygen in vertical flow filters: a modelling approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Petitjean ◽  
A. Wanko ◽  
N. Forquet ◽  
R. Mosé ◽  
F. Lawniczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Model ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Convection Diffusion ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
First Results ◽  
Diffusion Phenomena ◽  
Modelling Approach

Oxygen renewal, as a prominent phenomenon for aerobic bacterial activity, deeply impacts vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) treatment efficiency. The authors introduce a multiphase model able to simulate oxygen transfer in VFCWs. It is based on a two-phase flow module, and a transport module. The transport module is able to deal with convection/diffusion phenomena, inter-phase (air–water) mass exchange, and first-order kinetics. The first results displayed for the air phase allow us to draw the following ideas on the design of vertical filters. The ponding phenomenon is more efficient for oxygen renewal than non-ponding batch loading: it provides a higher value, sooner, and deeper in the filter. In non-colonised filters and for standard batch loading, oxygen convection in the air phase is predominant for oxygen renewal. The seepage front limits oxygen renewal through the bottom of the filter and leads to an insufficient oxygen concentration on the lowest part of the filter.

Impact of SRT on Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in a Carrousel Oxidation Ditch for Sewage Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2104-2107
Author(s):  
Yi Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Simultaneous Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Carrousel Oxidation Ditch ◽  
The Impact

The impact of SRT on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the Carrousel Oxidation Ditch was carried out based on pilot-scale to treat low COD/TN municipal sewage. The impact factor, sludge retention time (SRT), was investigated on the occurrence of SND. The experiment results showed that in the oxygen-deficient environment whose DO was 0.3 mg/L, R of 50%, MLSS of 4000 mg/L, the treatment efficiency achieved the best with SRT of 20 d, the COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) of effluent were lower than 32 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 13 mg/L, respectively, which was observed efficient phenomenon of SND. Overall, these results demonstrated that the Carrousel Oxidation Ditch with the occurrence of SND could have the potential to treat low C/N sewage.

Ultraviolet Disinefection of Secondary and Tertiary Effluent in the Mediterranean Region

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Andreadakis ◽  
D. Mamais ◽  
D. Christoulas ◽  
S. Kabylafka
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
The One ◽  
Athens Area ◽  
Lamp Fouling

A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of ultraviolet radiation in disinfecting secondary and tertiary effluents using wastewater from two full scale treatment plants located in the greater Athens area, the one receiving municipal sewage and the other receiving municipal sewage and septage. The effective UV dose for coliform removal, the effects of feedwater characteristics on UV disinfection and the lamp fouling potential were examined. For secondary effluent samples the required UV dose to achieve effluent fecal concentrations of less than 2,000 FC/100 ml varied from 30 to 60 mW-sec/cm2, depending on the water quality characteristics of the feedwater. High effluent suspended solids significantly increased the UV dose required to achieve adequate disinfection. For tertiary effluent the required UV dose to meet the 2000 FC/100 ml criterion was only 10 mW-sec/cm2, where as a dose of 40-50 mW-sec/cm2 was sufficient to achieve effluent coliform concentrations of less than 10 FC/100 ml. The inactivation of coliforms followed first order kinetics for relative low UV doses, with inactivation rates in the 0,107–0,303 cm2/mW-sec range for secondary effluent and 0,325 cm2/mW-sec for tertiary effluent. The lamp fouling potential was relatively high and the required lamp cleaning frequency was approximately twice per month.

Photo-catalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants in paper mills of southern China

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Xiaoquan Chen ◽  
Wenhao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics

Studies were undertaken to evaluate gaseous pollutants in workplace air within pulp and paper mills and to consider the effectiveness of photo-catalytic treatment of this air. Ambient air at 30 sampling sites in five pulp and paper mills of southern China were sampled and analyzed. The results revealed that formaldehyde and various benzene-based molecules were the main gaseous pollutants at these five mills. A photo-catalytic reactor system with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was developed and evaluated for degradation of formaldehyde, benzene and their mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that both formaldehyde and benzene in their pure forms could be completely photo-catalytic degraded, though the degradation of benzene was much more difficult than that for formaldehyde. Study of the photo-catalytic degradation kinetics revealed that the degradation rate of formaldehyde increased with initial concentration fitting a first-order kinetics reaction. In contrast, the degradation rate of benzene had no relationship with initial concentration and degradation did not conform to first-order kinetics. The photo-catalytic degradation of formaldehyde-benzene mixtures indicated that formaldehyde behaved differently than when treated in its pure form. The degradation time was two times longer and the kinetics did not reflect a first-order reaction. The degradation of benzene was similar in both pure form and when mixed with formaldehyde.

Kinetic of oxidation of methyl orange by vanadium(V) under conditions VO2+ and decavanadates coexist: Catalysis by Triton X-100 micellar medium

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Vanadium Concentration ◽  
Limiting Behavior ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Kinetic Pattern ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of oxidation of methyl orange by vanadium(V) {V(V)} has been investigated in the pH range 2.3-3.79. In this pH range V(V) exists both in the form of decavanadates and VO2+. The kinetic results are distinctly different from the results obtained for the same reaction in highly acidic solution (pH < 1) where V(V) exists only in the form of VO2+. The reaction obeys first order kinetics with respect to methyl orange but the rate has very little dependence on total vanadium concentration. The reaction is accelerated by H+ ion but the dependence of rate on [H+] is less than that corresponding to first order dependence. The equilibrium between decavanadates and VO2+ explains the different kinetic pattern observed in this pH range. The reaction is markedly accelerated by Triton X-100 micelles. The rate-[surfactant] profile shows a limiting behavior indicative of a unimolecular pathway in the micellar pseudophase.

Presence of Phenolic Compounds in Sewage, Effluent and Sludge from Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
F B DeWalle ◽  
D A Kalman ◽  
R Dills ◽  
D Norman ◽  
E S K Chian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Calculated Concentration ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Dimethyl Phenol

A total of 25 municipal sewage treatment plants were sampled, 10 of which were resampled, to determine the quantity of phenolics in the sewage, final effluent and the anaerobically digested sludge using capillary GC/MS/DS/techniques. The study noted in decreasing order of frequency in raw sewage: phenol, pentachloro-phenol, dimethyl phenol, 3-methyl, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dinitro-6-methylphenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The maximum concentration of phenol in sewage and sludge was 2800 ppb and 4460 respectively, while similar values for pentachlorophenol were 58 and 1200 ppb. Statistically calculated concentration reductions for phenol and dimethyl phenol were generally greater than noted for tri- and pentachlorophenol. Low decreases or increases were noted for monochlorophenol and especially for dichlorophenol as a result of the chloronation of the final effluent.

The Possible Utilization of Waste Sludge as an Adsorbent for Removal of Organic Vapor

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Chiang ◽  
J. H. You
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Organic Vapor ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant

In this investigation it was found that the waste sludge obtained from a municipal sewage treatment plant could be reclaimed as an adsorbent for removal of organic vapours, i.e. toluene, methyl-ethyl-ketone and 1-1-2-trichloroethylene, through use of a pyrolysis technique. In order to find the optimum manufacturing process, several tests were performed under various conditions in which the addition of a catalyst, temperature control, and residence time in the furnace, were considered as the three major factors. Both the reclaimed adsorbent and commercially available activated carbon were evaluated to determine their adsorption capacity at various influent concentrations of organic vapours.

Behaviour of Alkylphenol Polyethoxylate Surfactants and of Nitrilotriacetate in Sewage Treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Giger ◽  
M. Ahel ◽  
M. Koch ◽  
H. U. Laubscher ◽  
C. Schaffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Effluents and sludges from several municipal sewage treatment plants in Switzerland were analyzed for nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEO, n=3-20), nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylate (NPlEO, NP2EO), corresponding nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids (NP1EC, NP2EC) and nonylphenol (NP). These chemicals derive from nonionic surfactants of the NPnEO-type, and specific analitical techniques were used to study their behaviour during mechanical-biological sewage and subsequent sludge treatment. The parent NPnEO-surfactants, with concentrations in raw and mechanically treated sewage from 400-2200 mg/m3, were relatively efficiently removed by the activated sludge treatment. The abundances of the different metabolites varied depending on treatment conditions. The refractory nature of NPl/2EO, NP and NPl/2EC was recognized. Both biotransformations and physico-chemical processes determine the behaviour and fate of nonylphenolic substances in sewage treatment. Nitrilotriacetate (NTA) was found in primary effluents at concentrations between 430 and 1390 mg/m3. The various treatment plants showed different removal efficiencies for NTA depending on the operating conditions. Activated sludge treatment with low sludge loading rates and nitrifying conditions removed NTA with efficiencies between 95 and 99%. High sludge loading caused a decrease in NTA removal efficiencies from 70% to 39%.

Biodegradation rates of aromatic contaminants in biofilm reactors

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Arcangeli ◽  
Erik Arvin
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
First Order ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Order Surface

This study has shown that microorganisms can adapt to degrade mixtures of aromatic pollutants at relatively high rates in the μg/l concentration range. The biodegradation rates of the following compounds were investigated in biofilm systems: aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, methylphenols, chlorophenols, nitrophenol, chlorobenzenes and aromatic nitrogen-, sulphur- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds (NSO-compounds). Furthermore, a comparison with degradation rates observed for easily degradable organics is also presented. At concentrations below 20-100 μg/l the degradation of the aromatic compounds was typically controlled by first order kinetics. The first-order surface removal rate constants were surprisingly similar, ranging from 2 to 4 m/d. It appears that NSO-compounds inhibit the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons, even at very low concentrations of NSO-compounds. Under nitrate-reducing conditions, toluene was easily biodegraded. The xylenes and ethylbenzene were degraded cometabolically if toluene was used as a primary carbon source; their removal was influenced by competitive inhibition with toluene. These interaction phenomena are discussed in this paper and a kinetic model taking into account cometabolism and competitive inhibition is proposed.

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