Nutrient fluxes from the Danube Basin to the Black Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zessner ◽  
J. van Gils
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Measured Water ◽  
Model Approach

This paper deals with the state of the art of quantification of sources, pathways and sinks of nutrients in the Danube Basin and their transport from the catchment to the Black Sea. It shows main results of emission estimates to surface waters and the Danube Water Quality Model approach to link these emissions estimates to measured water monitoring data. The current paper provides a quantitative synthesis of available knowledge regarding the fate of nutrients in the Danube Basin. Even though many knowledge gaps existed, our understanding of the system has increased. As such, the paper provides a vehicle to carry the discussion one step beyond just complaining about how much we do not know yet.

Nutrient Balances for Danube Countries: A Strategic Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Somlyódy ◽  
P. H. Brunner ◽  
H. Kroiϐ
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Nutrient Balances ◽  
Danube Basin

Issues of nutrient management were studied in ten countries of the Danube Basin in the frame of the Danube Environment Programme. Comprehensive data collection covered socio-economic and natural factors influencing nutrient balances, water quality of the Danube and its tributaries, and major features of wastewater management for municipalities. The innovative methodology of materials accounting was applied to develop nutrient balances for the countries involved and the Danube Basin, and to get insight on causes, temporal changes of stocks and early recognition. The approach was cross-checked against loads estimated from ambient water quality observations. Main dilemmas of water quality management (local problems, and the regional eutrophication of the Danube Delta and the Black Sea) were identified and options of load reductions were evaluated. Agriculture pollution of mostly non-point source origin was found as the key of developing an integrated emission reduction policy for the Basin. Municipal wastewater management strategies were studied in detail. Recommendations were given on strategy development, monitoring, research and improved international cooperation in the Danube/Black Sea Basin.

90Sr and 137Cs in surface waters of the Dnieper River, the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea in 1987 and 1988

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Polikarpov ◽  
L.G. Kulebakina ◽  
V.I. Timoshchuk ◽  
N.A. Stokozov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea

The BS-MFC service and system evolutions within Copernicus Marine Service

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanas Palazov ◽  
Stefania A. Ciliberti ◽  
Rita Lecci ◽  
Marilaure Gregoire ◽  
Joanna Staneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Core Model ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Black Sea Region

<p>The BS-MFC (Black Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Centre) since 2016 is guaranteeing production and delivery of high quality ocean analysis, forecast and reanalysis fields for essential variables, biogeochemical quantities and waves in the Black Sea region within the Copernicus Marine Service. A reliable and robust service infrastructure serves both the production systems and data delivery, through ad hoc technical interfaces, for an efficient update of the catalogue, which includes 22 datasets for physical variables, 22 for biogeochemical variables and 4 for waves. Additionally, a Local Service Desk is in charge for ensuring connections among BS-MFC, CMEMS and Users with the scope to support end-users in using BS-MFC data for downstream applications from the technical and scientific perspectives. The production centres are the core of the BS-MFC: Physics, Biogeochemistry and Waves units implemented, over the Copernicus 2 Programme, state-of-the-art and advanced numerical approaches to improve the quality of the near real time and multi year products. In the 2020, in particular, the BS-Physics team proposed a new reanalysis product, based on new version of the hydrodynamical core model, based on NEMO v3.6, with assimilation of CMEMS observations (e.g. insitu temperature and salinity profiles, including also historical dataset provided by SeaDataNet, and sea level anomaly satellite data) and forced by ECMWF ERA5. The BS-Physics team is working also on preparing the new version of the near real time system, that will provide spatial high resolution analysis and forecast products, using a new version based on NEMO v4.0, online coupled to data assimilation scheme, with optimal interface with the Mediterranean Sea. BS-Biogeochemistry team updated the overall catalogue, with new near real time system, based on NEMO v3.6 online coupled to BAHMBI model, with new carbonate model, able to assimilate new chlorophyll satellite data provided by the CMEMS OC TAC; regarding multi year product, the BS-Biogeochemistry team delivered new datasets, generated by the new NEMO-BAHMBI coupled system forced by ECMWF ERA5 – totally aligned with the near real time system, without data assimilation – for reconstructing the past biogeochemical sea state in the Black Sea. BS-Waves team updated the overall catalogue as well, with new near real time system based on state-of-the-art WAM Cycle 6.0, one-way coupled with hourly currents fields provided by the BS-Physics near real time system; a new reanalysis, from 1979 to 2019, has been also delivered, based on same core model as the near real time system, forced by ECMWF ERA5 atmospheric forcing, and able to assimilate the significant wave height provided by CMEMS SL TAC. Systems are monitored through a product quality dashboard, based on standards inherited from GODAE/Oceanpredict and MERSEA/MyOcean (which includes CLASS 1, 2 and 4 metrics).</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals UGVs Support to Naval Operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Valerian Novac ◽  
Eugen Rusu ◽  
Ovidiu Cosma
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Naval Operations

AbstractThe article is presenting actual state of the art UGVs capabilities and employment in support of naval operations. The paper provides a demanding inquiry of the Black Sea environment and, in this regard, the ways to employ UGVs in support of naval operations conducted in this basin, especially in the grey waters area. As UGVs can be employed alone, as soldiers companion or multiple vehicles, the paper underlines strong points and shortfalls regarding human-vehicle interaction, ”cooperation” between multiple vehicles, and the possibility and opportunity to employ such platforms in conjunction with other manned or unmanned platforms. In the concluding section, the paper gives some directions of research necessary to improve the ability of this vehicle to support naval operations.

scholarly journals Analysis of seasonal variability of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of surface waters in the northwestern Black Sea

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
A.A. Valle ◽  
◽  
E.A Grebneva ◽  
A.B. Polonsky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Data Set

Based on the archival data set of the Institute of Natural and Technical Systems from 1955 to 2015 the intra-annual variability of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and PH in the surface layer of the waters of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea, including the Danube estuary area, is analyzed. The temperature of surface waters on the NW shelf of the Black Sea and the Danube waters differ significantly on a seasonal scale. The Danube waters considerably cool down the surface layer of the estuarine zone during the winter months. Seasonal changes in salinity are associated not only with large seasonal fluctuations in the river flow, precipitation and evaporation, but also with seasonal variability of the wind field. In the autumn period in the spatial distribution there is an increased oxygen content off the coast of Romania, which is related to the prevailing northwestern wind in this region, which leads to the drift of the transformed Danube waters along the western coast. Due to the prevalence of southeastern winds off the Romanian coast, the Danube waters are blocked in the coastal region, which is clearly seen from the spatial distribution of oxygen. The seasonal dynamics of the pH value corresponds to the development of production processes. From winter to summer, an increase in the pH value is noted in both water areas, and then its decrease by autumn. The absolute predominance of the annual harmonic in the seasonal variability of most of the analyzed hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics in most of the examined shelf water area was confirmed. The exception is the salinity in the estuary area of the Danube. The semiannual harmonic describes more than 60% of the total variance due to the seasonal variability of salinity, which is related to the peculiarities of the wind regime in the region.

scholarly journals Radioecological regularities of plutonium alpha-radionuclides redistribution in the Black Sea ecosystem

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Tereshchenko ◽  
S. B. Gulin ◽  
V. Yu. Proskurnin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Radiochemical Analysis ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration

The work is devoted to the study of radioecological processes of redistribution of plutonium alpha-radionuclides (239+240Pu) as the main man-maid dose-forming alpha-radionuclides during the period after Chernobyl NPP accident. 239+240Pu are long-lived radioisotopes, the content of which is increasing in natural ecosystems from incident to incident. Radiotoxicity of these radionuclides is high, and we need science-based approaches of assessment and forecast of radioecological condition of the basins being at risk of a radioactive re-contamination, such as the Black Sea as an inland sea located at region close to developed countries using nuclear technologies. The study was performed with modern advanced techniques, the main of them were radiochemical analysis, alpha-spectrometry and radiotracer technologies. As a result of investigation the radiological regularities of plutonium behavior in the Black Sea ecosystem during the post-Chernobyl period were revealed. Quantitative parameters of plutonium migration in the sea were determined: sedimentation rates at different areas of the sea, the 239+240Pu effective half-lives in surface water, the 239+240Pu radiocapacity factor for bottom sediment, the 239+240Pu fluxes, levels of 239+240Pu in the ecosystem components, and the 239+240Pu accumulation factors for biotic and abiotic components. The features of the biogeochemical behavior of plutonium in the Black Sea ecosystem were identified and the conditions and processes causing them were indicated. The increased ability of the Black Sea surface water to self-purification against 239+240Pu, short residence time of plutonium in surface waters, the relatively high rapid of plutonium accumulation in the bottom sediment due to biogeochemical sedimentation of it, the high concentration ability of silt sediment against 239+240Pu and the type of biogeochemical behavior of plutonium in the Black Sea ecosystem has been observed.

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