Pollution based real time control of wastewater systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Risholt ◽  
W. Schilling ◽  
V. Erbe ◽  
J. Alex
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Wet Weather

Wastewater systems are traditionally built as static systems to handle a design load. The real load varies, though, and hardly ever equals the design load. This implies that wastewater systems hardly ever operate in an optimum way, especially during wet weather. Real time control (RTC) of regulators can improve the operation by better fit of the system to the actual state and load. RTC based on pollutant concentrations together with hydraulic conditions (pollution based real time control, PBRTC) is investigated in this paper to assess the potential pollutant load reduction on receiving waters at wet weather without expansion of transport or storage capacity. Both CSOs and WWTP effluents contribute to the pollutant discharges to receiving waters and both are considered. Three cases are studied to assess the potential benefit of PBRTC. Giving priority to the most polluted wastewater for treatment and storage in branched interceptor systems can reduce CSO discharge loads by more than 20%. Biological WWTPs and especially activated sludge plants are more complex and less stable than chemical precipitation plants during and after high pollutant and hydraulic load. Biological plants can hence profit more from PBRTC than chemical precipitation plants. Receiving waters that are sensitive to acute effects caused by intermittent discharges can benefit more from PBRTC than receiving waters with problems connected to long-term accumulation of pollution.

Practical Perspective on Real-Time Control

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Colas ◽  
Martin Pleau ◽  
Jean Lamarre ◽  
Geneviève Pelletier ◽  
Pierre Lavallée
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Engineering Community ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract Environmental regulation is evolving and will require billions of dollars in investments to improve the operation of wastewater systems and to control the wet-weather pollution. The optimization of existing facilities before building new ones has been emphasized as a preferred strategy and, consequently, municipalities are learning that they can avoid costly and unnecessary capital improvement projects. Real-time control is a technology that serves to optimize the operation of wastewater systems. However, it is still not widely used, although it is gaining acceptance in the municipal engineering community. More and more municipalities are evaluating the potential of real-time control for their systems. Nevertheless, there are relatively few examples of actual real-time control applications or publications on this topic. Many issues still need to be addressed, ranging from the evaluation of real-time control to its implementation. Some of the criteria that favour the implementation of real-time control systems are presented, including safety, reliability, adaptability and flexibility, and such a presentation is complemented by case studies of operational real-time control systems illustrating these characteristics.

Pollution based real time control strategies for combined sewer systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Weinreich ◽  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Ane Birkely ◽  
Tallak Moland
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Tunnel System

This paper presents results from an application of a newly developed simulation tool for pollution based real time control (PBRTC) of urban drainage systems. The Oslo interceptor tunnel is used as a case study. The paper focuses on the reduction of total phosphorus Ptot and ammonia-nitrogen NH4-N overflow loads into the receiving waters by means of optimized operation of the tunnel system. With PBRTC the total reduction of the Ptot load is 48% and of the NH4-N load 51%. Compared to the volume based RTC scenario the reductions are 11% and 15%, respectively. These further reductions could be achieved with a relatively simple extension of the operation strategy.

Temperature and conductivity as control parameters for pollution-based real-time control

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P.S. Schilperoort ◽  
G. Gruber ◽  
C.M.L. Flamink ◽  
F.H.L.R. Clemens ◽  
J.H.J.M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Typical Behaviour ◽  
Good Relation ◽  
Set Up

Most sewer system performance indicators are not easily measurable online at high frequencies in wastewater systems, which hampers real-time control with those parameters. Instead of using a constituent of wastewater, an alternative could be to use characteristics of wastewater that are relatively easily measurable in sewer systems and could serve as indicator parameters for the dilution process of wastewater. This paper focuses on the possibility to use the parameters of temperature and conductivity. It shows a good relation of temperature and conductivity with the dilution of DWF (dry weather flow) during WWF (wet weather flow) a monitoring station in Graz, Austria, as an example. The simultaneous monitoring of both parameters leads to valuable back-up information in case one parameter (temperature) shows no reaction to a storm event. However, for various reasons, anomalies occur in the typical behaviour of both parameters. The frequency and extent of these anomalies will determine the usefulness of the proposed parameters in a system for pollution-based real-time control. Both the normal behaviour and the anomalies will be studied further by means of trend and correlation analyses of data to be obtained from a monitoring network for the parameters of interest that is currently being set up in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals An MPC-Enabled SWMM Implementation of the Astlingen RTC Benchmarking Network

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Sun ◽  
Jan Lorenz Svensen ◽  
Morten Borup ◽  
Vicenç Puig ◽  
Gabriela Cembrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Benchmark System ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Global Strategies ◽  
Swmm Model

The advanced control of urban drainage systems (UDS) has great potential in reducing pollution to the receiving waters by optimizing the operations of UDS infrastructural elements. Existing controls vary in complexity, including local and global strategies, Real-Time Control (RTC) and Model Predictive Control (MPC). Their results are, however, site-specific, hindering a direct comparison of their performance. Therefore, the working group ‘Integral Real-Time Control’ of the German Water Association (DWA) developed the Astlingen benchmark network, which has been implemented in conceptual hydrological models and applied to compare RTC strategies. However, the level of detail of such implementations is insufficient for testing more complex MPC strategies. In order to provide a benchmark for MPC, this paper presents: (1) The implementation of the conceptual Astlingen system in an open-source hydrodynamic model (EPA-SWMM), and (2) the application of an MPC strategy to the developed SWMM model. The MPC strategy was tested against traditional and well-established local and global RTC approaches, demonstrating how the proposed benchmark system can be used to test and compare complex control strategies.

Real time control of wastewater systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Bengt Andersson ◽  
Ulf Nyberg ◽  
Henrik Aspegren ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems

Potential and limitations of modern equipment for real time control of urban wastewater systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campisano ◽  
J. Cabot Ple ◽  
D. Muschalla ◽  
M. Pleau ◽  
P.A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems

Aeration tank settling and real time control as a tool to improve the hydraulic capacity and treatment efficiency during wet weather: results from 7 years' full-scale operational data

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2169-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sharma ◽  
T. Guildal ◽  
H. A. R. Thomsen ◽  
P. S. Mikkelsen ◽  
B. N. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Tank Settling

This paper investigates the aeration tank settling (ATS) operation in combination with real time control (RTC) as a tool for increasing the hydraulic capacity and improving the treatment efficiency of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during wet weather flows. Results from 7 years' full-scale operational data at the Avedøre WWTP, Denmark, show that ATS operation in combination with RTC increases the hydraulic capacity of the treatment plant with up to 150 and 67% of the design capacity during winter and summer respectively. Compared to the conventional wet weather operation, the ATS in combination with RTC operation resulted in lower effluent concentrations for total phosphate (40–50%), suspended solids (30–60%) and chemical oxygen demand (30–50%), whereas no significant effect was observed on total nitrogen. Apart from the reduced effluent concentrations, the RTC resulted in economic savings in the form of reduced costs for electricity and green taxes. However, in very few cases the ATS operation in combination with RTC was not able to handle design capacity, and some overflows occurred at flows below the design capacity. The frequency of these overflows may increase in the future due to increased rain intensity resulting in shorter prediction time available for ATS.

scholarly journals Automation and real-time control of urban wastewater systems: a review of the move towards sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biniam B. Ashagre ◽  
Guangtao Fu ◽  
David Butler
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Time Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
And Control

Abstract Automation and real-time control have long been used in urban wastewater systems. However, there is a critical need to review how real-time control contributes to sustainable water management. This review provides a systematic review of the role of real-time control towards creating a sustainable wastewater system. This review identifies the social, economic and environmental pillars of sustainability that can be achieved using automation and control systems, considering individual systems and different scales of integration. Results obtained from a systematic literature review show that previous research on automation and control related to sustainability in the water sector focuses on addressing economic issues (mainly operational cost reduction) and improving the quality of the water environment, while the social pillar of sustainability is not addressed to a significant degree. Integrated control is identified as a promising approach to address the three pillars of sustainability. Future research on automaton and real-time control in the water and wastewater system needs to explicitly demonstrate the contribution of control strategies towards the attributes of sustainability. To this end, regulatory bodies should focus on creating an overarching sustainability framework with indicators of sustainability clearly defined. Further, addressing three pillars of sustainability requires an integrated approach at a catchment scale where upstream and downstream processes are considered.

Potential of turbidity monitoring for real time control of pollutant discharge in sewers during rainfall events

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lacour ◽  
C. Joannis ◽  
M.-C. Gromaire ◽  
G. Chebbo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Total Event

Turbidity sensors can be used to continuously monitor the evolution of pollutant mass discharge. For two sites within the Paris combined sewer system, continuous turbidity, conductivity and flow data were recorded at one-minute time intervals over a one-year period. This paper is intended to highlight the variability in turbidity dynamics during wet weather. For each storm event, turbidity response aspects were analysed through different classifications. The correlation between classification and common parameters, such as the antecedent dry weather period, total event volume per impervious hectare and both the mean and maximum hydraulic flow for each event, was also studied. Moreover, the dynamics of flow and turbidity signals were compared at the event scale. No simple relation between turbidity responses, hydraulic flow dynamics and the chosen parameters was derived from this effort. Knowledge of turbidity dynamics could therefore potentially improve wet weather management, especially when using pollution-based real-time control (P-RTC) since turbidity contains information not included in hydraulic flow dynamics and not readily predictable from such dynamics.

Municipal Wastewater Systems, Integrated Approach to Design, Monitoring and Control

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harremoës ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
A. Lynggaard-Jensen ◽  
B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems

A city and several companies joined in a large scale project with the aim to introduce real time control of the sewer system and the wastewater treatment plant. The basic goals were established from the receiving water studies, and essentially represent constraints on the total nutrient discharge causing eutrophication of a fjord and limits on oxygen depletion by combined sewer overflows in the small upstream rivers. The paper describes the basic principles and approaches for the real time control in urban wastewater systems.

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