Buffer zones promoting oligotrophication in golf course runoffs: fiddler crabs as estuarine health indicators

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.Y. George ◽  
G. Bodnar ◽  
S.L. Gerlach ◽  
R.M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
The University

Nitrogen pollution above a threshold level induces a eutrophication process in coastal creek ecosystems and consequently impacts on the water quality. The remedy for this scenario is the introduction of methods to enhance oligotrophication by means of constructed wetlands and buffer zones. This paper discusses new data on nitrogen flux and population changes in the primary consumers in the Bradley Creek ecosystem, adjacent to the Duck Haven Golf Course in southeastern North Carolina. In 1998-99, over different seasons, density distribution of the field populations of the fiddler crab Uca minax, was monitored as an indicator of environmental health. A control site at Whiskey Creek, adjacent to the University Center for Marine Sciences, was monitored in the same period since this site is not influenced by any golf course nutrient flux. The results pointed out that threshold level for optimum population density in Spartina grandiflora salt marsh is 0.1 mg/L of nitrates. A dense crab population, adjacent to the golf course with a buffer zone, was indicative of restoration of the estuarine ecosystem. A model, involving the use of constructed wetlands for oligotrophication, is being prepared on the basis of studies conducted by the University of South Alabama for a stormwater wetland constructed adjacent to the university's golf course.

Electric Fences and Poison Buffers as Barriers to Movements and Dispersal of Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus Vulpecula) on Farmland.

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Cowan ◽  
DS Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Electric Fence

Limitation of the spread of bovine tuberculosis by brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand involves creating buffer zones 3-5km wide around areas where the disease is endemic in possum populations; low possum density is established by aerial and ground poisoning and maintained by repeated control. The effectiveness of a buffer zone was examined using live-trapping and radiotracking to study movements and dispersal of juvenile and adult possums in comparison with a nearby, undisturbed (control) site. At a third site, the effect of a 3-km long, 9-strand electric fence, erected from ridge to ridge across a valley catchment, for reducing possum dispersal was measured, as an alternative to a buffer zone. Adult possums were highly sedentary; only one permanent shift of more than 0.5km was detected during repeated live-trapping and radio-tracking, and most consecutive live captures were in traps less than 200m apart. None of the radio-tagged adults adjacent to the poison buffer zones moved permanently into the low-density areas. By contrast, about 20% of radio-tagged juveniles dispersed more than 0.5km, moving up to 11.6km from their natal areas, most in a generally west-north-west to east-north-east direction. About equal numbers dispersed upstream, downstream, or in other directions. Significantly more males dispersed than females, but their dispersal distances were similar. Some dispersing possums moved more than 2km overnight, and females, particularly, often made several moves before settling. Most juveniles dispersed before they were one year old, mainly in the three months immediately preceding the peak of births in autumn. Neither the poison buffer zone nor the electric fence appeared to influence the proportion of juveniles that dispersed more than 0.5km, or the average distance dispersed. The implications of these findings in preventing the spread of bovine tuberculosis are discussed.

Ecotechnological Measures to Control Nutrient Losses from Catchments

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdo Kuusemets ◽  
Ülo Mander
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Total N ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Total P

Ecotechnological measures allow to use different natural and seminatural ecosystems to control nutrient losses from intensively used watersheds. The most effective means are buffer strips, buffer zones and constructed wetlands. In southern Estonia a 31 m wide buffer zone of wet meadow and grey alder forest removed 50% nitrogen and 78% phosphorus, while in a 51 m buffer zone, also containing a grassland strip in addition to wet meadow and alder forest, 87 % N and 84 % P was retained. The outflow of total – N was 4.9% and outflow of total – P was 4.8% lower in well-buffered watershed in comparison to similar watershed with lower buffering ability. Three constructed wetlands in southern Estonia were studied. The removal efficiency was 76 – 84% for BOD5, 39 – 70% for total-N, 73 – 83% for total-P. All results show that compared to other seasons the winter performance was not reduced.

scholarly journals Housing and population sprawl near tailings storage facilities in the Witwatersrand: 1952 to current

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Kneen ◽  
Matthew E. Ojelede ◽  
Harold J. Annegarn ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Quality Dispersion ◽  
Storage Facilities

Abstract Mining, tailings storage facilities (TSFs), dust pollution and growth in residential housing development are synonymous with the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Encroachment of housing onto land close to TSFs, i.e. areas rendered marginal because of the dust hazard and risk of structural failure, has continued unabated for decades, intensifying human exposure to windblown mineral dust. Recent research indicates that the finer milling used for modern gold extraction results in aeolian dust emanating from the TSFs which contributes to a higher proportion of inhalable particles in the source material. Air quality dispersion modelling, validated by ambient aerosol monitoring campaigns, indicates that episodic dust events generate particulate matter (PM10) and, specifically, quartz dust concentrations that are unhealthy at distances of up to 2 km downwind from TSFs. This contribution documented residential development from 1952 to 2011 (using historical aerial photographs, census data from 2001 and 2011 and ancillary information) to determine the population exposed to dust emanations from the TSFs. Using the images, land use was classified into residential areas, TSF footprints and open areas, onto which a series of 500 m buffer zone contours were superimposed. The resulting statistics were used to assess the populations exposed to dust hazard within the defined buffer zones. Overall, housing development has experienced a growth of approximately 700% since 1952 at a rate of 14% per year. Analysis of recent monitoring campaign data has confirmed multiple occurrences of quartzrich inhalable dust in residential settings at levels that exceed occupational health standards, extrapolated to values for population exposure.

scholarly journals Booklet development based on research identification of fiddler crab (Uca spp.) diversity in mangrove ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ajizatunnisa Ajizatunnisa ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Lud Waluyo ◽  
Fuad Jaya Miharja
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
The University ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
Product Specifications

The purpose of this development study is to develop research-based booklet for the identification of fiddler crab (Uca spp.) diversity. Some people do not yet know the ecological benefits of fiddler crabs. This is apparent when some people take fiddler crabs to serve as decorative crabs. The product specifications expected in the development of this medium are booklets. Therefore, it takes a companion learning media that can lead the local community to implement self-learning in the form of booklet because their interest of reading is very less, especially when reading a book that is colorless and has a lot of words. Booklet that is packed with interesting and accompanied by pictures is an alternative solution. The development method used in the research is Exploration, Explanation, and Evaluate (3E) model. The research was conducted by developing the research result into a booklet based on the diversity of fiddler crabs in mangrove ecosystem. The booklet validation consists of two lecturers from the Department of Biology Education at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang which is a material expert and learning media expert. The result of this research is booklet very valid with the percentage of material expert validity 81.25% and learning media expert 95.13%.

scholarly journals Geopolitical Discrimination of Some Countries as Exemplified by Ukraine: Difficulties and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
pp. 666-670
Author(s):  
Olha Bohomolets
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
International Power ◽  
Post War

The article studies the history and the current stage of Russia’s aggression to-wards countries with lower military potential. The collapse of the post-war system of international relations and collective security has become apparent: the aggression of Russia against Moldova, Georgia and Ukraine has testified to the fact that there are no longer any tools to protect countries subjected to discrimination from super powers. Today discrimination affects not only people or social groups, but also some countries. Such countries are not capable of pursuing an independent policy as to major centres of international power they have to deal with. Peculiar to these countries are uncompetitive economy, low quality of life and undeveloped civil society, they hence become a target for “vital interests”, namely bidding by so-called super powers. “Giants” are attracted by the geographical location of a possible “victim”, access to the sea, transit facilities, natural resources, especially energy, low-cost labour, etc. It is often that “discriminated” countries become grounds for ignition of burning or frozen conflicts provoked by powerful neighbours’ influence, or are exposed to open aggression and become subject to occupation or hybrid war. This has all started after the Second World War, when super powers of the USSR and China, on the one hand, and the United States, Great Britain, Australia, and others, on the other, have made Korea fall into two states. In addition, there was subsequently a division of Germany, the Caribbean crisis…However, such conflicts then were not that wide-ranging, since the post-war collective security system was quite effective. Things, though, have changed dramatically in recent decades. One of the largest global players − Russia – has decisively begun to create around itself a buffer zone formed of countries, where it fuels frozen conflicts and in such a way keeps them under the radar and hinders their integration into the Western world. Initially, Russia ignited a conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, supporting Armenia and assisting it to invade a considerable part of the territory in Azerbaijan, and then initiated the war in Transnistria by virtually occupying part of Moldova’s territory and asserting itself there on the pretext of deploying a peacekeeping mission. Later, there was a war in Abkhazia and then − in South Ossetia aiming to detach part of Georgia’s territory. And lastly, the turn of Ukraine has come… Regrettably, Ukraine is a typical and another example of a country that has fallen victim of multifaceted interests of the leading global players − Russia, the United States and the EU, and has faced all possible forms of discrimination. Keywords: war in eastern Ukraine, military aggression, geopolitics, conflicts, buffer zones.

scholarly journals Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Kuswanda ◽  
R. HAMDANI HARAHAP ◽  
HADI S. ALIKODRA ◽  
ROBERT SIBARANI
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Cash Compensation ◽  
Production Forests

Abstract. Kuswanda W, Harahap RH, Alikodra JS, Sibarani R. 2020. Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli orangutans in Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3398-3406. Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) has been threatened to extinction due to conflicts with humans. Information on the orangutan characteristics in conflict areas at the Batangtoru Landscape is needed. Our research aimed to analyze the characteristics of nests, nest trees, and estimation of orangutan populations in conservation forests and buffer zones to develop conflict mitigation strategies in the Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District. A line transect method was used to count orangutan nests on 49 transects, starting from June 2019 to January 2020. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, frequency tables, Spearman correlation (rho), and the equation by (van Schaick et al. 1995). Tapanuli orangutans make nests at the height of 14.01 meters (90% CI = 13.37-14.67 meters), and most use the main stem as nest support. Tree nests of 35 species (17 families) were identified, with the highest frequency in (Durio zibethinus Murray), especially in the buffer zone. Correlation between nest tree diameter, tree height, and canopy area was significant (p <0.01, n = 83). The estimated orangutan populations in conflict areas were 155 individuals (95% CI = 121-187), and the highest was found in Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve buffer zones. Mitigation strategy of human-orangutan conflict that needs to be realized is the non-cash compensation guaranteeing the community does not disturb orangutans on their land. The compensation forms can be the provision of seedlings and fertilizer for plants, agricultural machinery, knowledge to land management, and orangutan ecotourism development. Nest and feed trees enrichment can be carried out in production forests bordering with conservation area.

scholarly journals Vegetated Buffer Zone Restoration Planning in Small Urban Watersheds

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3000
Author(s):  
Yucong Duan ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Zhaoyang Li ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Yu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Restoration Planning

Vegetated buffer zones (VBZ) are accepted worldwide as a low impact method to avoid non-point source pollution and restore the balance of river ecosystems. Strongly influenced by industrialization and urbanization, urban river ecology is seriously damaged, and restoration is tricky. This study established a complete buffer zone construction framework suitable for the small urban watershed, and its feasibility is verified in a small watershed in Northern China. First, common plants in the study area were selected to test their ability to purify pollutants, and plant combinations were optimized. Secondly, according to the field investigation, the reference buffer zone was determined, and its sewage interception capacity was tested through a runoff simulation experiment. Then, based on GIS and Phillips time and hydraulic models, the normal buffer width of the study area was obtained; 60 m for mainstream and 40 m for tributaries. By optimizing the vegetation scheme and delimiting an efficient buffer zone, the land occupation can be reduced by 17%. Finally, combined with the characteristics of different river sections, an elaborate VBZ restoration scheme is designed from the aspects of vegetation, planning, and zoning. Generally, this research will provide government and land managers scientific and practical ideas and technologies to formulate a land management policy for urban river buffer zones in order to find a balance between aquatic ecological protection and urban land use planning and optimize the allocation of construction funds.

scholarly journals Distribution and abundance of baling twine in the landscape near Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nests: implications for nestling entanglement

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Seacor ◽  
Kayhan Ostovar ◽  
Marco Restani
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Pandion Haliaetus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Yellowstone River ◽  
Power Company ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
High Road

Polypropylene baling twine used by Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) during nest construction creates a risk of entanglement for nestlings and adults on the yellowstone River, Montana. In 2013, we evaluated the abundance of twine in 2-km-radius buffer zones centred on 38 nests for three categories of road density. We found more twine per kilometre along roads in low (n = 19) and moderate (n = 13) road density nest buffer zones than in high road density nest buffer zones (n = 6). The estimated total amount of twine found along roads in nest buffer zones ranged from 0 to 2602 m and did not differ among road density strata. The percentage of Osprey nests containing twine was highest in low (63.2%) and moderate (61.5%) road density nest buffer zones and lowest (33.3%) in high road density buffer zones, which reflected a gradient from rural and suburban to urban landscapes. The estimated total amount of twine within a nest buffer zone did not predict whether a nest contained twine. The amount of twine found in seven nests destroyed by wind or power company personnel ranged from 0 to 206 m and was not correlated with the amount of twine found in their buffer zones. During the 2012 and 2013 breeding seasons, four of 120 nestlings (3.3%) became entangled in twine: two were cut free and fledged normally, one died, and one was euthanized. The abundance of twine in the environment surrounding nests and its slow rate of biodegradation mean that vigilance by citizen scientist nest monitors and assistance from power companies are the only short-term solution to reducing mortality resulting from entanglement.

Observations on the dispersal of larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Can.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Strong Winds

Dispersal of the larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Can.) was studied in connection with problems of controlling and eradicating this pest and bovine babesiosis in New South Wales. Larval ticks were recovered by pressing flannelette-covered boards on to the pasture or litter surface, or sampling with cattle. Many of these larvae were capable of completing parasitic development.Strong winds were an important factor in determining the distance travelled, as the longest journeys in pasture were for the most part in the directions in which the larvae would have been carried by recorded strong winds. Much of the dispersal is accomplished when larvae are transferred from one grass blade to another moving in the wind, but a great number of airborne larvae were captured on tanglefoot-covered traps. Movement by wind was clearly demonstrated over short pasture, up to 100 ft and possibly as far as 260 ft from the point of hatching. In long grass one larva travelled 83 ft, but in scrub and forest the greatest distance travelled was 15 ft. Many larvae that travelled long distances were capable of completing development on cattle.Tick larvae could be transported by casual hosts and then dropped in a viable condition. A horse carried larvae for 900 ft, a rat and cockerels 100 ft, a magpie in flight 600 ft, and a pigeon in flight half a mile. A horse dipped six days earlier in ethion dropped live and viable larvae after transporting them 150 ft.Security has been improved against the movement of larvae from the Cattle Tick Research Station, Wollongbar, New South Wales, to neighbouring properties, and from Queensland into New South Wales, by widening existing buffer zones to 330 ft. Inspectoral staff are now required to spray themselves and their horses before re-entering New South Wales from the buffer zone.

scholarly journals Mowing Frequency and Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Dollar Spot Severity and on Duration of Dollar Spot Control by Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1433-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Putman ◽  
John E. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Connecticut

Management of dollar spot (incited by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) on golf course fairways is increasingly challenging. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of mowing frequency and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on dollar spot severity and on the residual efficacy of fungicides for control of dollar spot. Two 4-month-long studies were conducted on ‘Putter’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) maintained as a fairway at the University of Connecticut. Treatments were arranged in a three-by-three-by-five factorial that assessed the influence of mowing frequency (2, 4, or 6 days week–1) and PGRs (paclobutrazol, trinexapac-ethyl, or none) on dollar spot control by five fungicide treatments (boscalid, chlorothalonil, iprodione, propiconazole, or none). Turf was mowed in the afternoon hours to minimize the confounding effect of mowing frequency on leaf wetness duration. Treatments were initiated in the late spring of 2007 and 2008, and each fungicide treatment was reapplied only when dollar spot exceeded a threshold of five infection centers plot–1. In the absence of fungicides, dollar spot severity was reduced by 63 to 90% in plots treated with paclobutrazol and by 13 to 55% in plots treated with trinexapac-ethyl. Dollar spot severity was 23 to 50% lower in plots mown 2 days week–1 compared with those mown 6 days week–1. In cases where a significant interaction was observed between mowing frequency and PGRs, dollar spot was reduced on most rating dates in plots treated with trinexapacethyl that were mown 2 days week–1 compared with those mown 6 days week–1. Survival analysis of days until threshold was met revealed that duration of control of fungicides in plots receiving paclobutrazol were 28 to 84% longer compared with plots not receiving PGR. Duration of control by fungicides was generally similar between plots treated with trinexapac-ethyl and no PGR. In general, mowing frequency did not influence duration of control. Results from this study indicate that paclobutrazol could be used to increase the treatment interval of fungicides and that mowing frequency in the absence of dew is likely to have little influence on fungicide residual efficacy. When used without fungicides, PGRs and less frequent mowing may reduce dollar spot in situations where fungicide use is limited.

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