Sludge incineration tests on circulating fluidised bed furnace

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
V. Lotito ◽  
G. Mininni ◽  
A. C. Di Pinto ◽  
L. Spinosa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Copper Addition ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Organic Chlorine ◽  
Acidic Compounds ◽  
Circulating Fluidised Bed

Results of sludge incineration tests on a demonstrative fluidised bed furnace are reported and discussed. They show that particulate, heavy metals and acidic compounds in the emissions can be easily controlled both when sludge is spiked with chlorinated hydrocarbons up to a chlorine concentration in the feed of 5%, and when the afterburner is switched off. As for organic micropollutants, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were much lower than the Italian limits of 10 μg/m3 (no limits are at present considered in the European Directives). Dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) in some tests exceeded the limit of 0.1 ng/m3 (TE) but the concentrations in the fly ashes were much lower, thus evidencing a possible presence of contaminants in gas phase. PAHs and PCDD/PCDFs were not depending on the afterburning operation, the presence of organic chlorine in the feed sludge and the copper addition to sewage sludge.

Influence of organic chlorine on emissions from sludge incineration by a pilot fluidised bed furnace

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mininni ◽  
V. Lotito ◽  
L. Spinosa ◽  
E. Guerriero
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Afterburning Chamber ◽  
Organic Chlorine ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Circulating Fluidised Bed

To demonstrate that sewage sludge incineration could be a safe operation if well conducted and that hazardous compounds could also be disposed of without problems in sludge incinerators plants, a research program has been set up by the Italian Water Research Institute on a demonstrative scale plant where a completely circulating fluidised bed furnace and a rotary kiln furnace can operate alternatively. In this paper results of tests performed by a fluidised bed furnace on sewage sludge spiked with highly chlorinated compounds under different operating conditions are presented. A deep investigation on micropollutants formation has been made at different sampling points: before and after bag house filter, and at the chimney. The experimental data show that concentrations of PCDDs+PCDFs (TE) and of PAHs do not strictly depend on the operation of the afterburning chamber and that a complete compliance with the European and Italian standards on the emissions were always achieved even in the most critical conditions investigated.

Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash as a Source of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) To the Environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
S.R. Wild ◽  
D.J. Mitcheill ◽  
C.M. Yelland ◽  
K.C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Individual Compound ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator ◽  
Solid Waste Incinerator

Arrested fly ash samples from most currently operating municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators on the U.K. mainland have been analysed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ashes have a mean ΣPAH content of about 227 μg kg -1. This is generally lower than concentrations observed in U.K. surface soils. Benzo-[ ghi]perylene was the most abundant individual compound, and the most frequently detected. The ΣPAH content of ashes does not appear to be related to incinerator type, but rather it is likely that poor gas phase combustion favours higher PAH levels. The significance of PAHs in ash residues and their possible fate following disposal to landfill are discussed.

Multi-alkylated Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Tobacco Smoke: Separation and Identification

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Snook ◽  
R. F. Severson ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
H. C. Higman ◽  
O. T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractThe methyl, multi-methyl, and ethyl derivatives of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were isolated from the neutrals by silicic acid chromatography, solvent partitioning and gel chromatography. The procedure yielded a relatively pure PAH isolate amenable to further identifications. The multi-alkylated PAH were concentrated in the early gel fractions with parent and higher ring PAH found in subsequent gel fractions. It was shown that CSC is very rich in alkylated PAH, and their successful identification required extensive use of gas and liquid chromatography and ultra-violet and GC - mass spectrometric techniques. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separated individual isomers of the alkylated PAH in complex GC peaks. PAH from indene to pentamethylchrysene were found. This report concludes our identification studies on the PAH of CSC and complements our two previous reports in this journal. Collectively, our studies have identified approximately 1000 PAH of cigarette smoke condensate and have led to the development of methods for the routine quantitation of PAH in smalI quantities of cigarette smoke condensate.

Spectrophotometry Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hamilton Harbour Sediments

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Murphy ◽  
H. Brouwer ◽  
M.E. Fox ◽  
E. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hamilton Harbour

Abstract Eighty-one sediment cores were collected to determine the extent of coal tar contamination in a toxic area of Hamilton Harbour. Over 800 samples were analyzed by a UV spectrophotometric technique that was standardized with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The coal tar distribution was variable. The highest concentrations were near the Stelco outfalls and the Hamilton-Wentworth combined sewer outfalls. The total concentration of the 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 48,300 m3 of near-surface sediments exceeded 200 µg/g.

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