scholarly journals The anaerobic SBR process: basic principles for design and automation

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ruiz ◽  
M. Torrijos ◽  
P. Sousbie ◽  
J. Lebrato Martinez ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Purification Efficiency ◽  
Set Up

This study has determined the purification performance and the basic principles for the design of an anaerobic SBR (ASBR) to be used to treat wastewater generated in the food industries. Two ASBR's were set up and one fed with a slaughterhouse effluent at low concentration, the other with concentrated dairy wastewater. The maximum loading rate applied should not exceed 4.5 g of COD/L/day for the dilute effluent and 6 g of COD/L/day for the concentrated effluent. At higher loading rates, the reactors become difficult to operate, mainly because of sludge removal problems, and purification efficiency declines. A detailed study of the kinetics (TOC, VFA, rate of biogas production) throughout one treatment cycle led to the development of a simple control strategy based on the monitoring of the biogas production rate which was then applied to the reactor treating the dairy wastewater. After automation, the reactor worked free of problems at an average pollution load of 5.4 g of COD/L/day.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of an anaerobic hybrid reactor treating petrochemical effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
M.T. Jafarzadeh ◽  
N. Jamshidi ◽  
L. Talebiazar ◽  
R. Aslaniavali
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Petrochemical Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Study Performance

Organic loading rate (OLR), Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and up flow velocity are important parameters significantly affecting microbial ecology and characteristics of anaerobic reactors. In this study, Performance of an anaerobic hybrid reactor (UASB/Filter) at mesophilic condition was evaluated in a 15.4 L reactor receiving petrochemical wastewater. The temperature of influent was adjusted by an inline heat exchanger at around 35 ˚C. The reactor was seeded with flocculent sludge from a UASB plant treating dairy wastewater. The sludge was acclimatized to petrochemical wastewater in twostage operation. After 39 weeks, a COD reduction of 70.3% was obtained at OLR=2.0 kg m-3 d-1 and HRT=18 h. Under steady state conditions, experiments were conducted at OLRs of between 0.5 and 24 kg TCOD m-3 d-1 , hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 4-48 h and up flow velocities 0.021-0.25 m h-1. Removal efficiencies in the range of 42-86% were achieved at feed TCOD concentrations of 1000- 4000 mg L-1 . The biogas production data used for determination of biogas production kinetics. The values of Gmax and GB estimated as 11.173 LL-1d -1 and 85.83 g L-1d -1 , respectively.

scholarly journals The Concept of Wastes to Energy Using Sugary Wastes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Fiza Sarwar ◽  
Wajeeha Malik ◽  
Muhammad Salman Ahmed ◽  
Harja Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract: This study was designed using actual effluent from the sugary mills in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor to evaluate treatability performance. The reactor was started-up in step-wise loading rates beginning from 0.05kg carbon oxygen demand (COD)/m3-day to 3.50kg-COD/m3-day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly decreased from 96 hrs to eight hrs. It was observed that the removal efficiency of COD of more than 73% can be easily achieved at an HRT of more than 16 hours corresponding to an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0kg-COD/m3-day, at neutral pH and constant temperature of 29°C. The average VFAs (volatile fatty acids) and biogas production was observed as 560mg/L and 1.6L/g-CODrem-d, respectively. The average methane composition was estimated as 62%. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of sugar mills effluent with the anaerobic technology seems to be more reliable, effective and economical.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7075 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 57-62

scholarly journals Treatment of milk wastewater using up-flow anaerobic packed bed reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran D. Bhuyar ◽  
Sanvidhan G. Suke ◽  
S.D. Dawande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Low Costs

Abstract An up-flow anaerobic packed bed (UAPB) bioreactor has been designed on a laboratory-scale and used for treatment of domestic milk wastewater (MWW). The UAPB bioreactor was operated under mesophilic temperature (37-45°C) and reactor performance evaluated at various organic loading rates of MWW effluent at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 1, 2, and 3 d based on the removal of organic matter COD, BOD, SS, pH changes and biogas production. The kinetic parameters were estimated using the experimental data to develop a reactor model. Empirical relations were generated for the characteristics like COD, BOD, and SS using modeling equations. This study proved that the UAPB reactor performance is excellent for treating domestic MWW and easily biodegradable dairy wastewater influent. Hence, this system can operate at low costs, making it suited for use in the developing countries and rural areas.

Overcoming barriers to codigestion

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Parry ◽  
L. Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Loading Rates

Codigestion of organic waste with municipal wastewater sludge is growing rapidly. It has many benefits, including diversion of organic waste from landfills, increased renewable energy from biogas production, and potential for revenue from tipping fees. However, there are still barriers to greater widespread application of codigestion. Economics, need for collaboration between utilities, impacts on wastewater application, unsupportive regulations and risks to core wastewater treatment business are obstacles that slow wider adoption of codigestion throughout the world. The research presented analyzes the economic impacts of codigestion, predicts the additional biogas production, and determines the allowable organic loading rate and fats oils and grease (FOG) addition for stable digestion operation. The economic impacts were analyzed on a life cycle cost basis and presented in terms of required tipping fees for different organic wastes, electric rates and residuals handling costs. Standard biochemical methane potential tests were conducted to estimate biogas production from various organic wastes. The specific energy loading rate (SELR) was used to express the allowable organic loading rate. Results from the economic analysis showed that codigestion using existing digesters at a municipal water reclamation facility is more economical than building new digesters. Codigestion was more economical at facilities with high electricity costs and low cost of residuals. Tipping fees for receiving organic waste would be required to offset the net cost of codigestion for wastes other than FOG. There was a net positive economic benefit of receiving FOG without a tipping fee. The upper limit of FOG for stable digestion was found to be 60 percent of the feed by chemical oxygen demand (COD). Stable digestion can be achieved with an SELR of less than 0.25 kgCOD/day/kgVS. The SELR accounts for the strength or energy content of the organic feed measured in COD. It was observed and accounted for by the SELR that anaerobic digesters loaded at higher solids concentrations (resulting in greater inventory of microorganisms in the digesters) can be fed at higher loading rates. Insights into the economics of codigestion and allowable organic loading rates for high strength organic wastes help to overcome some of the barriers to widespread application of codigestion.

scholarly journals Kinetic and Enhancement of Biogas Production For The Purpose of Renewable Fuel Generation by Co-digestion of Cow Manure and Corn Straw in A Pilot Scale CSTR System

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabraeil Taghinazhad ◽  
Reza Abdi ◽  
Mehrdad Adl
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Cstr System

Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure (CM) and corn straw residue (CSR) were experimentally investigated using a completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) under semi- continuously feeding circumstance at mesophilic (35°C±2) temperature. The pilot-scale digester with 180 L in volume was employed under experimental protocol to examine the effect of the change in organic loading rate on efficiency of biogas production and to report on its steady-state performance. An average organic loading rates of 2 and 3 kg VS. (m-3.d-1) and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 25 days was examined with respect to two different CM to CSR mixing ratios of 100:0 , 75:25 and 50:50, respectively. The results showed both organic loading rates at co-digestion of CM+ CSR gave better methane yields than single digestion of cow manure. The biogas production efficiency was obtained 0.242, 0.204, 0.311 0.296, 259.5 and 235 m3.(kg VS input)-1 for 2 and 3 kg VS.(m-3.d-1) at CM to CSR mixing ratios of100:0 , 75:25 and 50:50, respectively. The reactor showed stable performance with VS reduction between 55-74% during different runs. With increment of loading rate, the VS degradation and biogas yield decreased. Modified Gompertz and logistic plot equation was employed to model the methane production at different organic loading rates and substrate concentrations. The equations gave a good approximation of the maximum methane production (rm) and the methane yield potential (P) with correlation coefficient (R2) over 0.99.Article History: Received Oct 25th 2016; Received in revised form Dec 19th 2016; Accepted 2nd January 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Taghinazhad. J., Abdi, R. and Adl, M. (2017). Kinetic and Enhancement of Biogas Production for the purpose of renewable fuel generation by Co-digestion of Cow Manure and Corn Straw in a Pilot Scale CSTR System. Int Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1),37-44http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ ijred.6.1.37-44   

Toward an operational dynamic model for tertiary nitrification by submerged biofiltration

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vigne ◽  
J.M. Choubert ◽  
J.P. Canler ◽  
A. Héduit ◽  
P. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Total Head ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Reduction Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up

This work deals with the methodology put in place to fit and validate the parameters of a biofiltration model (BAF) in tertiary nitrification treatment and dynamic conditions. For an average loading rate of 0.65 kg NH4-N/m3 media/d, different time loading rates are applied inside a filtration-backwash run using a semi-industrial pilot. Comparisons between predicted and observed values on the NH4-N, NO3-N and TSS in treated water and the total head loss ΔP are carried out firstly using default values of BAF parameters. Model predictions overestimate values measured but trends are well reproduced. A sensitivity analysis is carried out and the hierarchy of BAF parameters has been set up classifying them into strong and low influence on the effluent concentrations. Among parameters revealing the strongest influence are those of the filtration module and the mean density of biofilm for the TSS effluent and the total ΔP, the specific autotrophic growth rate, the maximum biofilm thickness and the reduction coefficient of diffusivity in the biofilm for the NH4-N, NO3-N effluent. Finally, this classification leads to setting a calibration procedure, thanks to specific experimental tests directly measuring some BAF parameters.

scholarly journals Anaerobic technology for treatment of concentrated wastewater from estonian food industries

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
H. Mölder ◽  
V. Blonskaya
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
P Value ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Anaerobic wastewater treatment technologies are used throughout the world for effective treatment of a wide variety of industrial wastewater, in particular for the wastewater from the food industry. This type of wastewater is rich in easily biodegradable carbohydrates and has a relatively low content in suspended solids. As an example, the anaerobic bio-degradation of organic matter in wastewater (cheese whey ) was studied on a laboratory - scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB). This wastewater was found characterized by high COD concentration, from 58.000 to 72.000 mg/L. The digester efficiency duringthe treatment process of cheese wastewater at various organic loading rates (0.5 -16 kg COD/m3 • day ) was studied and its performance was assessed by monitoring the p value ( 6.8 -7.3 ) and biogas production ( up to 24 L /day ). The investigation has demonstrated that the process of anaerobic degradation wassufficiently effective for COD removal.

scholarly journals Optimization of Biogas Production from Dairy Wastewater using Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF) Reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469-1472
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency

The present study explores the feasibility of biogas production from dairy wastewater in the UAF reactor with simultaneous wastewater treatment. The study was carried out at different hydraulic retention times (8h, 12h, 16h, 24h). Two different media such as pebble stone media and aggregate media were used as the packed media. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 91.55 % is achieved at the hydraulic retention time of 24 Hours with an organic loading rate of 1.35 kg/m3 /d for aggregate media, whereas for pebble stone media a maximum COD removal efficiency of 76.32 % is achieved. Before the start of the experiments, the COD/BOD ratio is fixed to 1.4 with initial COD and BOD of 1350 mg/L and 960 mg/L. So, from the results it is concluded that the Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF) Reactor can be used as a one of the best treatment methods for the diary wastewater treatment.

Applications of Multiple Objective Genetic Algorithms in the Optimization Design of Tracked Self-Moving Power’s Layout

2013 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Hai Jin ◽  
Jin Fa Xie
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Design ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Layout Optimization ◽  
Multiple Objective ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Layout Problem ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Set Up

A multi-objective genetic algorithm is applied into the layout optimization of tracked self-moving power. The layout optimization mathematical model was set up. Then introduced the basic principles of NSGA-Ⅱ, which is a Pareto multi-objective optimization algorithm. Finally, NSGA-Ⅱwas presented to solve the layout problem. The algorithm was proved to be effective by some practical examples. The results showed that the algorithm can spread toward the whole Pareto front, and provide many reasonable solutions once for all.

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