The SHARON®-Anammox® process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. van Dongen ◽  
M. S.M. Jetten ◽  
M. C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Sharon Process ◽  
Mixed Community

The treatment of ammonium rich wastewater, like sludge digester effluent, can be significantly improved when new biotechnological processes are introduced. In this paper, the combination of a partial nitrification process (SHARON®) and anoxic ammonium oxidation (Anammox®) process for the treatment of ammonia rich influents is evaluated. Herein the combined process has been studied with sludge recycle liquor from the WWTP Rotterdam-Dokhaven. The SHARON process was operated stably for more than 2 years in a 10 l CSTR under continuous aeration with a HRT of 1 day. The ammonia in the sludge liquor was converted by 53% to nitrite only. During the test period no formation of nitrate was observed. The effluent of the SHARON process was ideally suited as influent for the Anammox reactor. The Anammox process was operated as a granular sludge SBR-process. More than 80% of the ammonia was converted into dinitrogen gas at a load of 1.2 kgN/m3 per day. Planctomycete-like bacteria dominated the mixed community of the Anammox reactor, and only a small percentage of the population consisted of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. This showed that the ammonium-oxidizers in the effluent of the SHARON process did not accumulate in the SBR. The test period showed that the combined SHARON-Anammox system can work stably over long periods and the process is ready for full-scale implementation.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrite and nitrate on sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Rayan M. A. Madani ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Effective Volume ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Cycle Growth ◽  
Functional Bacteria ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Denitrification Process

Abstract The effects of nitrite and nitrate on the integration of ammonium oxidization and sulfate reduction were investigated in a self-designed reactor with an effective volume of 5 L. An experimental study indicated that the ammonium oxidization and sulfate reduction efficiencies were increased in the presence of nitrite and nitrate. Studies showed that a decreasing proportion of N/S in the presence of NO2− at 30 mg·L−1 would lead to high removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and SO42–-S of up to 78.13% and 46.72%, respectively. On the other hand, NO3− was produced at approximately 26.89 mg·L−1. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae were detected in the anaerobic cycle growth reactor. Proteobacteria was identified as the dominant functional bacteria removing nitrogen in the reactor. The nitritation reaction could promote the sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO) process. NH4+ was converted to NO2 and other intermediates, for which the electron acceptor was SO42−. These results showed that nitrogen was converted by the nitrification process, the denitrification process, and the traditional anammox process simultaneously with the SRAO process. The sulfur-based autotrophic denitration and denitrification in the reactor were caused by the influent nitrite and nitrate.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sulfate on Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in a Sequencing Batch Reactor

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3004
Author(s):  
Dominika Grubba ◽  
Joanna Majtacz
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Anammox Process

Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a more comprehensive metabolism than expected - there may be other electron acceptors that oxidize ammonium nitrogen under anaerobic conditions, in addition to the well-known nitrite nitrogen, one of which is sulfate in the sulfammox process. Sulfate-containing compounds are part of the medium for the anammox process, but their concentrations are not particularly high (0.2 g MgSO4 ∙ 7H2O/dm3 and 0.00625 g FeSO4/dm3). They can react to some extent with influent ammonium nitrogen. In this work, tests were carried out in two sequencing batch reactors with granular sludge. The first reactor (R1) operated in a 6 h cycle, and the concentration of the inflowing sulfate was kept at 44 mg/dm3∙d. The second reactor (R2) was operated until the 36th day in a 6 h cycle; the influencing concentration was 180 mg SO42−/dm3∙d from the 37th to 64th day in a 3 h cycle, with an influencing concentration of 360 mg SO42−/dm3∙d; and from the 65th to 90th day, the reactor was operated again in a 6 h cycle with an influencing concentration of 180 mg SO42−/dm3∙d. Along with the increased share of sulfate, both the ammonium utilization rate and specific anammox activity showed an increasing trend. As soon as the sulfate dosage was reduced, the ammonium utilization rate and specific anammox activity values dropped. Therefore, it can be concluded that sulfate-containing compounds contribute to the efficiency and rate of the anammox process.

scholarly journals Domestic Sewage Treatment Using a One-Stage ANAMMOX Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wei ◽  
Yue Jin ◽  
Wenjie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Anammox Process

A one-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor can be quickly started within 40 days by mixing partial nitrifying sludge with ANAMMOX granular sludge with an average temperature of 30 °C. After 70 days of nitrogen load acclimation, Acinetobacter, including Candidatus Kuenenia, became the dominant strain of the system within the reactor, which exhibited high efficiency and a stable nitrogen removal performance. At an influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N content, total nitrogen (TN) content, hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature, and reactor dissolved oxygen (DO) content of 100, 60, and 70 mg/L, 6 h, 30 ± 1 °C, and below 0.6 mg/L, respectively, the one-stage ANAMMOX reactor could effectively treat domestic sewage on campus. The removal rates of COD, NH4+-N, and TN were approximately 89%, 96.7%, and 70%, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of inocula and n-removal performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (annamox) for the treatment of "old" landfill leachates

2007 ◽  
pp. 489-499
Author(s):  
He Yan ◽  
Zhou Gongming ◽  
Zhao Youcai ◽  
Feng Guoguang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Three kinds of seeding sludge, i,e, conventional activated sludge, anaerobic granularsludge and the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor treating agedleachates were evaluated in batch mode to screen the optimized inoculum for the rapidstart-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The feasibility of the ANAMMOX process for thetreatment of aged leachates was also investigated in a modified upflow anaerobic sludgeblanket (UASB, 0,05 m\ The batch experiments revealed that the nitrifying activatedsludge from the nitritation reactor could respectively achieve the NRR (nitrogenremoval rate) of 0,0365 kg N/(m3,d) and the ARR (ammonium removal rate) of 0,013kg N/(m3.d) on day 12, which were greatly higher than those of the other two testedsludge samples, The mixture of the aforementioned nitrifying activated sludge andanaerobic granular sludge was established as an effective inoculum for the prompt startup of ANAMMOX reactor. The maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 0,826 kgN/(m3,d) could be obtained for the treatment of "old" leachates under NLR (nitrogenloading rate) of 1.028 kg N/(m3.d), It is concluded that the N-removal performance ofANAMMOX process is still to be improved for actual engineering application to agedlandfill leachates,

scholarly journals Optimization and Modelling of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal by ANAMMOX Process Using Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Jalilzadeh ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Alireza Mesdaghinia ◽  
Aliakbar Azimi ◽  
Simin Nasseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

A systematic model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal using the ANAMMOX (Anaerobic AMMonium OXidation) process was provided based on an experimental design. At first, the experimental data was collected from a combined biological aerobic/anaerobic reactor. For modelling and optimization of COD removal, the main parameters were considered, such as COD loading, ammonium, pH, and temperature. From the models, the optimum conditions were determined as COD 97.5 mg/L, ammonium concentration equal to 28.75 mg-N/L, pH 7.72, and temperature 31.3°C. Finally, the analysis of the optimum conditions, performed by the response surface method, predicted COD removal efficiency of 81.07% at the optimum condition.

scholarly journals Anammox biofilm process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Puti Sri Komala ◽  
Arief Almi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anammox Process

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm process commonly uses various inorganic carriers to enhance nitrogen removal under anaerobic conditions. This study aims to analyze the performance of nitrogen removal in anammox process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier. The experiment was carried out by using an up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for treating artificial wastewater at room temperature. The reactor was fed with ammonium and nitrite with the concentrations of 70‐150 mg–N/L and variations in the hydraulic retention time of 24 and 12 h. The granular anammox belongs to the genus Candidatus Brocadia sinica that was added as an inoculum of the reactor operation. The experimental stoichiometric of anammox for ΔNO2‐–N: ΔNH4+–N and ΔNO3‐: ΔNH4+ were 1.24 and 0.18, respectively, which is similar to anammox stoichiometry. The maximum Nitrogen Removal Rate (NRR) has achieved 0.29 kg–N/m3.d at Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) 0.6 kg–N/m3.d. The highest ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) were 88% and 85%, respectively. Based on this results, it indicated that sugarcane bagasse as organic carriers could increase the amount of total nitrogen removal by provided of denitrification process but inhibited the anammox process at a certain COD concentration.

High nitrogen removal rate using ANAMMOX process at short hydraulic retention time

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 968-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Casagrande ◽  
A. Kunz ◽  
M. C. De Prá ◽  
C. R. Bressan ◽  
H. M. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Column Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anammox Process

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is a chemolithoautotrophic process, which converts NH4+ to N2 using nitrite (NO2−) as the electron acceptor. This process has very high nitrogen removal rates (NRRs) and is an alternative to classical nitrification/denitrification wastewater treatment. In the present work, a strategy for nitrogen removal using ANAMMOX process was tested evaluating their performance when submitted to high loading rates and very short hydraulic retention times (HRTs). An up-flow ANAMMOX column reactor was inoculated with 30% biomass (v v−1) fed from 100 to 200 mg L−1 of total N (NO2−-N + NH4+-N) at 35 °C. After start-up and process stability the maximum NRR in the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was 18.3 g-N L−1 d−1 operated at 0.2 h of HRT. FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis and process stoichiometry confirmed that ANAMMOX was the prevalent process for nitrogen removal during the experiments. The results point out that high NRRs can be obtained at very short HRTs using up-flow ANAMMOX column reactor configuration.

Full-scale granular sludge Anammox process

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Abma ◽  
C.E. Schultz ◽  
J.W. Mulder ◽  
W.R.L. van der Star ◽  
M. Strous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
High Density ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Anammox Granular Sludge

The start-up of the first full scale Anammox reactor is complete. The reactor shows stable operation, even at loading rates of 10 kg N/m3.d. This performance is the result of the formation of Anammox granules, which have a high density and settling velocities exceeding 100 m/h. With this performance, the Anammox granular sludge technology has been proven on full scale.

scholarly journals Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for short start-up of the anammox process: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (30) ◽  
pp. 13958-13978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumtazah Ibrahim ◽  
Norjan Yusof ◽  
Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process
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