Groundwater quality monitoring

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Belgiorno ◽  
R.M.A. Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Quality Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

The paper describes results of monitoring activities of groundwater in a rural area carried out to verify the impact on water quality in an uncontaminated area resulting from the initiation of an atmospheric pollution source. Significant emissions of nitrogen oxides from the pollution source resulted in particular attention to verifying the increase of nitrate concentrations in monitored water. Over 10,000 analytical tests including several chemical parameters were conducted in the full monitoring period. In the paper, a first reading of data, graphical trends and non-parametric statistical analysis are presented. Measured values for nitrates, nitrites, hardness, alkalinity and pH showed poor variability during the entire period. Checked parameters were in the usual ranges of uncontaminated rural areas and comparisons between meaningful values of the periods ante operam and post operam do not show any degradation of water quality following the atmospheric pollution source activity. Nitrites are occasionally found in some spring water due to organic pollution, confirmed by the randomness with which their presence was detected.

The impact of investment on drinking water quality in rural China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Ai Yue ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Renfu Luo ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Natalie Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Although access to safe drinking water is one of the most important health-related infrastructure programs in the world, drinking water remains a large problem in China today, especially in rural areas. Despite increased government investment in water resource protection and management, there is still an absence of academic studies that are able to document what path the investment has taken and whether it has had any tangible impact. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of drinking water investment on drinking water in China. Design/methodology/approach The authors make use of nationally representative data from 2005 and 2012 to measure the impact of drinking water investment among 2,028 rural households in 101 villages across five provinces. Both ordinary least squares regression and probit regression are used to analyze the correlates and the impact of drinking water investment. Findings The authors demonstrate that water quality was likely a significant problem in 2004 but that China’s investment into drinking water appears to have resulted in initial improvements during the study period. The authors show that the most significant change came about in terms of hardware: villages that received more drinking water investment now have more piped tap water and more access to water treatment infrastructure (disinfecting and filtering facilities). High rates of rural resident satisfaction with drinking water suggest the effects of drinking water investment are being felt at the village level. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study on drinking water investment over time in rural China using nationally representative data.

A Community Facilitation Model for E-Government

2007 ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
Kyle B. Murray ◽  
Cory A. Habulin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Impact

This chapter introduces a community facilitation model for e-government. The central tenet of this approach is the empowerment of a segment of the population to act, by providing the tools and information necessary to tackle issues that have been difficult to address with traditional approaches to government. Under this model, government provides an initial spark and then plays a supporting role in the growth of the community. By doing so, the costs of the program are minimized while the impact of the program is maximized. We examine the viability of the model by looking at a case study in water quality monitoring. The case illustrates the power of a government facilitated community of action to address an important problem, and it suggests that such a model can be applied globally and may be relevant to government initiatives beyond water monitoring.

Quantifying the impact of human activities on water quality based on spatialization of social data: a case study of the Pingzhai Reservoir Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongrong Zhang ◽  
Zhongfa Zhou ◽  
Haotian Zhang ◽  
Yusheng Dan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Reservoir Basin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In water pollution source research, it is difficult to quantify the impact of human activities on water quality. Based on pollution load theory and the concept of spatialization of social data, this study integrates land-use type, slope gradient, and spatial position, and uses the contribution of human activities to quantify the impact of farmland fertilizers, livestock and poultry wastes, and human domestic pollution on water quality in the study area. The results show that livestock manure is the largest source of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) discharges in the research area, and domestic pollution is the largest source of chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharges. The total equal standard pollution load (as well as the load of each pollution source and its pollutant amount) is the highest in the Nayong River Basin and the lowest in the Baishui River Basin. The contributions of human activities to TP and TN have similar spatial distributions. The impact of human activities on COD discharge is minimal. The quantitative results of this model are basically consistent with the actual conditions in the Pingzhai Reservoir Basin, which suggests that the model reasonably reflects the impact of human activities on the water environment of the basin.

Integrating river basin management and the coastal zone: the (blue) Danube and the (black) Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Č Maksimović ◽  
C.K. Makropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
The Impact

In order to effectively manage the wide variety of physical, chemical biological and ecological processes in a sensitive coastal environment such as the Black Sea, current environmental management objectives are no longer sufficient: a new management approach has to address the intimate functional linkage between the river basin and the costal environment. Current water quality legislation requires compliance to emission levels based on the chemical analysis of water samples taken at discharge points, such as treatment plants discharging into rivers. While such measures provide a relative indication of the water quality at the point of discharge, they fail to describe accurately and sufficiently the quality of the water received from the watershed or basin. As water flows through the catchment, rainfall run-off from urban and agricultural areas carries sediments, pesticides, and other chemicals into river systems, which lead to coastal waters. The impact of the Kosovo crisis on the Danube ecosystems provides a poignant example of the effects of such diffused pollution mechanisms and reveals a number of interesting pollution mechanisms. This paper discusses both the effects of diffused pollution on the Black Sea, drawing from state-of-the-art reports on the Danube, and proposes a framework for a decision support system based on distributed hydrological and pollution transport simulation models and GIS. The use of ecological health indicators and fuzzy inference supporting decisions on regional planning within this framework is also advocated. It is also argued that even the recently produced GEF document on Black Sea protection scenarios should benefit significantly if the concept of pollution reduction from both urban, industrial and rural areas should undergo a systematic conceptual update in the view of the recent recommendations of the UNEP IETC (2000) document.

scholarly journals Assessment of The Impacts of Trout Farming on Water Quality Using Macro Invertebrates as Bio- Indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Anuradha Rai ◽  
Archana Niraula ◽  
Payaswini Ghimire ◽  
Aastha Pandey ◽  
Anu Gurung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Multiple Site ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Invertebrate Assemblages ◽  
Trout Farms ◽  
The Impact

The study was conducted to assess the impacts of trout farming on water quality using macro invertebrates as bio-indicators. Two trout farms were selected for the study, viz., Gandaki Trout Farm (GTF) in Kaski district and Fall & Trout Fish Farm (FTF) in Nuwakot district. Reference and impacted sites were selected in each trout farms from where macro invertebrates were collected and physico-chemical parameters were measured. Sorensen’s Index and Multiple Site Similarity Index were calculated to compare the macro-invertebrate assemblages between the impact and the reference sites. Water quality classes were also calculated using macro invertebrate-based tool, NEPBIOS/ASPT scores. Altogether 24 families of macro invertebrates were observed at GTF and 12 families at FTF. The Sorensen’s Similarity Index was greater than 0.5 between reference and impacted sites at GTF; whereas it was only 0.28 at FTF indicating comparatively low level of similarity. In addition, Multiple Site Similarity Index (0.64) at GTF also indicated high similarity between the macro invertebrate assemblages. Reference sites showed higher scores with higher diversity of macro invertebrates. Both farms had suitable water quality for trout (dissolved oxygen and temperature) and most of the physico-chemical parameters did not show significant differences except pH and turbidity at GTF probably due to small scale operation and production. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 175-182

scholarly journals A study of the quality and hygienic conditions of spring water in Mongolia

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altanzagas Badrakh ◽  
Tsolmon Chultemdorji ◽  
Robert Hagan ◽  
Salik Govind ◽  
Tsevegdorj Tserendorj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

An assessment on quality and hygienic conditions of spring water was undertaken in Mongolia in 2004 with financial and technical support from the World Health Organization through AGFUND. Methodology: A total of 127 springs, 99 from rural areas and 28 from Ulaanbaatar city were included in the study. The study included hygienic conditions, physical, microbiological and chemical parameters of springs. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the quality of springs were classified into five degrees of contamination. Results: The majority of springs studied and especially in UB city and the Central region had poor hygienic conditions such as low flow rate, turbidity or pollution sources in the vicinity of springs. 78% of the total studied springs did not have any protection or upgrade and 22% have only wooden, iron and stone fences. The water quality parameters such as hardness, total dissolved solids, oxygen demand, nitrogenous compounds, total microbial count, Escherichia coli were also significantly higher in springs located in UB city, the Central region and the East region. 47.6% of all studied aimag's (countryside) spring water were significantly polluted by more than three parameters especially E. coli, ammonia, oxygen demand, which indicated a recent contamination by human and animal excreta in water. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the majority of springs in peri urban areas close to UB city and the Central region had poor hygienic conditions. Different levels of contamination using both microbiological and chemical tests were found in studied springs. It is recommended that regular assessment of spring water quality be undertaken to create awareness among communities and local authorities for further protection and upgrading of spring water sources.

scholarly journals Water Quality in Šlapanka River Catchment: Model Situation of Rural Areas of Czechia

Geografie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bohumír Janský ◽  
Petra Judová
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Model Situation ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Catchment Model

This article evaluates water quality of the river Šlapanka, which runs through a typical landscape of Českomoravská vrchovina. It deals with water quality at present and with its long-term development (since 1976). A significant part of the article consists of evaluation of pollution sources (agriculture, industry, population). The type of pollution sources is distinguished by dependence analysis of concentration of substances on flows and in different seasons. At the end of the article there are measures suggested to reduce the impact of pollution sources.

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