Integration of wastewater and OFMSW treatment cycles: from the pilot scale experiment to the industrial realisation – the new full scale plant of Treviso (Italy)

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavan ◽  
P. Battistoni ◽  
D. Bolzonella ◽  
L. Innocenti ◽  
P. Traverso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Pure Methanol

The paper presents the results from experiments on pilot scale plants concerning the possibility to integrate the organic waste and wastewater treatment cycles, using the light organic fraction produced via anaerobic fermentation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as a readily biodegradable organic carbon source for biological nutrient removal processes: the addition of the effluent from the fermentation unit as an external carbon source allows nitrogen and phosphorus removal of about 70–80% and the values of the effluent are in accordance with EC 271/91 Directive discharge limits. Maximal denitrification rate with fermenter effluent addition shows values close to those typical of pure methanol addition (0.3 kg N–NO3/kg VSS d) and double those obtained by primary settled sludges elutriate addition (0.14 kg N–NO3/kg VSS d). A full scale application of the approach (70,000 IPE), operating since July 1999 in northern Italy, is presented and an ASM 2 simulation is used to verify the behaviour of the whole real process.

Effect of addition of anaerobic fermented OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) on biological nutrient removal (BNR) process: preliminary results

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavan ◽  
P. Battistoni ◽  
P. Traverso ◽  
A. Musacco ◽  
F. Cecchi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
P Release ◽  
Pure Methanol ◽  
P Removal

The paper presents results coming from experiments on pilot scale plants about the possibility to integrate the organic waste and wastewater treatment cycles, using the light organic fraction produced via anaerobic fermentation of OFMSW as RBCOD source for BNR processes. The effluent from the anaerobic fermentation process, with an average content of 20 g/l of VFA+ lactic acid was added to wastewater to be treated in order to increase RBCOD content of about 60-70 mg/l. The results obtained in the BNR process through the addition of the effluent from the fermentation unit are presented. Significant increase of denitrification rate was obtained: 0.06 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d were denitrified in the best operative conditions studied. -Vmax shows values close to those typical of the pure methanol addition (about 0.3 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d). A considerable P release (35%) was observed in the anaerobic step of the BNR process, even if not yet a completely developed P removal process.

Improvment of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the anaerobic-oxic-anoxic-OXIC (AOAO) process by stepwise feeding

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Y. Chang ◽  
C.F. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
P Removal

This investigation incorporated a stepwise feeding strategy into the biological process containing anaerobic/oxide/anoxic/oxide (AOAO) stages to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies. Synthetic wastewater was fed into the experimental reactors during the anaerobic and anoxic stages and the substrates/nutrients were successfully consumed without recycling either nitrified effluent or external carbon source. An intrinsic sufficient carbon source developed during the anoxic stage and caused the NOx (NO2-N+NO3-N) concentration to be reduced from 11.85mg/l to 5.65mg/l. The total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal rate was between 81.81%∼93.96% and the PO4-P removal ratio ranged from 93%∼100%. The substrate fed into the anaerobic with a Q1 flow rate and a Q2 into the anoxic reactor. The three difference experiments contained within this study produced Q1/Q2 that varied from 7/3, 8/2, and 9/1. The AOAO process saved nearly one-third of the energy compared with typical biological nutrient removal (BNR) system A2O processes.

Retrofitting conventional primary clarifiers to activated primary clarifiers to enhance nutrient removal and energy conservation in WWTPs in Beijing, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1446-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-wei Wang ◽  
Tian-zhu Zhang ◽  
Ji-ning Chen ◽  
Zhi-rong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Test System ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Primary Sludge

Biological nutrient removal requires sufficient carbon source. Meanwhile, the removal of organic matter in wastewater requires energy consumption in the aeration tank. Carbon source for nutrient removal in most wastewater treatment plants with conventional primary clarifier (CPC) is generally insufficient in China. In order to increase carbon source and to save energy, a part of the CPC may be retrofitted as an activated primary clarifier (APC). In this paper, a pilot scale experiment was conducted to examine the performance of primary sludge fermentation and its effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Results show that the primary sludge fermentation in APC has produced a similar VFA/TP ratio but a higher BOD5/TN ratio compared with those in the CPC effluent, and the TN concentrations in the secondary effluent are at 8.0, 10.8, and 17.4 mg/L, while TP is at 0.45, 1.10, and 2.28 mg/L when the pilot test system was fed with (1) the APC effluent, (2) 50% from the APC effluent and 50% from the CPC effluent, and (3) the CPC effluent, respectively. Results also indicate that the BOD5/TN ratio is a more sensitive factor than the VFA/TP ratio for nutrient removal and energy conservation for the APC fermentation.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid waste and Septage for Sustainable Waste Treatment: A Case Study from Goa, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ravikiran Shet ◽  
Srikanth Mutnuri
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Set Up

India generates 0.15 million metric tons (MT) of solid waste per day out of which more than 80% is organic fraction. Apart from this, 38% of the households use septic tanks where proper disposal of faecal sludge is also need of the hour. Anaerobic co-digestion (ACD) of two different substrates has positive potential towards solving this problem. In the present study, ACD of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and septage solids (SS) was studied at three different levels, i.e., lab-scale, pilot-scale (1 m3), and full scale- capacity (325 m3). A loading rate of 1.5 kg VS/m3 was selected. The bio-methanation potential (BMP) assay showed a maximum biogas generation, i.e., 120±20.6 mL/gmVS with 68% maximum methane concentration at a 5:1 OFMSW and SS ratio. Cumulative biogas production after 30 days was 1.6 L/gmVS. The ultimate biogas production in the pilot-scale plant was 1000±100.5 L/day with 71% methane. The plant was also efficient in removing 87% of COD and 61% of VS. The full-scale anaerobic digester was set up at Mormugao Municpal Council, Goa India wherein the objective was to co-digest OFMSW and SS. This digester showed a similar removal pattern like earlier studies i.e., 94% and 45% COD and VS removal, respectively. The average methane content of the biogas was 68%. Full-scale operation of the anaerobic digester did not show any operational problems at the chosen co-digestion conditions.

Simultaneous removal of organic and strong nitrogen from sewage in a pilot-scale BNR process supplemented with food waste

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Chae ◽  
S.H. Lee ◽  
J.O. Kim ◽  
B.C. Paik ◽  
Y.C. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

As the sewerage system is incomplete, sewage in Korea lacks easily biodegradable organics for nutrient removal. In this country, about 11,400 tons of food waste of high organic materials is produced daily. Therefore, the potential of food waste as an external carbon source was examined in a pilot-scale BNR (biological nutrient removal) process for a half year. It was found that as the supply of the external carbon increased, the average removal efficiencies of T-N (total nitrogen) and T-P (total phosphorus) increased from 53% and 55% to 97% and 93%, respectively. VFAs (volatile fatty acids) concentration of the external carbon source strongly affected denitrification efficiency and EBPR (enhanced biological phosphorus removal) activity. Biological phosphorus removal was increased to 93% when T-N removal efficiency increased from 78% to 97%. In this study, several kinds of PHAs (poly-hydroxyalkanoates) in cells were observed. The observed PHAs was composed of 37% 3HB (poly-3- hydroxybutyrate), 47% 3HV (poly-3-hydroxyvalerate), 9% 3HH (poly-3-hydroxyhexanoate), 5% 3HO (poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate), and 2% 3HD (poly-3-hydroxydecanoate).

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigation of an Installed Pilot-Scale Biological Nutrient Removal Technology (BNRT) for Sewage Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 12002
Author(s):  
Regina Damalerio ◽  
Aileen Orbecido ◽  
Michael Angelo Promentilla ◽  
Ramon Christian Eusebio ◽  
Liza Patacsil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
New Treatment

Water utilities, commercial and industrial establishments are required to upgrade or install new treatment systems to comply with the revised effluent standards issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environment Management Bureau (DENR – EMB) which now includes removal and monitoring of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus components). One solution is to utilize a biological nutrient removal technology (BNRT) system capable of removing nutrients from sewage. The on-going study aims to investigate the performance of the pilot-scale system in the removal of nutrients from sewage. The designed pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process with a total hydraulic retention time of 8.37 hrs. was operated in an existing sewage treatment plant (STP). System modification was adapted to ensure continuous operation. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature of each compartment were evaluated after 45 days of system modification. The DO of the anaerobic and oxic compartment remained within the required range, while the internal recycling flowrate and/or aeration must be adjusted to achieve a DO concentration of 0.20 – 0.50 mg/L in the anoxic compartment. The research is financially supported by the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (PCIEERD Project No. 04176).

Анализ данных натурных экспериментов пешеходного движения в прямом коридоре и их применение для тестирования программ на примере ПО «Сигма ПБ»

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kirik ◽  
Tat’yana Vitova
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Good Agreement

В статье представлен анализ видеозаписи натурного эксперимента пешеходного движения в прямом коридоре, целью которого было определение исходных данных (начальное расположение людей, скорость движения, скорость свободного движения) для дальнейшего использования при тестировании компьютерных программ, моделирующих движение людей (эвакуацию). Полученные данные были применены для тестирования ПО «Сигма ПБ». Представлены результаты, которые демонстрируют хорошее согласование результатов вычислительного эксперимента с данными натурного эксперимента в случае согласованности исходных данных: отклонения не превышают 6,5 %, все полученные оценки времени эвакуации являются верхними.A detailed analysis of the videos with full-scale pedestrian movement experiments in a straight corridor was carried out and presented in the article. Each test was conducted once. To analyze videos there was applied the method of studying the movement of selected people or groups. This analysis made it possible to evaluate such an important characteristic of pedestrian traffic as unimpeded speed (or free movement velocity). For testing purposes it is very important to have the closest initial data in real and simulation experiments. The closer the conditions of the computational experiment to the natural one, the more residuals obtained can be regarded as a measure of the simulation quality. Otherwise, incomparable values are compared, and the analysis of deviations does not make sense. “Fast” tests are especially sensitive to the initial data when the process is observed in a transitional stage. Just “fast” tests are sensitive to the method of measuring the time of the experiment. The data obtained allowed to conduct computational experiments in the most approximate conditions (initial positions of people, the unimpeded speed) in real experiments with a straight corridor. The software “Sigma PB” was tested. Comparison of simulation results with the data of full-scale experiment shows good agreement of evacuation times, and divergence is no more than 6,5 %. Moreover, all residuals are negative (table 3). It means that the model is “slower” than the real process, that is, the Sigma PB software delivers upper estimates of evacuation time.

The effect of chemical bulking control on biological nutrient removal in a full scale activated sludge plant

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Saayman ◽  
C. F. Schutte ◽  
J. van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
City Council ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
The City

The use of chemicals for sludge bulking control has a direct effect on the biological nutrient removal processes in activated sludge systems designed for this purpose. Chlorine has been used on full scale but information on the use of ozone and hydrogen peroxide is limited to pilot scale tests. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chlorine, ozone and hydrogen peroxide on nutrient removal processes when used on a continuous basis for bulking control in a full scale biological nutrient removal activated sludge plant. The full scale studies were conducted over a period of 39 months at the Daspoort sewage works of the City Council of Pretoria. The results indicate that at low dosages the oxidants have limited effects on the nutrient removal processes but at higher levels chlorine had a detrimental effect resulting in the phosphate limit of 1 mg P.1−1 being exceeded. It is concluded that chlorine is the most effective of the three oxidants for bulking control, but that it should be used with caution in order not to upset the biological phosphate removal processes. Ozone at low levels had a small but consistent positive effect on bulking control as well as on nutrient removal. The effects of hydrogen peroxide were very small except at high dosages.

Evaluation of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for biological nutrient removal from simulated wastewater containing glucose as carbon source

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Manoj Kumar ◽  
S. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Seed Culture ◽  
Suspended Biomass

In general, conventional activated sludge (ASP) or enhanced biological phosphorus removing (EBPR) sludge has been used as seed culture for developing EBPR sludge and the time reported for development varies from months to year. In the present study cow-dung has been used as seed culture and EBPR sludge was developed within 36 days. The developed EBPR sludge has been used to evaluate the performance of sequential batch reactor (SBR) and sequential batch biofilm reactors (SBBR) for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from synthetic wastewater containing glucose as carbon source. Three reactors were operated, SBR-1 containing only suspended biomass, SBBR-2 and SBBR-3 containing 5% and 10% polyurethane foam (PUF) media respectively along with suspended biomass. In all the reactors phosphorus removal was nearly the same and was more than 80%. In all the three reactors greater than 90% nitrification was achieved. Nitrogen removal in SBR-1 was 48% and in SBBR-2 and SBBR-3 it was more than 62%. On line monitoring of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), pH and phosphorus during a cycle indicated that ORP and pH can be useful for real time control and optimization of the process.

scholarly journals Optimization of Hetrotrophic Denitrification Using Glycerol as a Sustainable External Carbon Substrate

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Sultan Salamah ◽  
Andrew Randall
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Nutrients Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Public Health Protection

Nutrients’ removal from residential and industrial wastewaters is essential for environmental and public health protection. Removal of nutrients from wastewater can be achieved chemically or biologically. Biological nutrient removal (BNR) uses a series of anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic zones to provide conditions for the biomass to uptake the nitrogen and phosphorus species and comes in different configurations such as A/O, A2O, and five-stage BardenphoTM. However, BNR systems require a sufficient carbon source which most wastewaters lack. The goal of this study is to use a sustainable carbon source to optimize the five-stage BardenphoTM BNR systems and reduce the chemical cost. The experiments were carried out using two five-stage BardenphoTM BNR systems coupled with side-stream prefermenters. Glycerol, a biodiesel by-product, was used as a sustainable carbon source by direct addition or after fermentation. The results from both systems were beneficial to the BNR system and resulted in similar effluent quality. Both systems achieved complete denitrification and excellent phosphorus removal (82–89%). Co-fermentation of glycerol and primary solids resulted in a significant increase in the volatile fatty acid (VFA) loading beyond the estimated results, but did not correlate to better behavior between the two pilots since both systems achieved complete denitrification.

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