Emissions of chlorinated aromatics during sludge combustion

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Samaras ◽  
M. Blumenstock ◽  
K.-W. Schramm ◽  
A. Kettrup
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Industrial Sludge ◽  
Toxic Emissions ◽  
Dioxins And Furans ◽  
Chlorinated Dioxins ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

The emissions of the toxic chlorinated dioxins and furans during the combustion of sewage sludge and their distribution to the gas/solid phase were examined in this work. Sewage sludge samples were collected from two municipal and one industrial wastewater treatment plant, and were incinerated in a lab scale reactor at 1000°C. High PCDD/F emissions, about 300 ng I-TEQ/kg of fuel were observed during the combustion of the industrial sewage sludge due to the high chlorine and copper content in this sample. Co-combustion of the industrial sludge with coal resulted in reduced toxic emissions reaching up to 158 ng/kg fuel. Almost similar PCDD/F concentrations were measured in the solid particles removed at the quartz wool filter and in the gas phase. The examination of the homologue patterns revealed the domination of furans over dioxins in both the gas and the solid phase. The tetrachlorinated congeners prevailed over the other isomers in the gas phase, while in the solid phase the lower chlorinated isomers with four and five chlorine atoms dominated.

scholarly journals Enskog kinetic theory for monodisperse gas–solid flows

2012 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 129-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Garzó ◽  
S. Tenneti ◽  
S. Subramaniam ◽  
C. M. Hrenya
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Starting Point

AbstractThe Enskog kinetic theory is used as a starting point to model a suspension of solid particles in a viscous gas. Unlike previous efforts for similar suspensions, the gas-phase contribution to the instantaneous particle acceleration appearing in the Enskog equation is modelled using a Langevin equation, which can be applied to a wide parameter space (e.g. high Reynolds number). Attention here is limited to low Reynolds number flow, however, in order to assess the influence of the gas phase on the constitutive relations, which was assumed to be negligible in a previous analytical treatment. The Chapman–Enskog method is used to derive the constitutive relations needed for the conservation of mass, momentum and granular energy. The results indicate that the Langevin model for instantaneous gas–solid force matches the form of the previous analytical treatment, indicating the promise of this method for regions of the parameter space outside of those attainable by analytical methods (e.g. higher Reynolds number). The results also indicate that the effect of the gas phase on the constitutive relations for the solid-phase shear viscosity and Dufour coefficient is non-negligible, particularly in relatively dilute systems. Moreover, unlike their granular (no gas phase) counterparts, the shear viscosity in gas–solid systems is found to be zero in the dilute limit and the Dufour coefficient is found to be non-zero in the elastic limit.

Pharmaceuticals in processing of municipal sewage sludge studied by grab and passive sampling

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C. Lindholm-Lehto ◽  
Heidi S. J. Ahkola ◽  
Juha S. Knuutinen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Concentrations of pharmaceuticals, consisting of four anti-inflammatory and one antiepileptic drug, were studied in the aqueous and solid phase of municipal sewage sludge, collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in central Finland. The samples included untreated municipal sludge from the biological wastewater treatment, digested sludge and sludge before and after composting. First, samples were taken as grab samples to study the bioavailable part in aqueous phase but also the part in solid fraction. Later, the long-term concentrations were studied by passive sampling with styrene divinylbenzene-reverse phase sulfonated (SDB-RPS) disks. In the untreated solid sludge, the concentrations of carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen were 0.5 ng g−1, 26 ng g−1, 29 ng g−1, 250 ng g−1, and 13 ng g−1, while in liquid phase they were 5.6 ng L−1, 200 ng L−1, 210 ng L−1, 35 ng L−1, and 55 ng L−1, respectively. Concentrations decreased with the treatment steps but substantial amounts still occured even after the final stage. The results show that current sludge treatment cannot fully remove pharmaceuticals, leaving varying concentrations after each stage. Additionally, the results suggest that SDB-RPS disks are suitable for sampling and quantification of the bioavailable fraction of pharmaceuticals in municipal sludge.

scholarly journals Assessment of the use of municipal and industrial wastes in agriculture

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czesława Jasiewicz ◽  
Jacek Antonkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Baran
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Industrial Sludge ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

Assessment of the use of municipal and industrial wastes in agriculture Agricultural usability of urban and industrial wastes was investigated in 2004 - 2006 in a pot experiment carried out in the vegetation hall. In the first year of the experiment maize was the test plant, oat grass in the second and oat in the third. The experimental design comprised 11 treatments differing with fertilizer and the kind of the supplied fertilizer components. The experiment used: mineral salts, farmyard manure, compost, municipal sewage sludge and industrial sewage sludge in two fertilizer doses. Metal concentrations in the test plants were diminishing in the following direction: oat grass < maize < oat. The lowest concentrations of the analyzed heavy metals were assessed in the plants fertilized with farmyard manure and compost (Zn, Cu). Among the tested plants the highest quantities of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd were removed with the yield of the oat grass, then maize and oat. The highest uptake of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb by plants was registered on a double dose of industrial sludge and Cd on a single dose of municipal sludge.

scholarly journals Identification of Industrial Sewage Sludge based on Heavy Metal Profiles: A Case Study of Printing and Dyeing Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufeng Zhang ◽  
Shuyu Chen ◽  
Fangting Ai ◽  
Limin Jin ◽  
Ningzheng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

Abstract The illegal disposal of industrial sewage sludge has caused serious environmental pollution. To develop identification techniques of industrial sewage sludge based on the characteristic fingerprints carried by sewage sludge itself is a promising method that is helpful to clarify the responsibility of illegal enterprises. In this study, heavy metal composition and speciation of sewage sludge from industries (including printing and dyeing industry and other industries) and municipal sewage treatment plant located in eastern China were determined and their performance of classification was evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA). Results showed that heavy metal composition and speciation can be an effective tool for distinguishing sewage sludge between printing and dyeing industry and other industries, with an accuracy rate of 82.9% and 100%, respectively. Antimony (Sb) and zinc (Zn) are two characteristic heavy metals, which can be used to identity sewage sludge in printing and dyeing sub-industries with an accuracy rate of 90%. The combination of these three methods may be a precise and promising tool for identification of sewage sludge between industries and sub-industries. This study developed a potential method for tracing the industrial sources of sewage sludge and establishing the identification database of industrial sewage sludge, and provided technical support for the government to supervise the illegal dumping and disposal of industrial sewage sludge.

EVALUATION OF BIOMETHANE YIELDS FROM HIGH-ENERGY ORGANIC WASTE AND SEWAGE SLUDGE: A PILOT STUDY FOR A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2023-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Boguslawa Waliszewska ◽  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
Kamil Witaszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Energy

Production of fuels on the basis of sewage sludge through conditioning using high calorific value fractions

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Georg Schmelz ◽  
Anja Reipa ◽  
Hartmut Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Plastic Components

Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband operate 59 wastewater treatment plants which produce approx. 100,000 Mg TS of sewage sludge each year. Using sludge pressure pipelines, about 60 % of this sludge are transported to the central sludge treatment plant in Bottrop. The digested sludges are conditioned using fine coal and polymers and are dewatered using membrane filters. By adding coal, the heating value of the sludge is raised which enables autothermal combustion of the dewatered sludges in fluidised bed furnaces at the central sludge treatment plant. In order to replace coal, a fossil fuel, as conditioning agent, experiments were conducted using alternative materials with high heating values. The addition of shredder fluff agglomerates proved to be particularly successful. Shredder fluff agglomerates are a residue from the recycling of used cars and are generated in a multistage process (e.g. Volkswagen-SiCon Process) by separating the light shredder fraction (plastic components etc.) from the total shredder fluff. The fibrous material is outstandingly suitable for improving the dewaterability and for sufficiently raising the heating value of the dewatered sludge in order to enable autothermal combustion. Since first experiments showed very positive results, a full-scale long-term test-run will take place in 2007.

Sludge minimization by disintegration at different wastewater treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luchien Luning ◽  
Paul Roeleveld ◽  
Victor W.M. Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sludge Minimization

In recent years new technologies have been developed to improve the biological degradation of sewage sludge by anaerobic digestion. The paper describes the results of a demonstration of ultrasonic disintegration on the Dutch Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Land van Cuijk. The effect on the degradation of organic matter is presented, together with the effect on the dewatering characteristics. Recommendations are presented for establishing research conditions in which the effect of sludge disintegration can be determined in a more direct way that is less sensitive to changing conditions in the operation of the WWTP. These recommendations have been implemented in the ongoing research in the Netherlands supported by the National Institute for wastewater research (STOWA).

Some Recent Developments in Sewage Sludge Pumping

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
J. H. Lohmann ◽  
W. F. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cylinder Piston ◽  
Pumping Equipment

The pumping of sewage sludge solids is reviewed in terms of handling high and low viscosity materials with solids concentrations varying from about 4 % to perhaps 50 %. Knowledge of rheological characteristics including thixotropy is necessary in designing pumping systems with sludge solids percentages, volatile content, particle size, abrasives content and temperatures being variables which could change pump types found suitable from facility to facility. The characteristics of a sewage collection system is also important in determining pumping parameters needed in a treatment plant. Solids handling equipment from other industries have made significant contributions to sewage solids pumping in recent years. Included are moyno-type progressing cavity screw-centrifugal, recessed impeller rotation piston positive displacement, and two cylinder piston S-transfer positive displacement pumps. Pumping equipment used in the F.R.G. and in Southern California in the U.S.A. is remarkably similar. These types of pumps offer the possibility of designing optimum solids dewatering and transfer systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document