Evaluation of agricultural utilisation of the sludge produced at Psyttalia WWTP

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mamais ◽  
A. Kouzeli ◽  
D. G. Christoulas ◽  
A. Andreadakis ◽  
E. Aftias
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Scale Unit ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Year 2000

A six-month experimental study was conducted to evaluate the agricultural use of the sludge produced at Psyttalia after completion of secondary biological treatment. Based on the results obtained from a bench scale activated sludge system the average biological sludge production for the year 2000, is estimated to be approximately 111 tn DS/day. Using the values of heavy metals measured in Psyttalia primary dewatered sludge and in the biological sludge obtained from the laboratory scale unit, the approximate heavy metal concentrations of the sludge produced in Psyttalia after the construction of the Biological Treatment Plant were determined: 327 mgCu/kg DS, 4140 mgZn/kg DS, 981 mgCr/kg DS, 264 mgPb/kg DS, 228 mgNi/kg DS, 1.6 mgCd/kg DS and 7 mgHg/kg DS. According to the above results the use of sludge in agriculture is unfeasible at present given the high zinc concentrations that exceed EC Regulations, but also considering the high concentrations of other heavy metals that exceed the more stringent regulations of several European countries.

Heavy-Metal Contamination by Atmospheric Fallout of Several Flin Flon Area Lakes and the Relation to Fish Populations

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Van Loon ◽  
R. J. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Atmospheric Fallout ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Flin Flon ◽  
High Concentrations

High concentrations of zinc and other heavy metals were found in lakes in the immediate vicinity of the Flin Flon smelters. In a study of 31 lakes, 7 had Zn levels above 100 μg/ℓ, 6 had levels between 50 and 100 μg/ℓ, and the remainder had concentrations < 50 μg/ℓ. The accuracy and precision of the heavy metal chemical analyses were evaluated using intercomparisons with other laboratories and a standard reference water. A linear relationship was demonstrated between log10 concentration of Zn, Cu, and SO42− and log10 distance from the smelter, suggesting atmospheric fallout as the main source of these substances in the lakes. Fishes were more tolerant of these high zinc concentrations than would be expected on the basis of the responses of fish and other aquatic organisms to similar concentrations of zinc in some laboratory toxicity tests. Key words: heavy metals, zinc, atmospheric fallout, fish toxicity, lake contamination, chemical analysis, Flin Flon, Canada

scholarly journals Microalgae as biological treatment for municipal wastewater – effects on the sludge handling in a treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Olsson ◽  
S. Schwede ◽  
E. Nehrenheim ◽  
E. Thorin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Mesophilic Conditions

Abstract A mix of microalgae and bacteria was cultivated on pre-sedimented municipal wastewater in a continuous operated microalgae-activated sludge process. The excess material from the process was co-digested with primary sludge in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in semi-continuous mode (5 L digesters). Two reference digesters (5 L digesters) fed with waste-activated sludge (WAS) and primary sludge were operated in parallel. The methane yield was slightly reduced (≈10%) when the microalgal-bacterial substrate was used in place of the WAS in thermophilic conditions, but remained approximately similar in mesophilic conditions. The uptake of heavy metals was higher with the microalgal-bacterial substrate in comparison to the WAS, which resulted in higher levels of heavy metals in the digestates. The addition of microalgal-bacterial substrate enhanced the dewaterability in thermophilic conditions. Finally, excess heat can be recovered in both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.

scholarly journals Mycobacterial resistance to zinc poisoning requires assembly of P-ATPase-containing membrane metal efflux platforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves-Marie Boudehen ◽  
Marion Faucher ◽  
Xavier Marechal ◽  
Roger Miras ◽  
Jerome Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Membrane Microdomain ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Functional Membrane ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Metal Efflux ◽  
High Concentrations

Transition metals are toxic at high concentrations. The P1B-ATPase metal exporter CtpC/Rv3270 is required for resistance to zinc poisoning in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we discovered that zinc resistance also depends on the chaperone-like protein PacL1/Rv3269. PacL1 bound Zn2+, but unlike PacL1 and CtpC, the PacL1 metal-binding motif (MBM) was required only at high zinc concentrations. PacL1 co-localized with CtpC in dynamic microdomains within the mycobacterial plasma membrane. Microdomain formation did not require flotillins nor the PacL1 MBM. Instead, loss of the PacL1 Glutamine/Alanine repeats led to loss of CtpC and sensitivity to zinc. PacL1 and CtpC are within the same operon, and homologous PacL1-P1B-ATPase pairs are widely distributed within and across prokaryotes. PacL1 colocalized and functioned redundantly with PacL orthologs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Overall, our study suggests that PacL proteins are scaffolds that assemble P-ATPase-containing metal efflux platforms, a novel type of functional membrane microdomain that underlies bacterial resistance to metal poisoning.

Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn content of the riparian zone of the Tisza River (Hungary) after heavy metal pollution

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Győri ◽  
K. Alapi ◽  
J. Prokisch ◽  
T. Németh ◽  
D. Adriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Year 2000

At the beginning of the year 2000 two considerable waves of pollution occurred on the river Tisza. With the second wave, in a simultaneous flood, a huge amount of mud contaminated with heavy metals settled on the floodplains. As most of the contaminated areas are under agricultural use, the study of the heavy metal charge of soils and herbaceous plants of the floodplain has great importance. Along the Tisza four sampling sites were established and 300 cm deep drill cores were taken. The results of analytical examinations show that the heavy metal content of the topsoil is higher than that of the earlier formed lower layers, although contamination is also present there. This suggests that pollutions like this are not unknown in the Tisza Valley. It is greatly important to take cadmium pollution into consideration, as this element is extremely toxic and easily taken up by plants, and is likely to be a serious problem in the floodplain. The risk of contamination in the topsoil of the floodplain soils were examined in detail. The soils’ heavy metal content was the highest where the two pollution waves can be measured first at the same site. For determining the amount of heavy metals bound to other compounds sequential extractions were carried out. The proportion of the water soluble and exchangeable fraction – that is bioavailable to plants – is negligible in respect of Cu, Pb, and Zn, while it is considerable in the case of Cd, showing the risk of contamination. The gained data show that the high proportion of cadmium results in a remarkable environmental risk, while other heavy metals turn into a bioavailable form only after intensive acidification. The proportion of the heavy metal fraction bound to humus materials was expected to be low due to the exogenous origin and freshness of the topsoil.

Technology Research for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Municipal Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Ming Wang ◽  
Liang Shen ◽  
He Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Future Direction

Heavy metal pollution is one of the main obstacles of municipal sewage treatment plant sludge for agricultural use. This paper gives an overview of four kinds of commonly used techniques for heavy metals removal in sewage sludge: chemical extraction, bioleaching, electrokinetic technology and solidification - stabilization, also analyzed the future direction of development.

scholarly journals Biodegradability and Adaptability Studies of Geothermal Wastewater in a Biological Treatment Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 3052-3056
Author(s):  
Luisa Roxana Popescu ◽  
Cristina Dinu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Discontinuous Flow ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
High Salt Content

The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal conditions for the operation of biological treatment plant by carrying out biodegradability tests for geothermal wastewaters with high salt content. The biodegradation tests for geothermal wastewaters were carried out in a discontinuous flow bioreactor. The phases of the biodegradation process were: adaptation of the biological sludge, control of the biological treatment process, experiments in the laboratory bioreactors (BATCH). The results of the biodegradability tests revealed that geothermal waters with high salt content influence the treatment process. The dilution of these waters with domestic water up to chlorine concentrations below 800 mg L-1, makes the purification process to have a good biodegradation yields for CCO-Cr (about 75%) and CBO-5 (about 72%). If these geothermal wastewaters are not diluted to concentrations lower than 800 mg L-1, the biological sludge after 6 days is mineralized, which makes the use of biological treatment plant to be impossible.

Mill case, simulation, and laboratory plant study of black liquor spill effects on a multiple stage biological treatment plantA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Good Relation ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the impact of black liquor shocks on multiple stage biological treatment plant was studied. The tests were carried out in a lab scale plant and using a mathematical simulation model. The results showed good relation to a parallel situation at the Gruvön Mill. The MultiBio concept is persistent to short-term black liquor spills due to the design where the black liquor is diluted between every compartment. According to the lab scale trials, short-term shocks (5 and 10 h) of black liquor addition reduce bio activity in the first part of the MultiBio plant. Oxygen uptake rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation decreased during high concentrations of black liquor and increased when the black liquor concentration declined. Protozoas disappeared from compartments exposed to high concentrations of black liquor. A long-term trial encompassing 24 h of black liquor addition inhibited the COD reduction in the whole plant for several weeks.

scholarly journals CONVERSION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PLANT SLUDGE TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC FARMING

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agampodi Sunil Shanta Mendis ◽  
Shashiprabha Punyakantha Dunuweera ◽  
Shanta Walpolage ◽  
Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Gamini Rajapakse
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Production ◽  
Materials Used

Conversion of the sludge generated in the biological treatment plants of glove dipping industries of Sri Lanka to a valuable organic fertilizer after removing toxic metal ions such as heavy metals and excess Zn and Al present in the sludge to allowable limits is described. In order to do so, the raw materials used were analysed for these species and for their nutritional values. Removal of metal ions by different acids such as HNO3 and acetic acid digestion processes are revealed and the results are compared. Dilution of the metal ion-removed sludge with other raw materials used in organic fertilizer production to enable maintain right C:N ratio and the use of these materials in the fertilizer production process used are presented. Application of the fertilizer to soils of fruit and vegetable plantations and measurement of Zn, Al and heavy metals in the soil and plant parts and their crops as a function of time is also described. The quality of vegetables and fruits produced by applying this new fertilizer is compared with those obtained in the open market.It has been shown that the former contains no or much less than maximum allowable limits of heavy metals or toxic species when compared to those grown using other organic fertilizers. This study is useful for industrial biological treatment plant sludge management by converting it to a useful product.

Decontaminating Biological Sludge for Agricultural Use

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wong ◽  
J. G. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Bacterial Leaching ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

A biological oxidation process called bacterial leaching was used to remove heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge. The purpose was to decontaminate the sludge so that it could be utilized on agricultural land. The leaching process was found to be affected by pH, aeration and temperature. At α pH of 4, an aeration rate of 100 cm3 of air per litre of sludge per minute and a temperature of 25°C, the following metal removal efficiencies were observed: cadmium, 80 - 85% ; copper, 66 - 80% ; nickel, 70 - 78% and zinc, 84 - 90%. No significant removal was observed for lead. In addition to removing heavy metals, bacterial leaching preserves the soil conditioning and fertilizing properties of the sludge. According to Ontario guidelines, the sludge used in this study was initially not acceptable for use on agricultural lands. However, after bacterial leaching, all criteria for the application of sludge to agricultural lands were easily met.

Joint Treatment of Industrial Effluent: Case Study of Limassol Industrial Estate

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hadjivassilis ◽  
L. Tebai ◽  
M. Nicolaou
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Chemical Sludge

The treatment plant has been designed and installed for the treatment of wastewater discharged from various industries at Limassol Industrial Estate. The total daily flow and biological load after the last extension of the plant are 1000-1200m3/d and 220-264kg BOD5/d respectively. Chemical treatment followed by biological treatment is applied. The main steps of the treatment process are as follows: equalization, flotation, coagulation-flocculation, settlement of chemical sludge, pH-adjustment, nutrient addition, aeration of activated sludge, settlement of biological sludge, chlorination and sludge stabilization. The efficiency of the plant with respect to BOD5 and COD removal is over 90%. The quality of the treated effluent is BOD5 &lt; 15mg/l and COD &lt; 40mg/l. The concentration of trace elements are below the recommended limits for reclaimed water used for irrigation purposes.

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