Removal of sulphite-reducing clostridia spores by full-scale water treatment processes as a surrogate for protozoan (oo)cysts removal

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Hijnen ◽  
J. Willemsen-Zwaagstra ◽  
P. Hiemstra ◽  
G. J. Medema ◽  
D. van der Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Scale Unit ◽  
Micro Organisms

At eight full-scale water treatment plants in the Netherlands the removal of spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) was determined. By sampling and processing large volumes of water (1 up to 500 litres) SSRC were detected after each stage of the treatment. This enabled the assessment of the removal efficiency of the full-scale unit processes for persistent micro-organisms. A comparison with literature data on the removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by the same type of processes revealed that SSRC can be considered as a potential surrogate. The average Decimal Elimination Capacity (DEC) of the overall treatment plants ranged from 1.3–4.3 log. The observed actual log removal of SSRC by the unit processes and the overall treatment at one of the studied locations showed that the level of variation in removal efficiency was approximately 2 log. Moreover, from the actual log removal values it was observed that a low SSRC removal by one unit process is partly compensated by a higher removal by subsequent unit processes at this location. SSRC can be used for identification of the process conditions that cause variation in micro-organism removal which may lead to process optimization. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal use of SSRC in water quality monitoring for the production of microbiologically safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Natural agents as auxiliaries in water clarification: literature review and experimental evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44800
Author(s):  
João Paulo Nascimento Armeloni ◽  
Danieli Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Clainer Bravin Donadel
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Processes

The increasing demand for water resources (primarily for human consumption and industrial and agricultural activity) is driven by socio-economic development, and population growth. Recent research has been focusing on alternative coagulants based on natural elements, as opposed to the commonly used iron and aluminum salts, for use in water and wastewater treatment processes. In this context, a thorough literature review on alternative coagulants and their application to water treatment processes has been conducted in this work. In addition, three experiments have been conducted with a widely used natural organic coagulant (Moringa oleifera). The alternative clarification system used is the helically coiled tube flocculator (HCTF), with high turbidity removal efficiency and low processing times. A comparative analysis of the turbidity reduction over time was performed with samples collected after 600, 900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100, 2400, and 2700 s from the hydraulic circuit. The process efficiency using the proposed alternative coagulant reached 95.3% (after 1800 s). The turbidity removal efficiency remained almost constant after 1800 s, with variations below 1%. These results prove that natural alternative agents can be powerful tools in the water treatment process, with efficiency values exceeding those obtained using chemicals (e.g., aluminum sulphate) as coagulant/ flocculant agents.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment Klang River Water Treatment Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
HA Mohiyaden ◽  
LM Sidek ◽  
G Hayder ◽  
MN Noh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Unit Process

The quality of Klang river water is deteriorating dramatically since it is in urban places every day and become one of the major problems.  Therefore, the Malaysian government had initiated one river cleaning project named River of Life (ROL) project. This project is for rehabilitating and restoring the Klang river. A series of river water treatment plant (RWTP)s have been operated in Klang river catchment since 2014. Six RWTPs station has been monitored up to eight stations until presents. Eight parameters consisting of physio-chemical types and biological types have been recorded. RWTP effluent discharges are targeted to achieve Malaysia Interim National Water Quality Standard (INWQS) under Class II B. Since previous RWTP performance only emphasized on local river pollutants and certain conditions, this paper will investigate the effectiveness of full-scale RWTP unit process for river condition. Water quality assessment are involved which are consist of effluent water quality monitoring and pollutant removal efficiency. Most of the major pollutants able to be reduced by more than 50% reduction. Although BOD and AN still not able to achieve standard range gazetted by INWQS Class IIB, there is an improvement of river water quality at Klang River by using IFAS technology adopted in the RWTP system.

Evaluating the application of Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 for the removal of sulfamethoxazole in full-scale membrane bioreactors

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1754-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fenu ◽  
B. M. R. Donckels ◽  
T. Beffa ◽  
C. Bemfohr ◽  
M. Weemaes
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Viable Biomass ◽  
The One ◽  
Micro Organisms

Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 is a bacterial strain that recently received attention for its capability to mineralize sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and other sulfonamides. In this study, the survival of Microbacterium sp. in municipal sludge waters was tested in batch experiments to explore optimal process conditions. Inoculation of Microbacterium sp. was subsequently performed in a pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) operated in two configurations: treating full-scale MBR permeate (post-treatment) and treating raw municipal wastewater. SMX removal by Microbacterium sp. could not be proved in any of the configurations, except for SMX concentrations far higher than the ones normally found in municipal wastewater. By use of molecular tools (fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis) a low capability to survive in activated sludge systems was assessed. After inoculation, Microbacterium sp. was reduced to a small fraction of the viable biomass. The observed growth rate appeared to be many times lower than the one of typical activated sludge micro-organisms. Possibilities of application in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment are scarce.

Quantifying human exposure to contaminants for multiple-barrier water reuse systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Khan ◽  
J. A. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range

Reliance upon advanced water treatment processes to provide safe drinking water from relatively compromised sources is rapidly increasing in Australia and other parts of the world. Advanced treatment processes such as reverse osmosis have the ability to provide very effective treatment for a wide range of chemicals when operated under optimal conditions. However, techniques are required to comprehensively validate the performance of these treatment processes in the field. This paper provides a discussion and demonstration of some effective statistical techniques for the assessment and description of advanced water treatment plant performance. New data is provided, focusing on disinfection byproducts including trihalomethanes and N-nitrosamines from a recent comprehensive quantitative exposure assessment for an advanced water recycling scheme in Australia.

Comparison between ozone and ferrate in oxidising geosmin and 2-MIB in water

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Park ◽  
M. Yu ◽  
J. Go ◽  
E. Kim ◽  
H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Selectivity ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
High Reaction ◽  
H2o2 Addition

Among the chemicals causing taste and odour (T&O) in drinking water, the most commonly identified and problematic ones are geosmin and 2-MIB (2-methylisoborneol). Since the reported odour thresholds of geosmin and 2-MIB are as low as 4 and 8.5 ng/L, respectively, they are not readily removed by conventional water treatment processes. In this study, ozone (O3) and ferrate (Fe(VI)) were applied to oxidise geosmin and 2-MIB. Their performances were compared in terms of removal efficiency of geosmin and 2-MIB. In the case of O3, removal efficiency of geosmin and 2-MIB ozonation at different initial O3 doses, H2O2/O3 ratios and water temperatures were evaluated. The oxidation rates of geosmin and 2-MIB by Fe(VI) were measured within pH 6–8. The effect of H2O2 addition was also evaluated. In summary, O3, especially with H2O2, could almost completely oxidise geosmin and 2-MIB, while Fe(VI) could not oxidise them more than 25% at any pH that was considered in this study. This was attributed to the structure of the organics and high reaction selectivity of Fe(VI). Further study should be conducted to find the reason of inhibition of oxidation by Fe(VI).

scholarly journals Evaluation on the removal efficiency of pharmaceutical compounds in conventional drinking water treatment processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Hee-Jeong Seo ◽  
Yong-Hoon Park ◽  
In-Sook Kang ◽  
Hwa-Bong Myong ◽  
Yang-Suk Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Treatment Processes

Offshore Water Treatment KPIs Using Machine Learning Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Flores ◽  
Martin Morles ◽  
Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Learning Techniques

Abstract New water treatment facilities in the Gulf of Mexico include a seawater Sulfate Removal Unit (SRU) to mitigate reservoir souring and scaling. The general industry sulfate target for offshore SRU is usually 20 mg/L or even 40 mg/L; however, some facilities may require <10 mg/L of sulfate in injection water, which makes water quality monitoring more critical and challenging. Current industrial practice relies on only pressure drop and a constant cleaning interval frequency to perform SRU maintenance which may result in reduced membrane life due to frequency cleaning or severe membrane fouling without the capability to predict fouling based on process conditions. The machine learning techniques applied will fill the gap and deliver a prediction model based on both simulation and real-time field data. This model will track and monitor the system key performance indicators (KPIs) including pressure, membrane fouling factor (FF), permeate sulfate concentration etc. The monitoring and prediction of these KPIs provide estimates on when the next maintenance procedure is required, track membrane system status for troubleshooting and actions, and optimize membrane performance by tuning operation conditions.

Removal efficiency of storm water treatment techniques: standardized full scale laboratory testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C. Boogaard ◽  
F. van de Ven ◽  
J.G. Langeveld ◽  
J. Kluck ◽  
N. van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Treatment Techniques
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