The ability of selected chemicals for suppressing odour development in rising mains

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hobson ◽  
G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ferric Ions ◽  
Ferric Salt ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
Odour Removal

The use of Nutriox® and ferric chloride to suppress hydrogen sulphide and odour generation in rising mains is evaluatd in a pilot scale study. Without chemical dosing the hydrogen sulphide built up to the commonly predicted levels after six months. Thereafter, addition of both Nutriox® and ferric chloride to sewage entering the rising main totally suppressed the formation of H2S. Nutriox also nearly totally suppressed the odour measured olfactometrically. The use of ferric salt at near stoichiometric levels effectively removed dissolved sulphide. Odour removal was generally good though on occasions reduction of dissolved sulphide levels to below 0.1 mg/l was not guaranteed to be accompanied by near total suppression of odour generation. The use of ferric ions at stoichiometric levels, after H2S and odours have formed in the rising main, also eliminated the dissolved sulphide. When used in this way, a significant residual odour potential, 110,000 ou/m3 remained in the sewage. The simultaneous reductions of odour and hydrogen sulphide observed in this study implied an apparent threshold odour concentration of 0.1 ppb for H2S, significantly lowr than most values quoted in the literature.

Hydrogen sulphide removal by activated sludge diffusion

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Barbosa ◽  
D. Dufol ◽  
J.L. Callan ◽  
R. Sneath ◽  
R.M. Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Waste Gas Treatment ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
And Control

Odours from wastewater treatment plants comprise a mixture of various gases, of which hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is the main constituent. Microorganisms commonly found in wastewater can degrade sulphurous compounds. Therefore, the use of activated sludge (AS) for odour control offers an alternative to traditional waste gas treatment processes, such as biofilters, bioscrubbers and biotrickling filters, both in practical terms (use of existing facilities) and economically (minimal capital cost). The performance of AS diffusion as a bioscrubber for removing H2S at concentrations at 25, 75 and 150 ppmv was evaluated. Pilot-scale trials were undertaken using parallel 60-L aeration tanks and 20-L clarifier reactors at the Bedford Sewage Treatment Works, Carington, UK. Olfactometry measurements were also carried out to determine whether there was any increase in odour concentration owing to H2S diffusion. Hydrogen sulphide removal rates of 100% were obtained, with no noticeable increase in odour concentration throughout the trials as measured by olfactometry. Odour concentration was highest at the beginning of the trials and lowest during the high H2S dosing period, with similar values being obtained for test and control. It was concluded that AS diffusion is an effective bioscrubber for the removal of H2S odour.

Pre-Ozonation-Coagulant Interactions in Direct Filtration

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Eyvaz ◽  
Hatice Deniz ◽  
Tuğrul S. Aktaş ◽  
Ebubekir Yüksel ◽  
Ahmet M. Saatçi
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Dimensionless Number ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Sulfate Application

Abstract Pre-ozonation–coagulant interactions effects in relation to the coagulant type and dosage in direct filtration of surface waters were investigated. The performance of the process was evaluated by monitoring the effluent quality and head loss development through the filter bed. Two identical pilot scale filter columns filtering the same raw water were operated in parallel. The raw water was brought from Ömerli Reservoir in Istanbul. Before filtering, the raw water flow was split into two equal flows. One of the streams was pre-ozonated and the other was aerated using contact chambers with equal volumes equipped with same number and type of diffusers. In coagulation experiments, one of the filters was operated using aluminum sulfate as a coagulant while the other one was run with ferric chloride. For similar filter run times, the effluent quality was always better with pre-ozonation compared to aeration. It was also observed that, aluminum sulfate application gave more favorable results for both particle and turbidity removal compared to ferric chloride. Ives’ filterability index which incorporates the important filtration design parameters such as: effluent quality, the headloss and the velocity of filtration into a dimensionless number was used for the comparison of the experimental results.

Interlaboratory comparison of dynamic olfactometry in Central Europe 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mannebeck ◽  
H. Mannebeck
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Dynamic Olfactometry

This paper presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison (ringtest) on olfactometry with 31 participants from four countries in Central Europe. The aim was to give evidence of the performance of dynamic olfactometry on the basis of the European Standard prEN 13725 (Draft) “Determination of odour concentration with dynamic olfactometry”. The test included the analysis of three individual substances (n-butanol, hydrogen sulphide, tetrahydrothiophen) as well as a natural odour mixture (coffee flavour) to compare mean values and the standard deviations of results for the investigated samples. It was confirmed that laboratories working in compliance with the requirements of the new standard achieve a significantly better repeatability and reproducibility than those that are not compliant.

Sewage treatment works odour measurement

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gostelow ◽  
S. A. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Sulphide Concentration ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Nose

Public concern over odours from sewage treatment works is increasing. More people are being exposed to odours, due to development around existing works or the construction of new works. Raised awareness of both the environment and individual rights has meant people are now more likely to complain. Odourabatement and control is a major issue for sewage works operators. To control odours, they must first be measured. This is no easy task as response to odours is subjective and our understanding of the sense of smell is incomplete. In assessing an odour nuisance, odour formation, emission, dispersion and perception must be considered. There is no single measure that is suitable for this purpose. Odour measurements fall into two classes. Analytical measurements characterise odours in terms of their chemical composition and are more suited to formation, emission and dispersion models. Unfortunately, they tell us little about the perceived effect of the odour. Sensory measurements employ the human nose and characterise odours in terms of their perceived effect. A link between analytical and sensory measurements is clearly needed. In this paper data collected from odour surveys at 17 different wastewater treatment sites are evaluated to explore possibilities for linking analytical and sensory measures. The relationship between hydrogen sulphide concentration and odour concentration as measured by threshold olfactometry is explored. Correlations suggest power-law relationships between hydrogen sulphide and odour concentration, with r2 values as high as 0.69. This paper will assess the use of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and olfactometry measurements for a range of unit operations and abatement technologies.

Effects of several water quality parameters on arsenic removal by coagulation: laboratory experiments and a pilot-scale study

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Laky ◽  
B. László ◽  
I. Licskó
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Manganese Concentration

In laboratory experiments a traditional drinking water treatment method, coagulation/flocculation followed by solid/liquid phase separation has been applied in order to decrease arsenic concentration below 10 μg/L (which is the new Hungarian standard for arsenic). The goal of the research work was to examine the transition of the dissolved arsenic to solid form, to determine the factors which have significant effect on arsenic removal efficiency. The organic content of the water highly affected the arsenic removal process. The difference in the required coagulant dosage can be order of one magnitude depending on the organic content of the water. The phosphorous content also increases the required coagulant dose, since ferric phosphate precipitates are formed, decreasing the amount of coagulant available for arsenic removal. pH also proved to have significant influence when experiments were carried out at wide pH range. However, under more realistic conditions (pH is between 7.5 and 8), the effect of pH was not that significant. The inorganic carbon content at some extent favors the liquid/solid transition of arsenate, since it contributes to the buffering capacity of the water, therefore enhances the metal hydroxide formation process. However, the excess inorganic carbon has disadvantageous effect, since it competes with the arsenate ions for the free sites of metal hydroxides. Two oxidants (chlorine and potassium permanganate) and two coagulants (ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate) were studied in pilot scale experiments. The pilot plant was operated at Hajdúbagos, where the arsenic, iron and manganese concentration of the raw water is above the standard. In the experiments it was found the potassium permanganate + ferric chloride combination was the most efficient.

scholarly journals Odour and ammonia removal from pig house exhaust air using a biotrickling filter

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Melse ◽  
G. Mol
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
The Many ◽  
Odour Removal ◽  
Increasing Load ◽  
Ammonia Abatement

Odour from agricultural activities, such as the spreading of manure and the housing of animals, is increasingly being considered a nuisance in densely populated countries like the Netherlands. The objective of this research was to study the odour removal from pig house exhaust air by a biotrickling filter that had been implemented for ammonia abatement. At a regular pig production farm, the performance of a running full-scale biotrickling filter was studied for 72 days. Ammonia and odour removal efficiency were on average 79% and 49% respectively. Ammonia removal appeared to be based on an unintended accumulation of ammonium and nitrite in the system, instead of on production and discharge of nitrate. The odour removal efficiency showed a large variation that, for a major part, about 80%, could be attributed to actual changes in the performance of the biotrickling filter. These changes were probably caused by variations in the composition of the air that were not completely reflected by the olfactometrically measured odour concentration, as the many different components that make up the odour each have different removal characteristics. It seemed that the biotrickling filter was operated below its maximum absolute odour removal capacity [OUE/(m3 filter)/s], which means that the absolute odour removal will probably rise at increasing load. It was, however, not possible to distinguish between the influence of either the odour load or the odour concentration on the odour removal, because of a positive correlation between the odour concentration and the air flow. To increase the odour removal efficiency (%), the design of the filter probably needs to be optimised for both well and poorly water-soluble odour components.

Biodegradation of hydrogen sulphide by inoculated Rhodococcus sp.zw11 in a pilot-scale biotrickling filter

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanhe Zhang ◽  
Qunhui Wang ◽  
Shulei Tian ◽  
Xiaoqiang Wang ◽  
Weimin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biotrickling Filter

Pilot Plant Studies on Biological Sulphate Removal from Industrial Effluent

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1293-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Maree ◽  
G. Hulse ◽  
D. Dods ◽  
C. E. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
Sulphate Removal

Sulphate-rich industrial effluents present a serious environmental pollution problem. A biological sulphate removal process has been developed for the treatment of such effluents. In this process, sulphate is converted to hydrogen sulphide in the anaerobic stage when an energy source, such as molasses, sugar or producer gas is added. The hydrogen sulphide is stripped off in a stripping stage, with a carrier gas such as nitrogen. The gas is recycled through a ferric solution where it is oxidized to elemental sulphur. In a subsequent aerobic stage, degradation of organic carbon residuals and calcium carbonate crystallization are achieved simultaneously. In this study the anaerobic stage of the process was evaluated on pilot scale. After the inoculation period, sulphate was removed continuously for a period of 100 days from 2200 mg/l to below 200 mg/l. For the first part of the study acetic acid served as energy source as the sugar content of molasses was allowed to ferment. Thereafter fresh molasses was supplied as energy source and the bacterial culture had to adapt to utilize sugar in molasses as energy source. A volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration of 27 g/l was present in the packing material of the anaerobic reactor. With this VSS-value, a hydraulic retention time of 12 hours was needed for sulphate removal.

Experimental Study on Preparation and Pb2+ Adsorption Capability of Ferric Salt Modified Sands

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 852-855
Author(s):  
Chun Sheng Ding ◽  
Xiao Yan Ma ◽  
Ying Long Zhou ◽  
Ping Ning
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Ferric Nitrate ◽  
Ferric Salt ◽  
Adsorption Capability

Ferric salt modified sands were prepared with quartz sand as a carrier and ferric salt coating by the two methods of repeat high-temperature process and repeat alkaline deposition process. The specific surface area of two ferric salt modified sands were detected, and their Pb2+ adsorption capability in different conditions were also described in this paper. The results showed that the specific surface area of ferric chloride and ferric nitrate modified sand was 2.468m2/g and 4.247m2/g respectively, which was 6.910 and 12.612 times more than that of raw quartz sand. In the neutral pH condition, the removal efficiency of Pb2+ by raw quartz sands was approximately 37%, in contrast, the removal efficiency reached 85% by ferric nitrate modified sand and over 90% by ferric chloride modified sand, and it was much higher than that of raw quartz sand.

scholarly journals Ferric chloride for odour control: studies from wastewater treatment plants in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Prathna ◽  
Ankit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Abstract This study was about the feasibility of using ferric chloride as an agent for odour control in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to hydrogen sulphide emission. Total inlet sulphide concentrations at 11 WWTPs in Delhi were measured and ranged between 1.1 and 14.8 mg/L. Wastewater samples from Najafgarh drain were used in jar tests to estimate the ferric chloride concentration required to obtain acceptable treatment. Ferric chloride was effective in removing sulphide, phosphate and total suspended solids (TSS), and gave significant biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction. It was ineffective, however, in removing ammoniacal-nitrogen. A dose of 40 mg/L removed 76% of total sulphide, which corresponds to a significant reduction in hydrogen sulphide emission. The study demonstrated that ferric chloride can be used as a cost-effective pre-treatment step in WWTPs to reduce sulphur-related odours significantly, as well as TSS, BOD and phosphate from wastewater.

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