Microbial characteristics of constructed wetlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasta Ottová ◽  
Jarmila Balcarová ◽  
Jan Vymazal
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Bacterial Pollution ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Constructed wetlands have been shown to be capable of removing a wide variety of contaminants, including bacterial pollution. Wetlands are known to act as biofilters through a combination of physical, chemical and biological factors which all participate in the reduction of the number of bacteria. Five constructed wetlands in the Czech Republic were studied during 1994 and 1995 in order to determine removal of total and faecal coliform bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, total count of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were determined in water. Populations of nitrogen cycle bacteria were monitored on roots and rhizomes ofGlyceria maxima in the system at Doksy. The results revealed that the retention of coliform bacteria is very high and exceeds common retention values for conventional systems. The measurements also indicated that nitrifying bacteria were not present in wastewater, however, quite large numbers were found on the surface of roots and rhizomes of Glyceria. This fact can explain the significant nitrification observed in this system.

Bacterial dynamics in the sub-surface constructed wetland

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vymazal ◽  
J. Balcarová ◽  
H. Doušová
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Bacterial Pollution ◽  
Steep Decrease

Constructed wetlands have been shown to be capable of removing a wide variety of contaminants, including bacterial pollution. However, only limited information exists on the distribution of bacteria on roots of macrophytes growing in constructed wetlands. Constructed wetland with sub-surface horizontal flow at Nucÿice near Prague, Czech Republic, was put in operation in 1996. The system treats municipal sewage from 650 PE and the total area of the beds, planted with Phalaris arundinacea and Phragmites australis in alternate stripes perpendicular to the flow direction, is 3,224 m2 (2 beds 62×26 m each). Pea gravel (8/16 mm) was used as a filtration material. During the period 1998-1999, distribution of total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria and fecal streptococci was monitored in wastewater as well as on roots of both macrophyte species. Counts of bacteria on root surface in the system at Nucÿice indicate that there is a steep decrease in bacterial numbers within the first few metres of the bed and that there is significantly more bacteria on roots of Phragmites as compared to Phalaris. There was no statistically significant influence of the season on the bacterial counts on roots of macrophytes.

Removal of BOD5 in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-surface Flow: Czech Experience

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vymazal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow (HSF CWs) usually provide high removal of BOD5. Organic compounds are degraded by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the rhizosphere of vegetated beds. The results from the Czech HSF CWs showed an average treatment efficiency of 86.6% with an average effluent BOD5 concentration of 13.2 mg 1−1. The BOD5 loading of vegetated beds of HSF CWs varied between 2.6 and 99.6 kg ha−1 d−1 with an average of 33.5 kg ha−1 d−1. The results also indicated that the removal of BOD5 is not temperature dependent and is steady throughout the year.

Applying Bacteriological Parameters for Evaluating Underground Water Quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. El-Zanfaly ◽  
A. M. Shabaan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Bacterial Pollution ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

A total of 111 water samples were drawn from 15 wells. These samples were subjected to bacteriological examinations to determine the suitability of the monitored wells as source for drinking water. Significant levels of bacterial pollution indicators were detected in the underground water samples during the period of study. Total bacterial counts ranged between 10-104CFU/ml. Faecal streptococci was the most common and detected in 9 6% of water samples. Lower percentages of samples (92, 55 and 45%) were contaminated with total coliforms, faecal coliforms and total clostridia, respectively. Faecal coliforms: faecal streptococci was less than 0.7 in 86% of the examined samples. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in the examined well water samples. Only 101 water samples were tested for anaerobic spore-formers and all showed positive results. Most examined wells do not meet the water quality standards for drinking water. Accordingly, the necessity of controllin bacterial pollution in ground-water through disinfection was clearly confirmed. Testing the underground water for more than one indicator represents an important approach for water quality assurance.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in the Middle ear and ear Canal in Acute Otitis Media

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (sup386) ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Luotonen ◽  
A. M. M. Jokipii ◽  
P. Sipilä ◽  
J. Väyrynen ◽  
L. Jokipii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Decontamination of the Oral Cavity. Effect of Six Local Anti-Microbial Preparations in Comparison to Water and Parafilm as Controls

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Matula ◽  
M. Hildebrandt ◽  
G. Nahler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Cavity Effect ◽  
Bacterial Effect ◽  
Observation Period

Six preparations (four liquid and two solid) were tested in a double-blind crossover design for their anti-bacterial effect on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva of 12 volunteers. The four liquid preparations contained either tyrothricin, hexetidine, hydrogen peroxide or ethanol and were tested against a rinse with water as control. The two solid preparations, in the form of lozenges, contained tyrothricin in doses of 4 or 10 mg and were tested against parafilm. A single rinse with either tyrothricin or hexetidine resulted in a significant reduction of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva which lasted for the whole 1h observation period and was considerably more effective than hydrogen peroxide or ethanol. Similar results were seen with the solid preparations. The lozenge containing 10 mg tyrothricin was the most effective and was the only formulation capable of reducing oral aerobic bacterial counts by a factor of approximately 100.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of a Novel Glycylcycline, the 9-t-Butylglycylamido Derivative of Minocycline (GAR-936)

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Petersen ◽  
N. V. Jacobus ◽  
W. J. Weiss ◽  
P. E. Sum ◽  
R. T. Testa
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Ribosomal Protection

ABSTRACT The 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (TBG-MINO) is a recently synthesized member of a novel group of antibiotics, the glycylcyclines. This new derivative, like the first glycylcyclines, theN,N-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, possesses activity against bacterial isolates containing the two major determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance: ribosomal protection and active efflux. The in vitro activities of TBG-MINO and the comparative agents were evaluated against strains with characterized tetracycline resistance as well as a spectrum of recent clinical aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. TBG-MINO, with an MIC range of 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml, showed good activity against strains expressing tet(M) (ribosomal protection), tet(A), tet(B),tet(C), tet(D), and tet(K) (efflux resistance determinants). TBG-MINO exhibited similar activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MICs at which 90% of strains are inhibited, ≤0.5 μg/ml). TBG-MINO exhibited activity against a wide diversity of gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, most of which were less susceptible to tetracycline and minocycline. The in vivo protective effects of TBG-MINO were examined against acute lethal infections in mice caused by Escherichia coli, S. aureus, andStreptococcus pneumoniae isolates. TBG-MINO, administered intravenously, demonstrated efficacy against infections caused byS. aureus including MRSA strains and strains containingtet(K) or tet(M) resistance determinants (median effective doses [ED50s], 0.79 to 2.3 mg/kg of body weight). TBG-MINO demonstrated efficacy against infections caused by tetracycline-sensitive E. coli strains as well asE. coli strains containing either tet(M) or the efflux determinant tet(A), tet(B), ortet(C) (ED50s, 1.5 to 3.5 mg/kg). Overall, TBG-MINO shows antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including strains resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents. The in vivo protective effects, especially against infections caused by resistant bacteria, corresponded with the in vitro activity of TBG-MINO.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Findings within Internal Implant Hole Following Flapless Implant Placement

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Khudair A Abd ◽  
Basima G Ali ◽  
Abbas S AL-Mizraqchi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Screw Hole ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Back ground: Microbial penetration inside the implant's internal hole creates a bacterial reservoir that is related with an area of inflamed connective tissue opposite the fixture-abutment junction and this can affect the health of the peri-implant tissue. Aims of the study: Evaluate the types aerobic and anaerobic bacterial count-percentage and difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic microflora in the implant screw hole three months after implant placement. Monitor the periodontal health status of all patients, throughout the study. Material and methods: Study methodology; Eight partially edentulous patients received 20 dental implants and these implants done with flapless surgical procedure. All patients examined clinically to determined their oral health status by examination of their plaque index, Gingival index and Bleeding on probing, each two weeks for 90 days (8visits) throughout the study period. Three months after that, the plaque sample collected from the internal hole of fixture and transfer to bacterial investigation and assessment the amount of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Results: Although the anaerobic viable count is higher than that of aerobic, but with statistically not significant difference between those counts (P>0.05). Keywords: screw hole, flapless surgical implant placement, bacterial count, Aerobic and Anaerobic bacteria

scholarly journals Microbiological, histological, technological, and toxicological preliminary study of dog's canned food

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
S. RANTOS (Σ. ΡΑΝΤΟΣ) ◽  
L. PANTOULAS (Λ. ΠΑΝΤΟΥΛΑΣ) ◽  
I. SARAKATSIANOS (Ι. ΣΑΡΑΚΑΤΣΙΑΝΟΣ) ◽  
G. ROZOS (Γ. ΡΟΖΟΣ) ◽  
N. PAPAIOANNOU (Ν. ΠAΠΑΪΩΑNNOΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Full Agreement ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Soya Proteins ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

During this study canned food for dogs of six firms were investigated (42 samples totally). Microbiologically the following parameters were checked: the commercial sterility, the water activity (aw), the pH, the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria after incubation of tins in 25 ° C for 28 days, 32 ° C for 21 days and 55 ' C for 8 days. Histologically, the existence of different kinds of tissues was examined. Technologically Weende's analysis and separation of the tin's content were made. Toxicologically, the concentration of lead and cadmium were countered. The results showed that dog's canned food, in Greece, are supersterillised. Muscular, adipose and connective tissue are used for their production as well as byproducts and soya proteins by some firms. The results of Weende's analysis are in full agreement with the amount of nutriments that they were written on tins' labels.

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