Development of a combined BAC and BZ reactor for removal of nitrogen in wastewater from sludge drying process

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumitake Nishimura ◽  
Isao Somiya ◽  
Hiroshi Tsuno ◽  
Hideki Iwabu
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Biological Reaction ◽  
Loading Ratio ◽  
N Loading ◽  
Sludge Drying

A combined biological activated carbon (BAC) and biological zeolite (BZ) reactor is under development to remove organics and nitrogen from wastewater which contains both inhibitory organics to nitrification and high concentration of ammonium nitrogen. In this study, the combined BAC and BZ reactor was applied to treatment of scrubber-washed wastewater from sludge drying process. Successful treatment performance was accomplished by decreases in concentrations of the inhibitory organics (in BAC tank) and ammonium nitrogen (in BZ tank) occurred by both adsorption to the mediums and biological reaction. Appropriate nitrogen loading rate for fine and stable treatment was shown to be less than 7 mgNOx−-N · (gGAC · d)−1 for denitrification in BAC tank less than 4 mgHN4+-N · (gZeolite · d)−1 for nitrification in BZ tank. DOC/NOx−-N loading ratio to BAC tank is required to be more than 2.0 mgDOC · (mgNOx−-N)−1 for successful denitrification.

Study on the mutual interactions between the parameters of a CANON system and its coping strategy when operating at room temperature (15 to 25 °C) using response surface methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Guangxu Qin ◽  
Jianbing Zhang ◽  
Yancheng Li ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
N Loading

The coping strategy of a CANON (completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite) reactor working at room temperature was investigated using response surface methodology. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was taken as a dependent variable. The temperature (X), dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (Y), and influent nitrogen loading rate (Z) were taken as independent variables. Results showed that the relation of these three independent variables can be described by the TN removal efficiency expressed as −5.03 + 1.51X + 45.16Y + 30.13Z + 0.26XY + 1.84XZ − 0.04X2 − 9.06Y2 − 99.00Z2. The analysis of variance proved that the equation is applicable. The response surface demonstrated that the temperature significantly interacts with the DO concentration and influent N loading rate. A coping strategy for the CANON reactor working at room temperature is thus proposed: altering the DO concentration and the N loading rate to counterbalance the impact of low temperature. The verification test proved the strategy is viable. The TN removal efficiency was 91.3% when the reactor was operated under a temperature of 35.0 °C, a DO of 3.0 mg/L, and a N loading rate of 0.70 kgN/(m³ d). When the temperature dropped from 35.0 to 19.2 °C, the TN removal efficiency was kept at 88.7% by regulating the influent N loading rate from 0.7 kgN/(m³ d) to 0.35 kgN/(m³ d) and the DO concentration from 3.0 to 2.6 mg/L.

The effect of urinary nitrogen loading rate and a nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide emissions from a temperate grassland soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (S1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. SELBIE ◽  
K. C. CAMERON ◽  
H. J. DI ◽  
J. L. MOIR ◽  
G. J. LANIGAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
N Loading

SUMMARYNitrous oxide (N2O) emissions associated with urine nitrogen (N) deposition during grazing are a major component of greenhouse gas emissions from domestic livestock. The present study investigated the relationship between urine N loading rate and the efficacy of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), on cumulative N2O emissions from a grassland soil in Ireland over 80 and 360-day periods in 2009/10 and 2010/11. A diminishing curvilinear relationship between urine N rate and cumulative N2O emissions was observed in both years. Despite this increase in cumulative N2O emissions, the emission factor (EF3) for N2O decreased with increasing urine N rate from, on average, 0·24 to 0·10% (urine applied at 300 and 1000 kg N/ha, respectively), during an 80-day measurement period. This was probably the result of a factor other than N, such as carbon (C), limiting the production of N2O. The efficacy of DCD varied with urine N loading rate, and inter-annual variability in efficacy was also observed. Dicyandiamide was effective at reducing N2O production for 50–80 days after urine application, which accounted for the major period of elevated daily flux. However, DCD was ineffective at reducing N2O production after this period, which was likely a result of its removal from the soil via degradation and leaching.

Nitrogen removal in seawater using nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria immobilized in porous cellulose carrier

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antonina Catalan Sakairi ◽  
Kimiaki Yasuda ◽  
Masatoshi Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Element Solution ◽  
N Loading ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Trace Element Solution

Nitrogen compounds in seawater are now contributing to serious water pollution problems. In this study, continuous removal of nitrogen in seawater using nitrifiers and denitrifiers immobilized in macro-porous cellulose carrier “AQUACEL” was examined. In nitrification, the nitrite oxidation step becomes the rate limiting step unless an influent inorganic carbon (g) / influent NH4-N (g) ratio (IC/NH4-N) of 7.23 is maintained. This is equivalent to an influent alkalinity (g) / influent NH4-N (g) ratio (ALK/NH4-N) of 8.25. Nitrite oxidizers were also sensitive to change in NH4-N loading. Unlike other biological removal systems used for seawater, trace element solution (containing Mo, Cu, Mn, Co, Fe, etc.) was added only at a high NH4-N loading rate of 0.65 kg-N/m3/carrier/d (at NH4-N concentration of 40 g/m3) and acclimatizing period was short, i.e., about a week. The maximum NH4-N loading rate obtained which removed 99 to 100% of the nitrogen compounds, was 1.30 kg-N/m3/carrier/d. For completion of denitrification, an influent phosphorus (g) per influent NO3-N(g) ratio (P/NO3-N) of 0.03 was required. Trace element solution (containing Fe, Mn, Mo, etc.) was doubled to 0.02% at NO3-N concentration of 560 g/m3. In addition, methanol concentration must be maintained at 30% more of the theoretical value of carbon concentration requirements. Copper enhanced nitrite reduction at an influent Cu(g) per influent NO3-N(g) ratio (Cu/NO3-N) of 0.002. The maximum allowable NO3-N loading rate necessary to remove about 99 to 100% of the nitrogen compounds was 20.79 kg-N/m3/carrier/d. This study reveakls that the AQUACEL system has high nitrifying and denitrifying capacities. The nitrogen loading capacity of denitrification is about ten times that of nitrification and is comparable to that of freshwater which also employed the AQUACEL system. In contrast, nitrogen loading capacity of nitrification is about six times less than that of freshwater, which indicates a higher sensitivity of nitrifiers to salinity. This indficates high sensitivity of the immobilized nitrifying bacteria to salinity. Morphological observations show that the ammonia oxidizers are a mixed culture ofNitrosomonas spp . and Nitrosovibrio spp., while the nitrite oxidizer is a Nitrobacter spp. The immobilized denitrifying bacteria showed similar morphological characteristics to the Hyphomicrobium spp.

Nitrification/denitrification in swine wastewater using porous ceramic sticks with plastic rings as supporting media in two-stage fixed-biofilm reactors

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Fixed Biofilm

This study evaluated the performance of oxic-anoxic fixed-biofilm reactors (FBRs) using porous ceramic sticks with plastic rings as supporting media for nitrogen and organic carbon (as COD) removal from swine wastewater. Experimental results indicate that the removal efficiency of NH4+-N increased to 86–92% from 52–98% as the volumetric ammonium-nitrogen loading rate increased to 0.25 kg NH4+-N/m3-d from 0.082 kg NH4+-N/m3-d. Furthermore, during the denitrifying column test, the average removal efficiencies for COD and NOx-N were 83 and 76%, respectively. Only small amounts of NO2−-N and NO3−-N accumulated in the denitrifying FBR. The average values for NO2−-N and NO3−-N in effluent from denitrifying reactor were roughly 2 mg/L and 6 mg/L, respectively. Approximately 82% of NO3−-N was converted into N2 by denitrifying bacteria in the denitrifying FBR. Approximately 98–100% high removal efficiencies of NOx-N could be reached in denitrifying FBR, when the ratio of CODr/NOx-Nr was controlled at 9–12 throughout the test. Microscopic observations show that cell number on the ceramic sticks in denitrifying FBR was greater than that in nitrifying FBR in the final phase of colonization.

Factors affecting phosphorus removal in two biofilter system treating wastewater from car-washing facility

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pak ◽  
W. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biological Filter

A two-biofilter system operated under alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions was tested to remove nutrient as well as organics from wastewater generated from car-washing facility. The wastewater was characterized by relatively low organic and high phosphorus content. The factors affecting phosphorus removal in the two-biofilter system were investigated. Operational parameters examined in this study were hydraulic retention time, organic, suspended solid and nitrogen loading rate. The factors affecting phosphorus removal in biological filter appeared to be influent COD, COD/T–P, BOD/COD, nitrogen, and SS/T–P. Nitrite and nitrate produced in the biofilter in aerobic condition affected phosphorus removal by the two-biofilter system. The biomass wasted during backwash procedure also affected total phosphorus removal by the system.

scholarly journals Development of downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor as post treatment of existing combined anaerobic tank treating natural rubber processing wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Watari ◽  
Trung Cuong Mai ◽  
Daisuke Tanikawa ◽  
Yuga Hirakata ◽  
Masashi Hatamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Reactor Performance

Conventional aerated tank technology is widely applied for post treatment of natural rubber processing wastewater in Southeast Asia; however, a long hydraulic retention time (HRT) is required and the effluent standards are exceeded. In this study, a downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was installed as post treatment of anaerobic tank effluent in a natural rubber factory in South Vietnam and the process performance was evaluated. The DHS reactor demonstrated removal efficiencies of 64.2 ± 7.5% and 55.3 ± 19.2% for total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen, respectively, with an organic loading rate of 0.97 ± 0.03 kg-COD m−3 day−1 and a nitrogen loading rate of 0.57 ± 0.21 kg-N m−3 day−1. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the sludge retained in the DHS also corresponded to the result of reactor performance, and both nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were detected in the sponge carrier. In addition, anammox bacteria was found in the retained sludge. The DHS reactor reduced the HRT of 30 days to 4.8 h compared with the existing algal tank. This result indicates that the DHS reactor could be an appropriate post treatment for the existing anaerobic tank for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment.

Application of biological activated carbon anaerobic reactor for treatment of hazardous chemicals

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuno ◽  
M. Kawamura ◽  
T. Oya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor

An expanded-bed anaerobic reactor with granular activated carbon (GAC) medium has been developed to treat wastewaters that contain a high concentration of inhibitory and/or refractory organic compounds as well as readily degradable organic compounds. The process is characterised by a combination of two removal mechanisms; adsorption on GAC and biological degradation by microorganisms grown on GAC. Applicability of the reactor to treatment of phenol, chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was discussed based on experimental data. All chemicals focused on here were removed well and stably at a removal efficiency of more than 98% even during starting operation and shock load operation. Chemicals in influent that exceeded biological degradation capacity was initially adsorbed on GAC and then gradually degraded, and hence the adsorptive capacity of GAC was regenerated biologically. These results proved that a biological activated carbon anaerobic reactor was effective for treatment of wastewater containing hazardous chemicals, especially for strongly absorbable chemicals, as well as readily degradable organic compounds at high concentration.

Nitrogen removal in a combined system: vertical vegetated bed over horizontal flow sand bed

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kantawanichkul ◽  
P. Neamkam ◽  
R.B.E. Shutes
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Farm Wastewater

Pig farm wastewater creates various problems in many areas throughout Thailand. Constructed wetland systems are an appropriate, low cost treatment option for tropical countries such as Thailand. In this study, a combined system (a vertical flow bed planted with Cyperus flabelliformis over a horizontal flow sand bed without plants) was used to treat settled pig farm wastewater . This system is suitable for using in farms where land is limited. The average COD and nitrogen loading rate of the vegetated vertical flow bed were 105 g/m2.d and 11 g/m2.d respectively. The wastewater was fed intermittently at intervals of 4 hours with a hydraulic loading rate of 3.7 cm/d. The recirculation of the effluent increased total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency from 71% to 85%. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies were 95% and 98%. Nitrification was significant in vertical flow Cyperus bed, and the concentration of nitrate increased by a factor of 140. The horizontal flow sand bed enhanced COD removal and nitrate reduction was 60%. Plant uptake of nitrogen was 1.1 g N/m2.d or dry biomass production was 2.8 kg/m2 over 100 days.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document