Operational Performance of Package Sewage Treatment Plants in North West England

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Greaves ◽  
B. Thorp ◽  
R. F. Critchley
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
North West ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors

North West Water Authority owns and operates 21 rotating biological contactors and 7 package extended aeration plants. The rotating biological contactors have performed effectively, reliably and cheaply. Site visits are required up to three times a week for simple routine maintenance, whilst desludging is required periodically, typically 3 to 9 times a year. The prefabricated extended aeration plants generally perform well but typically with more demanding operational requirements and higher capital and electricity costs than rotating biological contactors. The Authority has concluded that the rotating biological contactor is the primary option for sewage treatment for small communities.

German Experiences with Sewage Treatment Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bucksteeg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Individual Solution

In Germany there are both highly industrialized regions with large towns as well as extended rural areas with small communities. Most of these communities need regular sewage disposal systems. Sewage treatment plants have to be adapted to special situations in rural villages. Ponds fulfil the requirements in an excellent way. Many hundred of ponds are in operation and three kinds of pond systems are in use:▸facultative ponds (more than 1000 plants) for serving less than about 1000 i+ie*;▸artificially aerated ponds (more than 300 plants) for treating sewage of about 1000 to 10000 i+ie especially when food industries are connected or as an individual solution for those industries;▸ponds combined with trickling filters or rotating bio-filters (more than 100 plants) as a solution for treating preferably domestic sewage from about 1000 to 4000 i+ie. Lay out, design figures, recommendations for construction and operation, effluent results anc costs are presented on the basis of experiences with numerous plants. Actual effluent results are considerably below German Effluent Quality Standards. Facultative ponds with 10 m2/ie specific surface area produce the following effluent quality: COD ≤ 90 mg/L, BODr ≤ 25 mg/L, NH4≤N = 15 mg/L, PO4-P ≤ 6 mg/L. Heavy algae blooms cause an increase of effluent concentrations: 100 µg Chlorophyll-α represent about 9 mg COD and 3 mg BOD5 on the average.

The Rhizopur® process ten years on: a green solution for sewage treatment in small communities

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1614-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Aguilera Soriano ◽  
B. Raveneau-Champion ◽  
P. Dauthuille
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Green Solution

Ten years ago the Rhizopur® process was conceived in order to treat sewage from small towns. Since 1999 when the first Rhizopur® plant was commissioned, the number of facilities has been growing steadily and today there are more than fifty Rhizopur® facilities in France. This process combines three existing technologies, i.e. biofilm, infiltration/percolation and mineralisation in constructed wetlands, to conduct both wastewater and sludge treatment in a very cost-effective fashion. A trickling filter or a rotating biological contactor is combined with constructed wetlands to produce a high quality effluent, i.e. BOD5<20 mg/l, COD<100 mg/l and TSS<30 mg/l, and to achieve high removal efficiencies, i.e. BOD5 removal >90%, COD removal >80% and TSS removal >90%. Nitrification can also be achieved by increasing the size of the trickling filter. Part of the success of this process has been its modularity and compactness that have resulted in its easiness for extension, as well as its capacity to blend with the environment. The characteristics of this process make of it an appropriate solution for sewage treatment in the developing countries. The objective of this work is to give an overview of the performance and features of this process according to the operational experience gained during the last 10 years.

Process and engineering improvements to rotating biological contactor design

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Griffin ◽  
G.E. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Rotor Design ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors

The numerous process and operational advantages of using Rotating Biological Contactors to treat the flows of sewage from small communities are well documented, but more widespread adoption of the technology has been hindered by inadequate design and engineering which has led to excessive mechanical failures. The mechanical problems have tended to be interrelated with process requirements and both required addressing before a robust design able to achieve the required performance and 20 year asset life was achieved. The performance of plants with an improved rotor design (marketed as Bistar) is compared with plants with rotors by other manufacturers and found to be comparable. M+E costs have not been shown to increase as a result of more stringent specification. Other engineering problems including stormwater separation and division of small flows have also been addressed.

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operation

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Microbial Indices

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operationThis paper reports the results of studies of microbiological changes in the water quality of the Vistula and Brda rivers after the opening of sewage treatment plants in Bydgoszcz. The study involved determining the microbiological parameters of water quality. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the quality of the water in both rivers had improved decidedly after the opening of the plants, although an increased number of individual groups of microorganisms was found at the treated sewage outlet from one of the plants.

Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Trends in Severn Sound, Georgian Bay, since the Introduction of Phosphorus Control Guidelines: Nutrients and Phytoplankton, 1973 to 1991

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Gemza
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Abstract Severn Sound continues to exhibit signs of eutrophication despite initial identification of the problem in 1969 and the construction of several sewage treatment plants since then. In general, improvements in trophic state indicators have been marginal, suggesting that the sewage treatment plants have had limited success in controlling phosphorus concentrations. These discharges likely contributed to the increased total phosphorus levels and consequently the higher phytoplankton densities of the nearshore waters. Phytoplankton biovolumes were on average one order of magnitude higher than in the open waters of Lake Huron with mean summer biovolumes as high as 8.0 mm/L. Algal biovolumes were most dense in Penetang Bay, which experienced limited exchange with the main waters of the sound. No significant long-term trends were observed. Water clarity was declining significantly, however, at a rate of -0.60 to -0.78 m/year throughout the sound except in Sturgeon Bay. Total phosphorus levels were highly variable from year to year; however, concentrations from a 20-year perspective were declining in the open waters at a rate of 0.70 µg/L/year, but response was limited in nearshore areas. In Sturgeon Bay, mean annual euphotic zone total phosphorus as well as soluble reactive phosphorus levels declined by as much as 50% following the construction of a sewage treatment plant with tertiary treatment. Phytoplankton genera typical of eutrophic waters continued to dominate the algal assemblage but members indicative of mesotrophic conditions have become apparent in some areas of the sound.

Presence of Phenolic Compounds in Sewage, Effluent and Sludge from Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
F B DeWalle ◽  
D A Kalman ◽  
R Dills ◽  
D Norman ◽  
E S K Chian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Calculated Concentration ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Dimethyl Phenol

A total of 25 municipal sewage treatment plants were sampled, 10 of which were resampled, to determine the quantity of phenolics in the sewage, final effluent and the anaerobically digested sludge using capillary GC/MS/DS/techniques. The study noted in decreasing order of frequency in raw sewage: phenol, pentachloro-phenol, dimethyl phenol, 3-methyl, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dinitro-6-methylphenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The maximum concentration of phenol in sewage and sludge was 2800 ppb and 4460 respectively, while similar values for pentachlorophenol were 58 and 1200 ppb. Statistically calculated concentration reductions for phenol and dimethyl phenol were generally greater than noted for tri- and pentachlorophenol. Low decreases or increases were noted for monochlorophenol and especially for dichlorophenol as a result of the chloronation of the final effluent.

Examples for the Upgrading of Existing Activated Sludge Plants for Nutrient Removal

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
W. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Near Future

In view of the new effluent standards in West Germany, including nitrification and phosphorus elimination, many of the existing sewage treatment plants will have to be rebuilt or expanded. Another demand which will have to be dealt with in the near future is denitrification. Under consideration of the large BOD5-loads which were taken into account when designing the plants, many of them nitrify during the summer or can be easily converted to operate with nitrification. Principles for planning the upgrading of such plants have been laid down in order to achieve the required effluent concentrations. The application of these principles is demonstrated with examples of upgraded plants.

Operation Experiences with Biological Phosphorus Removal at the Sewage Treatment Plants of Berlin (West)

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peter ◽  
F. Sarfert
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Given ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

In investigations concerning sludge bulking in Berlin enhanced biological phosphorus removal was first observed unexpectedly. Because since 1986 an officially preset limit of 2 mg TP/l must be kept in all Berlin wastewater discharges it was decided to explore the capabilities of the observed mechanism under the specific circumstances of the exciting two large treatment plants in Ruhleben (240,000 m3/d) and Marienfelde (100,000 m3/d). For this purpose some of the existing units at both plants were equipped with anaerobic zones which were generated mainly by process modifications. Additionally stage one of the Ruhleben plant was altered completely in order to investigate the combination of biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal as a special pilot study in three parallel trains. The research activities and treatment results gained in each of the two stages of the Ruhleben and in the Marienfelde plant are reported in detail. For example BOD-related phosphorus removal rates were obtained ranging from 2.3-4.5 mg TP per 100 mg BOD removed. It must be stressed that all examinations were performed on full-scale conditions. At present the given limit of 2 mg TP/l in the Ruhleben plant is met without any chemical precipitation at least on average. From the beginning biological phosphorus removal will be integrated into further projected extensions.

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