scholarly journals Virtual water trade and its implications on water sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Narayan Nishad ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Sustainability ◽  
Virtual Water Trade ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Water Scarce

Abstract Limited and declining water resources, increasing demand of water resources from different sectors has posed a major challenge for maintaining water sustainability and thus overall sustainability for a populous and water scarce country like India. Over extraction and changing climate have put additional pressure to maintain water sustainability. Therefore, there is a need of proper planning of utilization and management of water resource. Recently, virtual water trade has received much attention and become important tool for balancing the water budget. On the other hand, virtual water trade may also adversely effects on water balance of exporter's country as well as economy. Analysis of virtual water trade with its implications on water resources are missing, hence, there is a need of such analysis that will help in management of water resources. In this study an attempt is made to present a quantitative analysis of virtual water trade and its implications on water sustainability. For this study rice crop is considered only due to its characteristics as rice is major water consumer crop and water exporter crop from India.

scholarly journals Assessment of Blue and Green Virtual Water Trade: A Case Study of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Shiv Narayan Nishad ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Sustainability ◽  
Virtual Water Trade ◽  
Design For Sustainability ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact

Declining water resources and increasing demand of water for agricultural, industrial, and domestic sector and potential climate change has posed a major challenge to maintain water sustainability of a nation. There is a need to adopt long-term perspective for assessment and policy design for sustainability of primary resources like water. It is also argued that virtual water trade has raised issues of water sustainability as even small but continuous net virtual water trade may influence the water sustainability through irreversible losses. With the constraints for water sustainability, virtual water trade has received much attention in the recent years. While the impact of virtual water trade on water sustainability of virtual water exporter country is less explored and assessed. India is a major water exporting country resulted tremendous pressure on water resources that has serious threat to food security and the negative impact on development of economy and other sectors.

scholarly journals Virtual Water Trade in the Yellow River Economic Belt: A Multi-Regional Input-Output Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Qingsong Tian ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Yueyan Xu ◽  
Chongguang Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Virtual Water Trade

The sustainable and efficient use of water resources has gained wide social concern, and the key point is to investigate the virtual water trade of the water-scarcity region and optimize water resources allocation. In this paper, we apply a multi-regional input-output model to analyze patterns and the spillover risks of the interprovincial virtual water trade in the Yellow River Economic Belt, China. The results show that: (1) The agriculture and supply sector as well as electricity and hot water production own the largest total water use coefficient, being high-risk water use sectors in the Yellow River Economic Belt. These two sectors also play a major role in the inflow and outflow of virtual water; (2) The overall situation of the Yellow River Economic Belt is virtual water inflow, but the pattern of virtual water trade between eastern and western provinces is quite different. Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia belong to the virtual water net inflow area, while the virtual water net outflow regions are concentrated in Shanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Qinghai; (3) Due to higher water resource stress, Shandong and Shanxi suffer a higher cumulative risk through virtual water trade. Also, Shandong, Henan, and Inner Mongolia have a higher spillover risk to other provinces in the Yellow River Economic Belt.

Game Analysis of Virtual Water Trade under the Perspective of International Trade

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 2046-2050
Author(s):  
Chun Yue Wang ◽  
Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Virtual Water Trade ◽  
Game Analysis

As the global water resource is becoming more and more serious,a new way of solving the water resources problems with the idea of virtual water trade gains attention gradually.Using the prisoner’s dilemma in game theory model,analyzes the water resource game and international trade respectively.Combines the water resource and its security with the international trade,then build the game model of virtual water trade.Through analysis of these three games,find the water resources and the international trade game have equilibrium differences and complementarities returns,the implementation of virtual water trade will make both parties achieve even greater gains in terms of cooperation, increasing the possibility of breaking the prisoner's dilemma. Therefore,combine the water resources with the international trade will ensure a country’s water security in a larger extent and avoid producing high transfer cost and ecological destruction.

Physical Transfer of Water Versus Virtual Water Trade: Economic and Policy Considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Virtual Water Trade ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Comparative Economics ◽  
Water Scarce

This paper provides a comparative economics of physical water transfer and virtual water trade in India to deal with the problem of growing scarcity of water. This is based on a nuanced understanding of the difficulties in operationalizing the concept of virtual water trade from a regional perspective; a better appreciation of the differential economic value of water use of land-rich, water-scarce regions and land-scarce, water-rich regions; and a recognition of the various direct and indirect benefits of large water transfer projects as evident from recent empirical studies. We first attempt a comparative economics of physical water transfer (between water-rich regions of eastern India to water-scarce regions of peninsular India) and the “virtual water transfer” alternative, considering the anecdotal evidence of various direct and indirect costs and benefits. The direct costs included economic cost of infrastructure, and various damage costs and transaction costs. The indirect costs covered economic, social and environmental costs. These cost components are several and are also more pronounced for physical water transfer. The benefits considered in the analysis included direct economic benefits, and various indirect benefits that are social, economic and environmental in nature. These benefits are several and also more pronounced for physical water transfer. The analysis showed that the net benefits of physical water transfer outweigh virtual water transfer. Subsequently, the political transaction costs of executing water transfer projects were examined.

scholarly journals Virtual water evaluation for grains productsin Iran Case study: pea and bean

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Hossein Yousefi ◽  
Ali Mohammadi ◽  
Mitra Mirzaaghabeik ◽  
Younes Noorollahi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
West Azerbaijan

AbstractShortage of water is considered as one of the most important straits of agricultural development in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to determine virtual water used to pea and bean production and water use efficiency, select the best area for cultivating these two grains and find the virtual water budget for the aforementioned grains. The results showed that among the three provinces main producers of pea in Iran, the highest virtual water of pea belongs to Lorestan with 3534 dm3·kg−1 and the lowest belongs to West Azerbaijan with 2660 dm3·kg−1 in irrigated cultivation. Water use efficiency in irrigated cultivation in Kermanshah and West Azerbaijan are at the same level; however, Kermanshah has enjoyed much more level of virtual water. For beans, the highest amount of virtual water in irrigated cultivation belongs to Lorestan (3651 dm3·kg−1) and the lowest amount refers to Markazi (2725 dm3·kg−1) and also the highest level of water use efficiency for this product refers to Markazi. Also it was found that 160.15 mln m3 of water has been exported from the country water resources by these products so virtual water budget for studied crops were negative.

scholarly journals Analyses of impacts of China's international trade on its water resources and uses

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3543-3570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Zhang ◽  
H. Yang ◽  
M. J. Shi ◽  
A. J. B. Zehnder ◽  
K. C. Abbaspour
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Uses

Abstract. This study provides an insight into the impact of China's international trade of goods and services on its water resources and uses. Virtual water flows associated with China's international trade are quantified in an input-output framework. The analysis is scaled down to the sectoral and provincial levels to trace the origins and destinations of virtual water flows associated with the international trade. The results reveal that China is a net virtual water exporter of 4.7 × 1010 m3 year−1, accounting for 2.1% of its total water resources and 8.9% of the total water use. Water scarce regions tend to have higher percentages of virtual water export relative to their water resources and water uses. In the water scarce Huang-Huai-Hai region, the net virtual water export accounts for 7.9% of the region's water resources and 11.2% of its water uses. For individual sectors, major net virtual water exporters are those where agriculture provides raw materials in the initial process of the production chain and/or pollution intensity is high. The results suggest that China's economic gains from being a world "manufacture factory" have come at a high cost to its water resources and through pollution to its environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document