scholarly journals Chlorination contributes to multi-antibiotic resistance in a pilot-scale water distribution system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmei Li ◽  
Shuting Zhang ◽  
Lizheng Guo ◽  
Lihua Chen ◽  
Zhisheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Community Shift

Abstract The generation and dissemination of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment has become a critical risk to human health. This study is based on a pilot-scale simulated water distribution system to understand the effects of chlorine disinfection treatment (without free chlorine) on ARB and ARGs in biofilms. The hydraulic parameters and pipe materials of the system were simulated based on a drinking water system. The results of the colony counts showed that bacterial multi-antibiotic resistance could be enhanced 13-fold in the biofilms of pipeline. The use of high-throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) indicated that the total relative abundance of ARGs in biofilm samples increased significantly (p < 0.05), while the diversity of bacteria was shown to be reduced via taxonomic analysis of the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA. The prominent types of ARGs were conferred resistance by aminoglycoside and β-lactam after the chlorine disinfection treatment, and antibiotic deactivation was the main mechanism. Phyla Proteobacteria had the highest abundance in both treatment and control groups but decreased from 70.81% (initial biofilm sample) to 26.09% (the 6th month biofilm sample) in the treatment groups. The results show that the chlorine disinfection plays a role in the risk of development of bacteria antibiotic resistance in pipe networks owing to bacteria in biofilms. This study was the first to investigate the contribution of chlorination without free chlorine to the bacterial community shift and resistome alteration in biofilms at a pilot test level.

scholarly journals Microbial Biofilm Diversity and Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Drinking Water Distribution System of Peshawar, Pakistan

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Habib Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Faizan Saleem ◽  
Taj Ali ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Azim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

The occurrence of microbial communities harboring antibiotic resistance bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in the drinking water distribution system pose a significant threat to the aquatic ecosystem and to public health, especially in developing countries. In this study, we have used next-generation sequencing technology to explore bacterial community diversity and the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in biofilms collected from the drinking water distribution system of Peshawar, the capital city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The results showed that Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla (89.79%) in all biofilm samples, followed by Bacteroidetes (3.48%) and Actinobacteria (2.79%). At genus level, Pseudomonas was the most common (22.45%) in all biofilm samples. Overall, bacterial diversity and richness was higher in biofilm samples collected from the consumer end than the source site. Bacterial diversity was also dependent on the piping material (GI vs. PVC) and water supply (direct vs. indirect). Functional annotation reveals a differential abundance of common metabolic pathways at source and consumer end. Resistome analysis revealed a prevalence of resistance genes against 12 classes of antibiotics in all samples with macrolides resistance being the commonest at the consumer end (42.1%) and fluoroquinolone resistance at the source end (24%). To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides new insight and evidence into the microbial community diversity and antibiotic resistance in the drinking water supply system of Peshawar. These findings may ultimately help the authorities to design and implement effective strategies for controlling biofilms and ensuring a continuous supply of safe drinking water to the community.

Microbiological safety of a small water distribution system: evaluating potentially pathogenic bacteria using advanced sequencing techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Batista ◽  
P. Meynet ◽  
G. P. P. Garcia ◽  
S. A. V. Costa ◽  
J. C. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Intermediate Point ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
The City

Abstract This study evaluated the microbiological safety of the water distribution system of a city in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), population 120,000 inhabitants. During the study, the city suffered a severe drought that had a significant impact on water availability and quality in the river that supplies water to the city. Samples (2 liters) were collected from the distribution system over a period of six months, which included wet and dry months, from three points: the point with the lowest altitude in the distribution network, the farthest point from the water treatment works, and an intermediate point. Free chlorine was measured in situ using a Hach kit. DNA was extracted using a FastDNA Spin Kit Soil (Qbiogene). Advanced sequencing techniques (Ion Torrent) were used to identify and quantify the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria present in the samples. Coliforms and Escherichia coli, indicators currently used worldwide to assess microbiological safety of drinking water, were measured on all samples using an enzyme substrate method (ONPG-MUG Colilert®). Next generation sequencing results retrieved 16SrRNA sequences of E. coli and some potentially pathogenic bacteria, even in the presence of free chlorine. Operational taxonomic units related to pathogenic bacteria were present in all samples from the drinking water distribution system (DWS) and, in general, at high relative abundance (up to 5%). A total of 19 species related to bacterial pathogens were detected. Inadequate operational practices that could affect the microbiological safety of the DWS were identified and discussed. The current paper is the first to evaluate the community of potentially pathogenic bacteria in a real DWS.

scholarly journals Energy savings using biofuel in a developing-country water distribution system

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1554-1563
Author(s):  
Alexandra Archer ◽  
Brian D. Barkdoll
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
The People ◽  
Mechanical Press ◽  
Water Pumps ◽  
Energy Dependent

Abstract The practical energy minimization algorithm (EMA) is introduced here to determine if a water distribution system (WDS) can be less energy dependent. The EMA is a simple algorithm that can be used by practitioners in the planning and management of WDS. The EMA employs the Jatropha Curcas (JC) tree as a source of oil for fueling water pumps. The EMA is demonstrated on a WDS in Senegal, West Africa, and calculates the level of JC production required to be self-sufficient in fueling the water system to meet drinking, sanitation, and JC irrigation requirements. It was found that the EMA successfully showed that the demonstration WDS can be energy self-sufficient to provide recommended amounts of drinking water for the people and enough irrigation for the JC trees, but only if greywater was used to supplement the irrigation and if a mechanical press was used in lieu of a hand press to extract the oil from the JC leaves. An adequate amount of oil was thus produced to power the required mechanical press as well. Payback periods of significantly less than the life of the required equipment indicate the viability of JC oil as fuel and the feasibility of having an energy independent WDS.

Factors affecting the formation of DBPs by chlorine disinfection in water distribution system

2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Kejia Zhang ◽  
Chungen Qiu ◽  
Anhong Cai ◽  
Jing Deng ◽  
Xueyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Two Sphingopyxis sp. Strains, Dominant Members of the Bacterial Community Associated with a Drinking Water Distribution System Simulator

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Gomez-Alvarez ◽  
Stacy Pfaller ◽  
Randy P. Revetta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

We report the draft genomes of two Sphingopyxis sp. strains isolated from a chloraminated drinking water distribution system simulator. Both strains are ubiquitous residents and early colonizers of water distribution systems. Genomic annotation identified a class 1 integron ( intI1 ) gene associated with sulfonamide ( sul1 ) and puromycin ( pac ) antibiotic resistance genes.

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