scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of sediment yield with a physically based model for a data-scarce headwater in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihangir Koycegiz ◽  
Meral Buyukyildiz ◽  
Serife Yurdagul Kumcu
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Closed Basin ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Sediment Data ◽  
Semi Empirical

Abstract There are many empirical, semi-empirical and mathematical methods that have been developed to estimate sediment yield by researchers. In the last decades, the advancement in computer technologies has increased the use of mathematical models as they can solve the system more rapidly and accurately. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one of the physically based hydrological models that is preferred to compute sediment yield. In this study, spatial and temporal analysis of sediment yield in the Çarşamba Stream located at the Konya Closed Basin has been investigated using the SWAT model. Streamflow and sediment data collected during the 2003–2015 time period have been used in the analysis. Consequently, the SWAT presented satisfactory results compared with R2 = 0.68, Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0.68 in calibration and R2 = 0.76, NSE = 0.66 in validation. According to the model results, spatial asymmetry in terms of sediment yield was determined in the sub-basins of the study area.

Sediment Yield Simulation Using SWAT Model for Water Environmental Protection in an Agricultural Watershed

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 1894-1898
Author(s):  
Kai Xu ◽  
Hui Qing Peng ◽  
De Ge Ji Rifu ◽  
Rui Xin Zhang ◽  
Hao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Validation Period ◽  
Sediment Data ◽  
Water Assessment

Soil erosion in a catchment has becoming a serious environmental issue for an increasing damage to the surface ecological environment. To quantitatively simulate the sediment yield, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was introduced in Tao River Basin. The investigation was conducted using a 8-year historical observed sediment data from 2001 to 2008. The performance evaluation shows that the simulated monthly sediment yield matched the observed data satisfactorily, with Re was less than 15%, R2 > 0.9 and Nash-suttclife (Ens)>0.8 for both calibration (2001-2004) and validation period (2005-2008) at two observed stations, indicating the validity of SWAT model for sediment yield simulation in the study area. The results of this study can be helpful for solving the soil erosion issue for water environmental protection.

scholarly journals Calibration of SWAT and Two Data-Driven Models for a Data-Scarce Mountainous Headwater in Semi-Arid Konya Closed Basin

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihangir Koycegiz ◽  
Meral Buyukyildiz
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Closed Basin ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Validation Stage

Hydrologic models are important tools for the successful management of water resources. In this study, a semi-distributed soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model is used to simulate streamflow at the headwater of Çarşamba River, located at the Konya Closed Basin, Turkey. For that, first a sequential uncertainty fitting-2 (SUFI-2) algorithm is employed to calibrate the SWAT model. The SWAT model results are also compared with the results of the radial-based neural network (RBNN) and support vector machines (SVM). The SWAT model performed well at the calibration stage i.e., determination coefficient (R2) = 0.787 and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) = 0.779, and relatively lower values at the validation stage i.e., R2 = 0.508 and NSE = 0.502. Besides, the data-driven models were more successful than the SWAT model. Obviously, the physically-based SWAT model offers significant advantages such as performing a spatial analysis of the results, creating a streamflow model taking into account the environmental impacts. Also, we show that SWAT offers the ability to produce consistent solutions under varying scenarios whereas it requires a large number of inputs as compared to the data-driven models.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽  
Konrad Miegel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Soil And Water

Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.

scholarly journals Estimating sediment yield at Kaduna watershed, Nigeria using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model

Heliyon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e02106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daramola ◽  
T.M. Ekhwan ◽  
J. Mokhtar ◽  
K.C. Lam ◽  
G.A. Adeogun
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

scholarly journals A New Physically-Based Spatially-Distributed Groundwater Flow Module for SWAT+

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Bailey ◽  
Katrin Bieger ◽  
Jeffrey G. Arnold ◽  
David D. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Groundwater Head ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Modeling Code

Watershed models are used worldwide to assist with water and nutrient management under conditions of changing climate, land use, and population. Of these models, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and SWAT+ are the most widely used, although their performance in groundwater-driven watersheds can sometimes be poor due to a simplistic representation of groundwater processes. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new physically-based spatially-distributed groundwater flow module called gwflow for the SWAT+ watershed model. The module is embedded in the SWAT+ modeling code and is intended to replace the current SWAT+ aquifer module. The model accounts for recharge from SWAT+ Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs), lateral flow within the aquifer, Evapotranspiration (ET) from shallow groundwater, groundwater pumping, groundwater–surface water interactions through the streambed, and saturation excess flow. Groundwater head and groundwater storage are solved throughout the watershed domain using a water balance equation for each grid cell. The modified SWAT+ modeling code is applied to the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) (327 km2) in southern Georgia, USA for demonstration purposes. Using the gwflow module for the LREW increased run-time by 20% compared to the original SWAT+ modeling code. Results from an uncalibrated model are compared against streamflow discharge and groundwater head time series. Although further calibration is required if the LREW model is to be used for scenario analysis, results highlight the capabilities of the new SWAT+ code to simulate both land surface and subsurface hydrological processes and represent the watershed-wide water balance. Using the modified SWAT+ model can provide physically realistic groundwater flow gradients, fluxes, and interactions with streams for modeling studies that assess water supply and conservation practices. This paper also serves as a tutorial on modeling groundwater flow for general watershed modelers.

SWAT-based sediment yield simulation with mining land-use change scenario in Lanuza Bay, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jeffrey Maloles ◽  
Adonis Gallentes ◽  
Cesar Villanoy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Mining Operations

<p>The Philippines is known for its rich marine biodiversity and is deemed as the apex of the world’s coral triangle. However, sediment yield studies and river discharge measurements in the country are sparse if not non-existent. High sediment rates have detrimental effects on water quality and consequently to coral reef health and marine biodiversity. Thus, modeling of runoff and sediment yield at a watershed level is important in assessing coral community environments.</p><p>In this study, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) based sediment yield simulation was done for Lanuza Bay-- a site with high productivity but increasing mining activity. Two simulations were conducted. The first utilized a land-use map before January 2011 and was made to run from January 1998 to August 2018 in order to simulate a scenario in which mining operations did not occur in the area. The second simulation utilized an updated land-use map that incorporated mining sites from January 2011 to August 2018.</p><p>SWAT model results indicate that slope class was the primary determinant of erosion rates (slope band > 20%). The study suggests that consecutive precipitation occurrences affected soil erodability and induced a time lag between precipitation and sediment yield peaks. The highest contributors to sediment yield at a sub-basin level were identified to be areas adjacent to or coinciding in mining or excavation sites. Comparing the scenarios with and without mining, mining contributed to 4% of the increase in the watershed’s total annual sediment yield.</p><p>Qualitative and historical validation shows reasonable agreement between simulated values and satellite images. The output of this study can be used as a science-based reference in crafting laws and policies for land-use management and Marine Protected Area (MPA) planning.</p>

scholarly journals Streamflow and Sediment Yield Prediction for Watershed Prioritization in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebiaw Ayele ◽  
Engidasew Teshale ◽  
Bofu Yu ◽  
Ian Rutherfurd ◽  
Jaehak Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Land Management Practice ◽  
Shallow Groundwater Table

Inappropriate use of land and poor ecosystem management have accelerated land degradation and reduced the storage capacity of reservoirs. To mitigate the effect of the increased sediment yield, it is important to identify erosion-prone areas in a 287 km2 catchment in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the spatial variability of sediment yield; (2) quantify the amount of sediment delivered into the reservoir; and (3) prioritize sub-catchments for watershed management using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using SUFI-2, GLUE, ParaSol, and PSO SWAT-CUP optimization algorithms. For most of the SWAT-CUP simulations, the observed and simulated river discharge were not significantly different at the 95% level of confidence (95PPU), and sources of uncertainties were captured by bracketing more than 70% of the observed data. This catchment prioritization study indicated that more than 85% of the sediment was sourced from lowland areas (slope range: 0–8%) and the variation in sediment yield was more sensitive to the land use and soil type prevailing in the area regardless of the terrain slope. Contrary to the perception of the upland as an important source of sediment, the lowland in fact was the most important source of sediment and should be the focus area for improved land management practice to reduce sediment delivery into storage reservoirs. The research also showed that lowland erosion-prone areas are typified by extensive agriculture, which causes significant modification of the landscape. Tillage practice changes the infiltration and runoff characteristics of the land surface and interaction of shallow groundwater table and saturation excess runoff, which in turn affects the delivery of water and sediment to the reservoir and catchment evapotranspiration.

The Impacts of Land-Use Change Patterns on Soil Erosion in the Xixian Basin, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 762-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Han ◽  
Tao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
Soil And Water

To investigate the impacts of land-use patterns on the sediment yield characteristics in the upper Huaihe River, Xixian hydrological controlling station was selected as the case study site. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate land-use change effects on sediment yield by the use of three-phase (1980s, 1990s and 2000s) land-use maps, soil type map (1:200000) and 1987 to 2008 daily time series of rainfall from the upper Huaihe River basin. On the basis of the simulated time series of daily sediment concentration, land-use change effects on spatio-temporal change patterns of soil erosion modulus. The results revealed that under the same condition of soil texture and terrain slope the advantage for sediment yield was descended by woodland, paddy field and farmland. The outputs of the paper could provide references for soil and water conservation and river health protection in the upper stream of Huaihe River.

scholarly journals An Alternative Empirical Model to Estimate Watershed Sediment Yield Based on Hydrology and Geomorphology of the Basin in Data-Scarce Rift Valley Lake Regions, Ethiopia

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Alemu O. Aga ◽  
Assefa M. Melesse ◽  
Bayou Chane
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
Sediment Flow ◽  
Sediment Data

Physical-based soil erosion models are playing an important role in the assessment of soil erosion, transportation, and deposition in the watershed. Most of these models were developed for data-rich areas of the world and they need a measured data to calibrate and validate their results. To apply such physical-based models, the main factor hindering is the lack of measured sediment data. The amount of sediment in the fluvial systems is the result of hydro-geomorphological processes of a watershed and the nature of stream flows. Therefore, this study aims to develop an alternative empirical model that generates the observed sediment data based on the hydro-geomorphology and nature of stream flows for Ziway Lake basin in the rift Valley of Ethiopia. By applying Soil and water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the lake basin was divided in to two sub-basins (Maki and Katar) with 26 of the watersheds within Maki. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated for both stream and sediment flow by using SUFI-2 program and its performance was assessed by using model evaluation statistics. With calibrated sediment flow rates of 26 Maki sub basins, an empirical model was developed by using its respective drainage area, average sub-basins slope, surface runoff, soil erodibility factor, stream flow rate, and average rive slopes. The applicability of the newly developed alternative model was tested by using model evaluation statistics and validated inside of Katar sub-basin. It is recommended to test the developed model in other basins to incorporate with SWAT CUP program to calibrate and validate the sediment yield at data scared area.

scholarly journals Modeling the Hydrological Characteristics of Hangar Watershed, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdata Galata
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Elevation Model

Modelling the hydrological characteristics of watershed is a method of understanding behavior and simulating the water balance components of watershed for planning and development of integrated water resources management. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) physically based hydrological modelling was used for modelling hydrologic characteristics of the Hangar watershed. The data used for this study were digital elevation model (DEM), land use land cover data, soil map, climatological and hydrological data. The model calibrated and validated using measured streamflow data of 13 years (1990-2002) and 9 years (2003-2011) respectively including warm-up period. The SWAT model performs well for both calibration (R2 = 0.87, NSE = 0.82 and PBIAS = +1.4) and validation (R2 = 0.89, NSE = 0.88 and PBIAS = +1.2). The sensitivity analysis, which was carried out using 18 SWAT parameters, identified the 13 most sensitive parameters controlling the output variable and with which goodness-of-fit was reached. The analysis results indicated that the watershed receives around, 9.6%, 59.9%, and 30.5% precipitation during dry, wet and short rainy seasons respectively. The received precipitation was lost by 9.6 %, 40.5%, and 41.3% in the form of evapotranspiration for each seasons correspondingly. The surface runoff contribution to the Watershed were 3.8%, and 79.2% during dry and wet seasons respectively, whereas, it contributes by 17.0% during short rainy seasons.

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