scholarly journals Effect of pH on nutrient removal and crop production of hydroponic systems treating brewery effluent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Taylor ◽  
Clifford L. W. Jones ◽  
Mark Laing
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Brewery Effluent

Abstract The use of a crop to remove nutrients from brewery effluent and the influence of pH on these removal rates was evaluated. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) was grown in recirculating hydroponic systems fed with post-anaerobically digested brewery effluent (BE) either subject to pH adjustment (6.5–7.0) or unaltered pH (8.0–8.5). These were compared with cabbages grown in water only and in a inorganic fertiliser nutrient solution (NS). Hydroponic systems fed with pH adjusted BE removed significantly more nitrogen and phosphorus than systems fed with pH unadjusted BE (p < 0.05). The final weight of cabbages from the pH adjusted BE systems were 6.7 times greater than cabbages from the pH unadjusted BE systems, whereas pH adjustment had no influence on cabbage weight in the water-only and NS treatments. Anaerobically digested BE that is not pH adjusted is not a suitable water and nutrient source for the hydroponic production of cabbages. However, pH adjustment of BE renders it more suitable for hydroponic crop production with hydroponic systems decreasing dissolved inorganic nitrogen, ammonium, phosphate and chemical oxygen demand concentrations by 72.8, 31.8, 98.5 and 51.0%, respectively. Hydroponic systems can be used to treat post-anaerobically digested BE to a similar standard obtained by conventional activated sludge treatment system.

scholarly journals Environmental water quality assessment in Guaratuba bay, state of Paraná, southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byanka Damian Mizerkowski ◽  
Eunice da Costa Machado ◽  
Nilva Brandini ◽  
Mariana Gallucci Nazario ◽  
Kleber Vieira Bonfim
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Heterotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Phase Variations

An environmental assessment of the estuarine waters of Guaratuba bay, Paraná State, Brazil, is provided through the analysis of physical-chemical, biological and hydrographic dynamics. Twelve stations with a bi-monthly frequency (from October/2002 until August/2003) were sampled during spring and neap tides for the determination of pH, Secchi depth, CO2 saturation, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter and dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate). Based on the evaluation of six parameters (chlorophyll, Secchi depth, CO2 saturation, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and dissolved oxygen), Guaratuba Bay shows a low to medium trophic status, i.e. from meso- to oligotrophic, and a predominant heterotrophic metabolism, meaning that respiration overcomes primary production. Horizontal stratification was observed during the rainy season, while during the dry season the system showed more homogeneous conditions. Inorganic and/or organic matter in Guaratuba Bay seem to be controlled mainly by the seasonality of precipitation and/ also by ebb and flood tidal phase variations.

scholarly journals Removal of biological organics in high-salinity wastewater produced from methylcellulose production and subsequent changes in the microbial community

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 200187-0
Author(s):  
GueSoo Jo ◽  
SeongWan Hong ◽  
HyunGu Kim ◽  
Zhuliping ◽  
DaeHee Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Community Change ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Removal

The wastewater generated in methylcellulose (MC) production is characterized by high salinity and pH due to the residual sodium and chlorine separated from the methyl group. It is difficult to treat wastewater using the conventional activated sludge method because the high concentration of salt interferes with the microbial activity. This study confirms the biological removal of organic matter from MC wastewater using sludge dominated by Halomonas spp., a halophilic microorganism. The influent was mixed with MC wastewater and epichlorohydrin (ECH) wastewater in a 1:9 ratio and operated using a sequencing batch reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 27.8 d based on the MC wastewater. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased from 80.4% to 93.5%, and removal efficiency had improved by adding nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the wastewater. In terms of microbial community change, Halomonas spp. decreased from 43.26% to 0.11%, whereas Marinobacter spp. and Methylophaga spp. increased from 0.50% to 15.12% and 7.51%, respectively.

Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutrient Removal

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rabinowitz ◽  
T. D. Vassos ◽  
R. N. Dawson ◽  
W. K. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

A brief review of recent developments in biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology is presented. Guidelines are outlined of how current understanding of these two removal mechanisms can be applied in the upgrading of existing wastewater treatment plants for biological nutrient removal. A case history dealing with the upgrading of the conventional activated sludge process located at Penticton, British Columbia, to a biological nutrient removal facility with a design flow of 18,200 m3/day (4.0 IMGD) is presented as a design example. Process components requiring major modification were the headworks, bioreactors and sludge handling facilities.

High rate and compact single sludge pre-denitrification process for retrofit

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyshi Emori ◽  
Hiroki Nakamura ◽  
Tatsuo Sumino ◽  
Tadashi Takeshima ◽  
Katsuzo Motegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Denitrification Process

For the sewage treatment plants near rivers and closed water bodies in urbanized areas in Japan and European countries, there is a growing demand for introduction of advanced treatment processes for nitrogen and phosphorus from the viewpoints of water quality conservation and environmental protection. In order to remove nitrogen by the conventional biological treatment techniques, it is necessary to make a substantial expansion of the facility as compared with the conventional activated sludge process. In such urbanized districts, it is difficult to secure a site and much capital is required to expand the existing treatment plant. To solve these problems, a compact single sludge pre-denitrification process using immobilized nitrifiers was developed. Dosing the pellets, which are suitable for nitrifiers growth and physically durable, into the nitrification tank of single sludge pre-denitrification process made it possible to perform simultaneous removal of BOD and nitrogen in a retention time equal to that in the conventional activated sludge process even at the low water temperature of about 10 °C. The 3,000 m3/d full-scale conventional activated sludge plant was retrofitted and has been successfully operated.

scholarly journals LED Lighting and High-Density Planting Enhance the Cost-Efficiency of Halimione portulacoides Extraction Units for Integrated Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4995
Author(s):  
Marco Custódio ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Sebastián Villasante ◽  
Ricardo Calado ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
Halimione Portulacoides ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Aquaculture Effluents

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that can be used to extract dissolved inorganic nutrients from saline aquaculture effluents under a production framework commonly known as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (common name: sea purslane) is an edible saltmarsh halophyte traditionally consumed by humans living near coastal wetlands and is considered a promising extractive species for IMTA. To better understand its potential for IMTA applications, the present study investigates how artificial lighting and plant density affect its productivity and capacity to extract nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic conditions that mimic aquaculture effluents. Plant growth was unaffected by the type of artificial lighting employed—white fluorescent lights vs. blue-white LEDs—but LED systems were more energy-efficient, with a 17% reduction in light energy costs. Considering planting density, high-density units of 220 plants m−2 produced more biomass per unit of area (54.0–56.6 g m−2 day−1) than did low-density units (110 plants m−2; 34.4–37.1 g m−2 day−1) and extracted more dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, H. portulacoides can be easily cultivated hydroponically using nutrient-rich saline effluents, where LEDs can be employed as an alternative to fluorescent lighting and high-density planting can promote higher yields and extraction efficiencies.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Technological Reliability of Contaminant Removal in Household WWTPs with Activated Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Micek ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Agnieszka Listosz ◽  
Tadeusz Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Polish Law

The results of research on the efficiency and technological reliability of domestic wastewater purification in two household wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with activated sludge are presented in this paper. The studied facilities were located in the territory of the Roztocze National Park (Poland). The mean wastewater flow rate in the WWTPs was 1.0 and 1.6 m3/day. In 2017–2019, 20 series of analyses were done, and 40 wastewater samples were taken. On the basis of the received results, the efficiency of basic pollutant removal was determined. The technological reliability of the tested facilities was specified using the Weibull method. The average removal efficiencies for the biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 66–83% and 62–65%, respectively. Much lower effects were obtained for total suspended solids (TSS) and amounted to 17–48%, while the efficiency of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) removal did not exceed 34%. The analyzed systems were characterized by the reliability of TSS, BOD5, and COD removal at the level of 76–96%. However, the reliability of TN and TP elimination was less than 5%. Thus, in the case of biogenic compounds, the analyzed systems did not guarantee that the quality of treated wastewater would meet the requirements of the Polish law during any period of operation. This disqualifies the discussed technological solution in terms of its wide application in protected areas and near lakes, where the requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus removal are high.

scholarly journals Feedback Regulation between Aquatic Microorganisms and the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Tao Lu ◽  
Hans W. Paerl ◽  
Yiling Chen ◽  
Zhenyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coculture System ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Aquatic Microorganisms

ABSTRACT The frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing worldwide. Interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and aquatic microorganisms need to be critically evaluated to understand microbial drivers and modulators of the blooms. In this study, we applied 16S/18S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analyses to measure the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in a coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to representative concentrations in Lake Taihu, China. M. aeruginosa secreted alkaline phosphatase using a DIP source produced by moribund and decaying microorganisms when the P source was insufficient. During this process, M. aeruginosa accumulated several intermediates in energy metabolism pathways to provide energy for sustained high growth rates and increased intracellular sugars to enhance its competitive capacity and ability to defend itself against microbial attack. It also produced a variety of toxic substances, including microcystins, to inhibit metabolite formation via energy metabolism pathways of aquatic microorganisms, leading to a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Overall, compared with the monoculture system, the growth of M. aeruginosa was accelerated in coculture, while the growth of some cooccurring microorganisms was inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. These findings provide valuable information for clarifying how M. aeruginosa can potentially modulate its associations with other microorganisms, with ramifications for its dominance in aquatic ecosystems. IMPORTANCE We measured the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa in a microcosm coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to the average concentrations in Lake Taihu. In the coculture system, DIP is depleted and the growth and production of aquatic microorganisms can be stressed by a lack of DIP availability. M. aeruginosa could accelerate its growth via interactions with specific cooccurring microorganisms and the accumulation of several intermediates in energy metabolism-related pathways. Furthermore, M. aeruginosa can decrease the carbohydrate metabolism of cooccurring aquatic microorganisms and thus disrupt microbial activities in the coculture. This also had a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Microcystin was capable of decreasing the biomass of total phytoplankton in aquatic microcosms. Overall, compared to the monoculture, the growth of total aquatic microorganisms is inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. The only exception is M. aeruginosa in the coculture system, whose growth was accelerated.

Long-term effect of cropping system and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on production and nitrogen economy of grain crops in a Brown Chernozem

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Yield ◽  
P Fertilizer

Assessment of the long-term impact of fertilizers and other management factors on crop production and environmental sustainability of cropping systems in the semi-arid Canadian prairies is needed. This paper discusses the long-term influence of N and P fertilizers on crop production, N uptake and water use of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and the effect of the preceding crop type [flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and fall rye (Secale cereale L.)] on wheat grown on a medium-textured, Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. We analysed 36 yr of results (1967–2002) from eight crop rotation-fertility treatments: viz., fallow-wheat receiving N and P (F-W, N + P), three F-W-W treatments fertilized with (i) N + P, (ii) P only, and (iii) N only; two other 3-yr mixed rotations with N + P (i) F-flax-W (F-Flx-W) and (ii) F-fall rye-W (F-Rye-W); and two continuous wheat rotations (Cont W), one receiving N + P and the other only P. Growing season weather conditions during the 36-yr period were near the long-term mean, but the first 22 yr were generally drier than normal while the last 14 yr (1989–2002) had average to above-average growing conditions. This was partly responsible for grain and N yield being greater in the latter period than in the first 22 yr. The 36-yr average response of wheat grown on fallow to P fertilizer was 339 kg ha-1, while the response to N fertilizer over this period was only 123 kg ha-1. The 36-yr average response of wheat grown on stubble to N was 344 kg ha-1 for F-W-(W) and 393 kg ha-1 for Cont W. Neither flax nor fall rye influenced the yield response of the following wheat crops. Annualized grain production for F-W (N + P), F-W-W (+ N) and F-W-W (+ P) rotations were similar (1130 kg ha-1 yr-1); this was about 15% lower than for F-W-W (N + P), 40% lower than for Cont W (N + P), and 5% lower than for Cont W (+ P). Annualized aboveground N yield for Cont W (N + P) was 57% higher than for Cont W (+ P). Regressions were developed relating straw to grain yields for wheat, flax and fall rye. The amount of NO3-N left in the soil was directly related to amount of N applied and inversely to N removed in the crop. Thus, F-(W)-W (+ N) left about 28% more NO3-N in the rooting zone than F-(W)-W (N + P), while F-W-(W) (N + P) left 20% more than F-W-(W) (+ P), and Cont W (N + P) left 39% more than Cont W (+ P). F-Rye-W (N + P) left much less NO3-N in the soil than any other fallow-containing system and similar amounts to Cont W (N + P). Key words: Yields, grain protein, N and P fertilizer, straw/grain regressions, water use, soil nitrate

Bacterioplankton, Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Lake Before and After Nutrient Reduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joan Hardy ◽  
Ken S. Shortreed ◽  
John G. Stockner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations

Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied weekly during the growing season from 1980 to 1982 and twice weekly in 1983 to Hobiton Lake, a warm monomictic coastal lake in British Columbia. The lake was not fertilized in 1984. Average numbers of bacteria during the growing season decreased from a high of 1.53 × 106∙mL−1 in the fertilized condition to 0.84 × 106∙mL−1 in the unfertilized condition. Chlorophyll a concentrations decreased from a maximum seasonal average of 2.69 μg∙L−1 (1981) to 1.30 μg∙L−1 (1984), and algal numbers decreased from 5.83 × 104∙mL−1 (1983) to 2.29 × 104∙mL−1 (1984). Although the numbers of phytoplankton in each size fraction (picoplankton, nanoplankton, or microplankton) decreased in the unfertilized condition, the greatest change was an almost fourfold decrease in picoplankton, which consisted of 90% cyanobacteria (primarily Synechococcus spp.). Abundance of the large diatoms Rhizosolenia spp. and Melosira spp. increased in 1984, resulting in an increase in average seasonal algal volume. Average densities of medium (0.15–0.84 mm) and large (0.85–1.5 mm) zooplankton were greatest in 1982, while rotifers and small zooplankton (0.10–0.14 mm) were most dense in 1984 following nutrient reduction. The lake had relatively high concentrations of planktivorous juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that appeared to minimize any direct effect of nutrient additions on zooplankton densities.

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