scholarly journals Recovery of zinc from electroplating wastewater using green emulsion liquid membrane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rajasimman ◽  
N. Rajamohan ◽  
S. Sujatha
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Maximum Extraction ◽  
External Ph

Abstract In this research study, removal of zinc ions from the industrial wastewater was investigated using green emulsion liquid membrane technology. The liquid membrane was prepared by using waste cooking oil along with the surfactant, SPAN 80 and the internal phase, sulfuric acid. The extraction percentage of zinc increased with the increase in concentration of surfactant. The response surface methodology (RSM) analysis identified that the optimal variable values for the maximum extraction of zinc were: external pH – 3.8, surfactant concentration 4% (vol.), internal phase concentration – 1.61N, zinc concentration – 742 mg/L, external phase to emulsion volume ratio – 0.94 and carrier concentration – 8.9%. At the optimized conditions experiment was carried out and the maximum extraction was found to be 97.4%. The perturbation plot shows that the extraction of zinc was affected by variables in the following order of effect: zinc concentration > surfactant concentration > carrier concentration > external pH > external phase to emulsion volume ratio > internal phase concentration.

CADMIUM REMOVAL USING VEGETABLE OIL BASED EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE (ELM): MEMBRANE BREAKAGE INVESTIGATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Ahmad ◽  
M. M. H. Shah Buddin ◽  
B. S. Ooi ◽  
Adhi Kusumastuti
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Span 80

The aim of this research is to quantify the occurrence of membrane breakage in vegetable oil based Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM). Basically, ELM consists of three main phases; internal, external and membrane. In this work, the membrane phase was prepared by dissolving Span 80 as surfactant and Aliquat 336 as carrier in commercial grade corn oil. As a way to promote sustainable development, vegetable oil which is environmentally benign diluent was incorporated in the formulation of ELM. The influence of several important parameters towards membrane breakage were studied. They are carrier and surfactant concentration, W/O volume ratio, emulsification time, internal phase concentration as well as stirring speed. Based on the data obtained, emulsion prepared using 4 wt% Aliquat 336 and 3 wt% Span 80 resulted in the most stable emulsion with only 0.05% membrane breakage. The emulsion was produced using W/O volume ratio of 1/3 and it was homogenized with the assistance of ultrasound for 15 min. Moreover, emulsion produced able to provide a fair balance between emulsion stability and Cd(II) permeability as it able to remove 98.20% Cd(II) ions from the external phase. 

scholarly journals Emulsion Liquid Membrane Design in Vitro for Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2747-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nasiri Zarandi ◽  
Amirhossein Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Membrane Phase ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Phase Contact Time ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
External Phase

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extraction of lead by emulsion liquid membrane as an effective alternative to conventional lead extraction methods. The emulsion included D-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a carrier, paraffin and kerosene composition as an organic solvent, Span 80 as an emulsifier and sulfuric acid as an internal stripping phase. In this project, 7 effective factors in extraction of lead were chosen by emulsion liquid membrane, which included concentration of sulfuric acid in the internal phase, volume ratio of the emulsion to external phase (Rew), the ratio of organic phase to internal phase (Roi), initial pH of external phase, contact time of the emulsion and external phase, carrier concentration and concentration of surfactant in the membrane phase. After the initial experiments to make a stable emulsion, membrane phase mix (70% paraffin and 30% kerosene), homogenizer speed (12000 rpm) and mixer speed (309 rpm) were selected. The final experiments were designed by Taguchi statistical method. Optimization was done according to higher extraction rate and the effect of each of these factors and their optimal values as well as optimal conditions were determined. By verification test, it was shown that more than 92% of lead can be extracted from a solution with a concentration of 2000 ppm.

Removal of Phenol by a New Emulsion Liquid Membrane System and its Heat-Induced Demulsification

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1675-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Peng ◽  
Chun Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Membrane Phase ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Demulsification Efficiency

Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by a new emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) system and its heat-induced demulsification have been investigated. The ELM consists of commercial kerosene as organic solvent, OP-4 as surfactant agent, hydrochloric acid as the stripping phase. Effect of different operating parameters such as internal phase concentration, surfactant concentration, stirring speed, PH value in external phase, volume ratio of membrane phase to internal phase and volume ratio of membrane phase to external phase were investigated for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution. At the optimum condition about 95.7% phenol is removed in less than 20min of contact time. The demulsification efficiency was investigated under different temperature and time and proved to be high at 80°C.

scholarly journals Application of Taguchi Method for Optimization Cadmium Separation by Emulsion Liquid Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
Fatima F. Jabbar ◽  
Salih Rushdi
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Layer 4

A study was carried out to remove cadmium ions from a hydrochloric medium at a concentration of 100 ppm using the emulsified liquid membrane (ELM) technique. Emphasis was placed on assessing process parameters and their effect on changing the concentration of cadmium ions in the hydrochloric solution. To study the performance characteristics of the process, Taguchi method was used with analyzing of signal/noise ratio. Five parameters that affect performance such as (pH of the external phase (1-4), surfactant concentration in the organic layer (4% -10% v / v), carrier concentration in the organic layer (4% -10%  v / v), speed of  Emulsification (5800-24000) rpm and emulsion volume ratio / outer phase ratio (Eml./Ext ratio) was studied, taking into account the change in the concentration of cadmium ions in the external phase. To obtain the lowest concentration of cadmium ions in the external stage, the values ​​of the optimum parameters were: pH = 3, Surfactant conc. = 4%, Carrier conc. = 8% emulsification speed = 19700 rpm, and Eml./Ext.  ratio = 18%. Results of the present work suggested that Eml./Ext. ratio had a major effect on the concentration change, followed by a pH in the outer phase,  the emulsification velocity,  carrier concentration, and the surfactant concentration respectively.

scholarly journals Optimization of Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Lead Separation from Aqueous Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2068-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fouad ◽  
F. Ahmad ◽  
K. Abdelrahman
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Phase Concentration ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Agitation Time

This study focuses on evaluating the process parameters and their effects on extraction of lead as well as emulsion breaking. The Signal / Noise ratios have been used to study the performance characteristics. Six parameters affecting extraction by emulsion liquid membrane, namely, TOPO, Span80, and internal phase concentration, feed/emulsion ratio, agitation time and feed pH have been optimized with considerations to lead extraction and emulsion breaking. The standardized effects of the independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits (α= 0.05) and Pareto chart. The use of the optimal values of these parameters has been proved useful in maximizing the extraction efficiency and minimizing the emulsion breakage. TOPO concentration of 0.1498 M, Span 80 concentration of 3.007 v%, Internal phase concentration of 0.183 M, Feed/emulsion volume ratio of 1.407, agitation time of 30 minutes, and feed pH of 5 are determined as the optimum parameters.

scholarly journals Copper(II) Extraction from Nitric Acid Solution with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone as a Cation Carrier by Liquid Membrane Emulsion

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baharuddin Hamzah ◽  
Noor Jalaluddin ◽  
Abdul Wahid Wahab ◽  
Ambo Upe
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid Solution ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Yellow Crystal ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Synthesis Yield

Copper(II) extraction from nitric acid solution with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoil-5-pyrazolone (HPMBP) as a cation carrier by liquid membrane emulsion (LME) was investigated. The HPMBP initially was synthesized and the synthesis yield is a yellow crystal with melting point of 87-89°C. The synthesis efficiency is 72.04% and generally the spectra of IR,1H NMR and13C NMR agree with HPMBP structure. The optimum condition for copper(II) extraction were found as follows: concentration of mixed surfactant (span 80+span 20) was 3%, volume ratio of membrane and internal phase was 1, concentration of HPMBP was 0.020 M, concentration of HCl was 1 M, volume ratio of emulsion and external phase was 0.143. By using these optimum conditions, 30 mL of LME can extract 1000 ppm of copper(II) within 210 mL of nitric acid solution with extraction percentage of 97.97%.

Carrier Assisted Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process for Recovery of Basic Dye from Wastewater using Continuous Extractor

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norasikin Othman ◽  
Ooi Zing-Yi ◽  
Norlisa Harruddin ◽  
Raja Norimie ◽  
Norela Jusoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Membrane Phase ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Dye Extraction

Nowadays, water pollution has become major issue especially dye contaminated wastewaters from the textile industry. Dye causes serious environmental pollution and health problems. The removal of color from dye-contaminated wastewaters in the related industries becomes a major concern all over the world. In this research, several parameters of dye extraction and recovery in the continuous emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process were investigated. This process consisted of three phases which are external (feed) phase, membrane phase and internal phase. The membrane phase was prepared by dissolving extractant bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and hydrophobic surfactant sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) in kerosene as diluents. The internal phase consisted of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The important parameters governing the extraction process of dye such as stirring speed, initial dye concentration, Span 80 concentration and treat ratio (volume ratio of emulsion to external phase) were studied. The results showed that the optimum condition for 25ppm initial concentration of dye extraction are 250 rpm stirring speed, 5% (w/v) Span 80 and treat ratio 1:5. At this condition, the percentage of dye extraction, stripping and recovery were 98%, 82% and 81% respectively. Hence, continuous ELM technique is proven to be a very promising technique in industrial wastewater treatment and recovery of dye.

scholarly journals Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Cadmium Removal: Experimental Results and Model Prediction

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Ahmad ◽  
Adhi Kusumastuti ◽  
M. M. H. Shah Buddin ◽  
D. C. J. Derek ◽  
B. S. Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Model Prediction ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
External Phase

A study on mass transfer model for cadmium extraction in emulsion liquid membrane system has been done. Mass transfer in the external phase and emulsion globule, stripping reaction, and diffusion of the complex were taken account into the model. Reaction and chemical equilibrium of the process were also considered. The partial differential equation was numerically solved using MATLAB software. Effect of some parameters such as acid concentration in the external phase, extraction speed, volume ratio of emulsion to feed phase, volume ratio of internal to membrane phase, and initial concentration to the extraction process were investigated and compared to the model. The model prediction can agree very well with the concentration profile of cadmium in each phase.

scholarly journals Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Hazarel Zairy Mohd Harun ◽  
Mohd Khairul Akmal Jasni ◽  
Nur Dina Zaulkiflee
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Stirring Time

Ibuprofen (IBP) is a pharmaceutical product that is widely prescribed as an over-the-counter painkiller. It has been classified as a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) that has received global attention in the search for a better wastewater separation technology. The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is one of the potential solutions for IBP removal from wastewater owing to its advantages, such as the ability to remove a highly soluble solute, energy efficient and tuneable formulation. To develop this ELM, a series of parameters such as stirring speed, emulsification time, organic to internal phase volume ratio (O/I), internal phase concentration, carrier concentration and surfactant concentration were studied. The extraction was carried out for 15 min stirring time and the concentration of IBP in the feed phase was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum formulation for the ELM was found at 300 rpm stirring speed, 20 min emulsification time, 3:1 of O/I, 0.1 M ammonia, NH3 (stripping agent), 6 wt% trioctylamine, TOA (carrier) and 2 wt% sorbitan monooleate, Span 80 (non-ionic surfactant). IBP removal of 89% was achieved at the optimum parameters of ELM. The current research demonstrated that a newly formulated ELM has great potential in removing a low concentration IBP from wastewater.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ion Kadmium(II) dan Nikel(II) pada Ekstraksi Ion Tembaga(II) dengan Ekstraktan 4-Benzoil -1-Fenil-3-Metil- 2- Pirazolin-5-On Menggunakan Emulsi Membran Cair

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baharuddin Hamzah ◽  
Noor Jalaluddin ◽  
Abdul Wahid Wahab ◽  
Ambo Upe
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Mixed Surfactant ◽  
Membrane Phase ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Percentage Extraction ◽  
Span 80

The effects of cadmium(II) and nickel(II) ions to copper(II) extraction using liquid membrane emulsion with 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-on (HPMBP) as an extractant was studied. The optimum condition forcopper(II) extraction were as follows: emulsification rate=2000 rpm, emulsification time=10 minutes, extractionrate=300 rpm, extraction time=15 minutes, concentration of mixed surfactant (span 80+span 20)=3%, volumeratio of membrane phase and internal phase=1:1, concentration of HPMBP=0.020 M, concentration of HCl=1M,volume ratio of emulsion and external phase=1:7. The result showed that the extraction of copper(II) by liquidmembrane emulsion with HPMBP as an extractant was selective to cadmium(II) and nickel(II) ions, relatively. Theresult also showed that in the extraction of 500 mg/l copper(II), the presence of 500 mg/l of nickel(II) was decreasingthe percentage of copper(II) extraction to be 83.73. While, the presence of 500 mg/l of cadmium(II) does notinfluence the percentage extraction of copper(II), relatively.

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