scholarly journals Icyano: a cyanobacterial bloom vulnerability index for drinking water treatment plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3517-3530
Author(s):  
Mário U. G. Barros ◽  
João I. R. Leitão ◽  
Thaís R. B. T. Aranha ◽  
Serhat Simsek ◽  
Riley P. Buley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Managing freshwater systems has become a challenge for global water utilities given that cyanobacterial blooms have been increasing in frequency and intensity. Consequently, a water quality index that uses conventional measurements to assess toxic cyanobacterial hazards and guide the selection of proper treatment technologies could benefit water resource managers about water quality parameters routinely analyzed in line with environmental changes. An index model, called Icyano, showed that chlorophyll-a, cyanobacterial concentration, and total nitrogen were most important for the index. All reservoirs classified as good by Icyano used direct filtration water treatment technology. Many of the medium Icyano-classified reservoirs used a pre-treatment unit followed by a direct filtration unit. Two reservoirs that were classified as bad or very bad have been utilizing pre-treatment + direct filtration or a complete cycle technology, respectively. As the Icyano index increases, water treatment plants should switch from direct filtration to using a pre-treatment to improve finished water quality. Findings from this project suggest that the direct filtration technology initially used in water treatment plants is not capable of meeting the current water quality guidelines in reservoirs that contain adverse water quality conditions, mostly related to an increase in toxic cyanobacterial blooms. As such, based on our findings, we recommend prioritizing financial resources towards pre-treatment technology or changes to more advanced technologies when Icyano index values increase.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts on Treated Water Quality of Recycling Dewatered Sludge Supernatant during Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Kanarat Pinkanjananavee ◽  
Swee J. Teh ◽  
Tomofumi Kurobe ◽  
Chelsea H. Lam ◽  
Franklin Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dewatered Sludge

Cyanobacterial blooms and the associated release of cyanotoxins pose problems for many conventional water treatment plants due to their limited removal by typical unit operations. In this study, a conventional water treatment process consisting of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and sludge dewatering was assessed in lab-scale experiments to measure the removal of microcystin-LR and Microcystis aeruginosa cells using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer (LC-MS) and a hemacytometer, respectively. The overall goal was to determine the effect of recycling cyanotoxin-laden dewatered sludge supernatant on treated water quality. The lab-scale experimental system was able to maintain the effluent water quality below relevant the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for every parameter analyzed at influent concentrations of M. aeruginosa above 106 cells/mL. However, substantial increases of 0.171 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), 7 × 104 cells/L, and 0.26 µg/L in turbidity, cyanobacteria cell counts, and microcystin-LR concentration were observed at the time of dewatered supernatant injection. Microcystin-LR concentrations of 1.55 µg/L and 0.25 µg/L were still observed in the dewatering process over 24 and 48 h, respectively, after the initial addition of M.aeruginosa cells, suggesting the possibility that a single cyanobacterial bloom may affect the filtered water quality long after the bloom has dissipated when sludge supernatant recycling is practiced.

scholarly journals A study on prediction method for ozone dosage and residual ozone concentration in advanced ozone water treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hyung ◽  
K. B. Kim ◽  
M. C. Kim ◽  
I. S. Lee ◽  
J. Y. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Ozone dosage in most water treatment plants is operated by determining the ozone concentration with the experience of the operation. In this case, it is not economical. This study selected the factors affecting residual ozone concentration and attempted to estimate the optimum amount of hydrogen peroxide dosage for the control of the residual ozone concentration by developing a model for the prediction of the residual ozone concentration. The prediction formulas developed in this study can quickly respond to the environment of water quality and surrounding environmental factors, which change in real time, so it is judged that they could be used for the operation of the optimum ozone process, and the control of ozone dosage could be used as a new method in controlling the concentration of ozone dosage and the concentration of residual ozone.

scholarly journals Small-scale drinking water treatment unit of filtration and UV disinfection for remote area

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2106-2118
Author(s):  
Kassim Chabi ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Lizheng Guo ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Chengsong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Remote Areas

Abstract People in remote areas are still drinking surface water that may contain certain pollutants including harmful microorganisms and chemical compounds directly without any pretreatment. In this study, we have designed and operated a pilot-scale drinking water treatment unit as part of our aim to find an economic and easily operable technology for providing drinking water to people in those areas. Our small-scale treatment unit contains filtration and disinfection (UV–C irradiation) stages to remove pollutants from source water. The water quality index was determined based on various parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and bacteria. Water and media samples after DNA extraction were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq throughput sequencing for the determination of bacterial community composition. After the raw water treatment, the reduction of bacteria concentration ranged from 1 to 2 log10. The average removal of the turbidity, ammonium, nitrite, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon reached up to 95.33%, 85.71%, 100%, 28.57%, and 45%, respectively. In conclusion, multiple biological stages in our designed unit showed an improvement of the drinking water quality. The designed drinking treatment unit produces potable water meeting standards at a lower cost of operation and it can be used in remote areas.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Kualitas Air dan Beban Pencemaran Sungai Bedadung di Intake Instalasi Pengolahan Air PDAM Kabupaten Jember

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Hendra Andiananta Pradana ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Elida Novita ◽  
Aisyah Humayro ◽  
Bambang Herry Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu sumber air permukaan yang memiliki peran vital bagi ekosistem perairan dan makhluk hidup adalah sungai. Sungai Bedadung merupakan salah satu sungai besar yang melewati wilayah Perkotaan Kabupaten Jember. Air dari sungai tersebut dimanafaatkan sebagai pemasok air baku untuk PDAM Kabupaten Jember. Akan tetapi akibat tekanan aktivitas antropogenik menurunkan kualitas air sungai tersebut. Pemantauan kualitas air diperlukan sebagai salah satu pertimbangan pengendalian pencemaran pada air sungai tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kondisi kualitas air dan beban pencemaran di intake intalasi pengolahan air (IPA) PDAM Kabupaten Jember.Metode: Pengambilan contoh air secara grab sampling dilakukan di intake IPA Tegal Gede dan IPA Tegal Besar dengan beberapa parameter kualitas air yang diamati yaitu suhu, kekeruhan, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, yang dibandingkan dengan baku mutu Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 tahun 2001 serta debit air yang digunakan untuk menghitung beban pencemaran serta dilanjutkan uji t untuk mengetahui perbandingan kondisi beban pencemaran.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa kualitas air sungai di intake IPA Tegal Gede dan IPA Tegal Besar secara berurutan tergolong kelas I dan III. Nilai COD di intake IPA Tegal Besar tergolong kelas III. Nilai beban pencemaran menujukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kedua intake IPA. Beban pencamaran di IPA Tegal Gede dan Tegal Besar dengan nilai rata-rata secara berurutan yaitu 24,96 kg/hari dan 74,03 kg/hari.Simpulan: Kualitas air Sungai Bedadung berdasarkan parameter fisika dan kimia di intake IPA Tegal Gede di IPA Tegal Besar secara berurutan tergolong kelas I dan III serta kondisi beban pencemaranya beragam.ABSTRACTBackground: River as one of surface water resources has a vital role for ecosystems and organism. Jember Regency Municipal Waterworks utilized the river as water raw resources. However, the pressure of anthropogenic activity decreases the river's water quality. Water quality monitoring is needed as a consideration for pollution controlling in the river. The focus research identified the condition of water quality and pollution load in the water treatment plants (WTP) intake of Jember Regency Municipal Waterworkers.Method: The water sampling by grab sampling was carried out at intake of Tegal Gede and Tegal Besar WTP with several observed pysicochemical parameters i.e temperature, turbidity, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, COD compered with the quality standard of Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and stream flow for pollution load measurement and continued by t-test to compire the pollution load conditions.Result: The results denote that the water quality in Tegal Gede and Tegal Besar WTP intakes were classified into first (I) and third (III) class. COD caused water quality decreased in intake of Tegal Besar WTP. The t-test of the pollution load represented a significantly difference at the both water treatment plants locations. Pollution load at Tegal Gede and Tegal Besar WTP showed the average values of 24.96 kg/day and 74.03 kg/day. Conclusion: The water quality refer to physicochemical parameter in intake of Tegal Gede and Tegal Besar were categorized WTP into first (I) and third (III) class, furthermore the condition of the pollution load varies.

scholarly journals Trihalomethane precursor reactivity changes in drinking water treatment unit processes during a storm event

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098-2106
Author(s):  
Chelsea W. Neil ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
Amy Zhao ◽  
Jill Neal ◽  
Maria Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Source Water Quality

Abstract Source water quality can significantly impact the efficacy of water treatment unit processes and the formation of chlorinated and brominated trihalomethanes (THMs). Current water treatment plant performance models may not accurately capture how source water quality variations, such as organic matter variability, can impact treatment unit processes. To investigate these impacts, a field study was conducted wherein water samples were collected along the treatment train for 72 hours during a storm event. Systematic sampling and detailed analyses of water quality parameters, including non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), UV absorbance, and THM concentrations, as well as chlorine spiking experiments, reveal how the THM formation potential changes in response to treatment unit processes. Results show that the NPOC remaining after treatment has an increased reactivity towards forming THMs, and that brominated THMs form more readily than chlorinated counterparts in a competitive reaction. Thus both the reactivity and quantity of THM precursors must be considered to maintain compliance with drinking water standards, a finding that should be incorporated into the development of model-assisted treatment operation and optimization. Advanced granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment beyond conventional coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation processes may also be necessary to remove the surge loading of THM-formation precursors during a storm event.

Effectively Managing Source Water Quality Affecting Downstream Recycled Water Treatment Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (14) ◽  
pp. 2625-2640
Author(s):  
Alice E. Towey ◽  
John M. Hake ◽  
Erika R. Gardner ◽  
Joseph A. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Source Water Quality

Discussion on Feed-Water Treatment Technology of Supercritical Unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 831-837
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Lu ◽  
Qiao Ling Peng ◽  
Shun An Cao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Water Treatment Technology ◽  
Steam System

The oxygenated feed-water treatment technology of supercritical unit can effectively decrease the corrosion of water-steam system, and thus steam-water quality and operating efficiency are greatly promoted. In view of modes of feed-water treatment technology for supercritical unit, the characteristics of oxide film in thermal system under AVT and OT conditions are compared; and then, the principle of oxygenated feed-water treatment technology was elaborated. Besides, the oxygenated conditions, controlling of water quality, advantages, the relation between formation of oxide scale and oxygen plus are analyzed. Finally, the paper introduced weak oxiding feed-water treatment technology, with the principle of low oxygen and high pH value.

scholarly journals Determinantes socioeconómicos de la calidad del agua superficial en México

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (69) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Ibarrarán Viniegra ◽  
Alfonso Mendoza Velázquez ◽  
Cristina Pastrana López ◽  
Erika Jazmín Manzanilla Interian
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
National Development ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Different Levels

Resumen: la calidad y la disponibilidad de agua de los ríos en México son cruciales para el desarrollo regional y nacional, pero tienen problemas graves; en 2006, 74 por ciento de las aguas superficiales tenía grados diferentes de contaminación. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la influencia de algunas variables socioeconómicas en la calidad del agua superficial en las regiones hidrológicas administrativas, y proponer acciones para mejorarla. Según el análisis econométrico, la actividad económica y la densidad poblacional perjudican la calidad del agua superficial en dichas regiones. Es poco el efecto del aumento de las plantas de tratamiento de agua en cuanto a la contaminación; el incremento en el caudal tratado es contraproducente para la calidad del agua. Estos elementos presentan aspectos importantes para ser abordados por las políticas públicas.Palabras clave: agua superficial; calidad del agua; contaminación de ríos; cuencas hidrológicas; plantas de tratamiento de agua; política pública; modelos econométricos. Socio-economic determinants of surface water quality in MexicoAbstract: the quality and availability of water in Mexican rivers is critical for regional and national development, but they pose serious problems. In 2006, 74 percent of the surface water in Mexico had different levels of pollution. The objective of this research is to identify the influence of socioeconomic variables in surface water quality on each of the hydrological-administrative regions (hars) and to propose actions in order to improve its quality. After an econometric analysis, results show that surface water quality in the different hars is affected by economic activity and population density. On the other hand, the increase of water treatment plants has little impact on reducing water pollution and the increase of treated water shows a counterproductive effect on water quality. All of these aspects should be considered when designing public policy.Key words: surface water; water quality; pollution of rivers; water basins; water treatment plants; public policy; econometric models.

The Status and Development of Water Treatment Technology for Supercritical Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Lu ◽  
Qiao Ling Peng ◽  
Yang Mei ◽  
Zheng Feng Li ◽  
Shun An Cao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Development Prospects

The paper is to study the water treatment technologies for supercritical unit to improve its steam-water quality and ensure safe and economical operation. Based on lots of domestic and foreign literature and field investigation in some typical power plants, the paper summaries present situation and development prospects of the technology and system process of water treatment for supercritical unit, and also compared the technologies, including make-up water, condensate water and feed-water treatment, from theoretical and technical prospective.

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